To explore the characteristic changes of magnetic resonance spectroscopy of prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and the correlation with the plasma cortisol level in depressