"新医科"是教育部提出的概念,充分体现了党和国家对医学教育发展的新要求.医学人才培养历来具有较强的时代性,新医科人才培养应符合新时代需求;"新时代"内涵的多维性,决定了新时代医学人才培养需求的多维性.在明确"新时代"多维需求的基础上,从社会、科技和医学3个维度构建"新医科"人才培养策略,其中,社会维度:以"立德树人"为根本、以"健康中国"为目标、以"民族复兴"为引领;科技维度:加强科技创新能力培养、注重学科交叉融合育人、探索智能时代培养范式;医学维度:更新传统医学思维观念、强化系统整合思维能力、培育卓越的岗位胜任力.

通过国内外对"食育"的定义阐述,提出食育的内容:通过各种饮食观念、营养知识、饮食安全、饮食文化等知识进行教育,一方面获得有关"食"的知识和选择食的能力;另一方面培养出有人与自然、环境和谐相处的意识,,有传统食文化理解力、有良好饮食习惯、能过健康食生活的人.我国食育尚处于起步阶段,在政策制定、理论探索、实践尝试等方面均未形成体系,除借鉴国外食育经验,还需考虑地域、文化、传统、宗教等因素影响,提出符合我国国情,具有中国特色的食育养生的建议与对策,以提升全民健康素养,帮助社区居民树立科学合理的食育健康观.

目的 调查重庆市失独家庭中糖尿病患者膳食营养状况.方法 随机抽取重庆市失独家庭中糖尿病患者 100 例作为观察组, 同时选取 100 例正常家庭中的健康人群作为对照组, 调查 2 组人群膳食营养状况.结果 重庆市失独家庭中糖尿病患者身体体重指数明显高于健康人群[(26.95±3.02) vs. (25.26±3.39) kg/m2, P<0.01]; 肥胖比例显著高于健康人群(32.00% vs. 18.00%,P<0.05).重庆市失独家庭中糖尿病患者谷物、油脂类、禽肉类、豆类、盐摄入量较正常人群增高(P<0.05), 而乳类、蔬菜类、鱼虾类、蛋类、水果摄入量较正常人群降低(P<0.05).通过对比糖尿病患者推荐摄入量发现重庆市失独家庭中糖尿病患者谷物、油脂类、禽肉类、豆类、盐摄入量超量, 而乳类、蔬菜类、鱼虾类、蛋类、水果摄入量不足.重庆市失独家庭中糖尿病患者热量、碳水化合物和脂肪摄入量高于正常人群, 而蛋白质摄入量低于正常人群(P<0.05).重庆市失独家庭中糖尿病患者焦虑自我评分、抑郁自我评分高于正常人群(P<0.05).焦虑自我评分、抑郁自我评分与热量、碳水化合物、脂肪摄入正相关, 与蛋白质摄入负相关(P<0.05).结论 重庆市失独家庭中糖尿病患者热量摄入较多, 其中碳水化合物、脂肪、盐摄入较多, 而蛋白质摄入偏少, 与心理健康状况有关, 应加强对这类人群的饮食教育和心理健康建设.

组建成立军队高等教育院校新体系是新一轮军队调整改革的重要举措,军事院校转型建设与发展的质量直接影响军事教育训练工作的整体效能.本研究重点探讨军事院校建设中从严治校与专家治校的关系问题,为在转型阶段重点推进好军事院校内部治理工作,提高教育管理水平提供参考依据.

目的 探索三甲综合医院临床科主任核心胜任力与绩效之间的关系.方法 在已构建的三甲综合医院临床科主任核心胜任力模型的基础上,运用问卷法、因子分析法建立临床科主任绩效模型利用结构方程模型进行验证,进而建立胜任力-绩效模型,评价临床科主任核心胜任力对绩效是否存在正向的影响.结果 三甲综合医院临床科主任绩效评价模型由任务绩效和关系绩效2个维度共7项指标构成.信度分析结果显示,问卷整体Cron-bach'sα系数为0.867,K M O值为0.808;探索性因子分析显示,共提取2个公因子,累计贡献率为89.023％;验证性因子分析显示,模型二维结构拟合较好.结构方程模型分析结果显示,临床科主任核心胜任力模型对绩效具有预测作用,对提高绩效影响显著.结论 三甲综合医院临床科主任核心胜任力与绩效之间存在紧密联系,胜任力模型有助于临床科主任提升个体绩效,并为医院的选拔、考评等工作提供理论参考.

Objective To construct the competency model of teachers in Medical colleges based on the needs of students.Methods A total of 400 under-graduated students from two medical schools were enrolled in the study. The competency model was constructed by the way of literature analysis,Behavioral Event Interview(BEI)and ques-tionnaires and every compositing part was analyzed.Results This model consisted of 4 Dimensions(Professional knowledge and Skills,comprehensive ability,professional ethics or values and individual characteristics),which con-tained 33 competency features.The reliability analysis showed that the Cronbach's αcoefficient was 0.920,and the KMO value was 0.854.Four factors were extracted using exploratory factor analysis,contributing 78.981% of the total variance.Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good fittness of the model through analysis of confirmatory factors.Conclusion The competency model of teachers in medical college,in view of the students,will perform the actual teaching needs of medical professionals,and provide theoretical reference for the selection and assessment of the medical college teachers.

免疫学是护理专业必修的一门前沿和交叉学科[1-2],与其他课程(护理学基础、护理心理学、护理英语等)相比,免疫学内容更为枯燥和深奥,理论性和逻辑性更强,且与临床实践的联系更为紧密[3-5].于护理本科生而言,理想地掌握免疫学知识对今后临床工作至关重要[2].目前护理教学工作者为提高免疫学教学效果进行了许多尝试,如案例教学法结合以问题为基础的教学法(PBL)、讲授和案例融合、情境教学法、基础理论与临床实际相结合等,并取得了理想的效果[1,6-8].但是以教师为主导、传统授课为核心的第一课堂以外的第二课堂在护理免疫教学过程中的应用研究相对较少.有研究表明为多方位培养综合素质较高的医护人员,需将第一课堂与第二课堂结合[9].为了提高学员对免疫学的掌握度,提高学员综合素养,本研究探讨了本科护理免疫学教学过程中构建第二课堂对学员的影响,现报道如下.

Objective The purpose of this research is to establish a scientific model evaluating the core competency that the clinical department director should have in a general hospital.Methods The author made the initial model based on three aspects ,including literature analysis ,expert interview and behavioral event interview. And a question-naire was designed on the basis of the initial model and handed out to 200 clinical department directors from nine ter-tiary general hospitals to confirm the ultimate framework.Results This model consists of 4 dimensions(professional competence ,administrative skills ,personal characteristics and interpersonal relationships )and 17 qualifying stand-ards. The reliability analysis showed that the overall coding reliability coefficient was 0.719 ,the Cronbach's α coeffi-cient was 0.872 ,and the KMO value was 0.847. Four factors were extracted using exploratory factor analysis ,con-tributing 88.743% of the total variance.A good fitness of the model was revealed through analysis of confirmatory factors.Conclusion This competency model is scientific and stable and can be used as the theoretical reference for clinical department directors selecting ,evaluating and training.

目的 通过对某三甲综合医院临床科主任群体的调查,分析其胜任力现状并探讨提升对策.方法 基于已构建的三甲综合医院临床科主任核心胜任力模型,提取各项胜任特征条目,并据此形成问卷,对某三甲综合医院的38名临床科主任进行调查,并利用统计软件SPSS 21.0对所获数据进行结果 分析.结果该医院临床科主任的整体胜任力处于中等水平;其中得分最高的胜任特征项为创新能力、团队建设和责任感,得分最低的项目为影响力、经营能力和医学人文素养.不同胜任特征的得分之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 该医院临床科主任显性胜任力发展良好,但对隐性胜任力的重视和开发不足.基于胜任力的测评方法,对提高科主任整体胜任力水平以及促进医院的人力资源改革具有一定的参考意义.

临床医师的教育培训工作对于建设医院高素质人才队伍并保证人才的使用效率至关重要,是促进医院战略执行力和核心竞争力的基础性工程.而正确分析临床医师的培训需求,则是建立医院培训体系的首要步骤,其科学性将直接影响后续培训的整体效果.文章对将胜任力模型应用到医院培训需求分析中的必要性和有效性进行分析,构建了基于胜任力的临床医师培训需求分析模型的方法和步骤,并对模型的应用进行了SWOT分析,提出相关的对策及建议.

The current medical science and technology decision-making is mainly based on the elite decision-making model in the world.Under the influence of the concepts and models,the public who are service population of medical technology have no chance to participate in the decision-making of medical science and technology.It is not only the bad for avoiding the risk of decision-making,but also brings the conflicts between doctors and patients.In order to supplement the inadequacy of the elite decision-making model and avoid the risk of medical science and technology decision-making,a new perspective of theory must be established,and thoroughly investigate the important role of citizen in participation the medical science and technology decision-making and the methods to improve the participa-tion efficiency.

This article aims to explore the dean's leadership of brigade hospitals. The research have de-fined the connotation of the leadership in five dimensions:the ability to organize army health services, the ability of professional medical techniques, the interpersonal communication skills, the willingness to play as a role model to motivate subordinators and the capacity to make innovational decisions. It also offered proposals of strengthening the dean's leadership of brigade hospitals.

目的了解重庆市沙坪区居民饮食现状,分析饮食与健康、疾病的关系,为食育工作的开展提供基础与指导.方法通过查阅文献和专家咨询讨论的形成自制调查问卷,选择沙坪坝区4个卫生服务中心辖区的居民740名为调查对象.结果居民中抽烟、喝酒比例分别为16.3%、16.5%;30-40%的居民对饮食态度一般,15%非常讲究营养均衡,不同性别、年龄段、学历的居民对饮食的态度上差异显著;40%的居民食物荤素均匀,;78%的居民没有听说过食育;20%的居民认为食育就是营养教育、健康教育.结论居民对日常饮食的态度有待改进,性别、不同年龄段及学历程度对日常饮食态度有差异,需通过社区对家庭、对个人的健康教育,提高个人对健康的认识,树立科学的健康观,从而改变日常饮食习惯,改进对待饮食的态度.同时加大对食育的宣传力度,推进食育工作的开展.

Field surgery training is an important part of professional education in medical staff of war wound/trauma care.The aim of this study is to suggest the improved strategy in training course of field surgery in the light of the curriculum demands of trainees.The investigation of trainees' demands held in the Institute of Surgery Research,Daping Hospital of Third Military Medical University from 2005 to 2016 was analyzed and related strategy was put forward.The results showed that there were several disadvantages in current training,such as inadequate diversification and practicality,poor popularity and unitary evaluation system.Therefore,the corresponding strategy was suggested in the aspects of idea,mode and assessment so as to improve the professional education system of field surgery.

随着社会、经济的发展,国民生活水平在逐步提高,饮食结构发生了改变,据有关调查发现,一些人因饮食的不合理导致与营养相关的疾病发生率上升,严重危害着我国国民的健康,加重了医疗负担.同时,浪费粮食的现象以及餐饮中不雅举止,严重影响了国民的形象.因此国民饮食结构需要调整、完善和重组,中华饮食文化需要传承和弘扬,饮食礼仪有待提升.本文对国民的饮食现状进行分析,为提高居民的身体素质,提升全社会的文明程度及风尚,使饮食文化得到传承和发展,在国民中普及食育很有必要,而且具有重要意义.

以师以下部队医疗卫生机构卫勤专业技术干部为研究对象,自行设计问卷,调查分析了卫勤专业技术干部任职教育培养目标需求,从适应未来岗位任职需要的角度,提出了军队医学任职教育培养目标改革的建议,以期为我军卫勤任职教育体制改革提供依据和参考.

作为未来医护事业接班人的医护生,是社会医学发展与卫生事业改革的中坚力量,如何适应新的形势、胜任新的任务,成为我国社会医学与卫生事业合格的建设者和接班人,除了需要精湛的医护技能,还需要高尚的道德品质和良好的职业责任感,也就是说医护生需具备较好的人文素养.所以医护生进行人文素质教育和培养是医学院校面临的一项重大的任务.该文从对入职前的医护进行人文素养的培养,提出几点思考建议,以供探讨.

非现役文职教员（以下简称文职教员）是指取得规定的资格、获得相应的职务、主要从事军队院校教学和科学研究工作的文职人员[1]。文职教员岗位任职能力主要是指面对学员授课的胜任力，包括教学态度、敬业精神、人格特质、专业知识、专业技能和作风纪律等。文职人员制度是各国军队合理优化现役军人编配数量，将现役军人更加集中编配于作战指挥岗位，有效增强军队效能的通用做法。当前，在国家裁军30万的大背景下，文职人员必然迎来前所未有的发展机遇，必将成为我军整体军力的重要组成，作用愈加重要。开展军队院校文职教员岗位任职能力提升策略研究，可以为引进、培养和建设高素质文职教员队伍提供有力依据，为深化改革文职人员制度调整提供理论借鉴，对于盘活军队院校人力资源、提高军事人才培养质量具有重要意义。

T he construction of a hospital financial informatization performance evaluation model can provide a scientific evidence for the financial informatization development of hospitals ,thus achieving an optimum matching of people ,capital and goods ,and bringing their superiority of resources into full play .T hrough a questionnaire survey of 11 related experts ,we use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assign weights to the hospital financial performance evaluation index system ,so as to accurately reflect the quantitative level of financial informatization in a hospital .By analyzing the weight of each evaluation index ,we can have a clear view of its effects on the hospital financial informatization ,thus providing some effective evi‐dence for the construction of hospital financial informatization .

Background: A comprehensive evaluation model for the assessment of the humanistic qualities of medical practitioners is not currently available in Mainland China; thus, we aimed to construct one using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method.Methods: We determined the weight of 37 indicators of the humanistic evaluation system.Results: We found that the consistency ratio index provided by each expert upon grading was less than 0.1. Among all the indicators in the scheme layer, "reverence for life" had the highest weight (0.066), whereas "bioethics" and "ability to express empathy" were 0.053 and 0.047, respectively. The results of the AHP model were better than the results of the mean method model.Conclusion: The model of evaluation that was established based on AHP is an objective and effective system and also represents a suitable guide for the selection and evaluation of personnel.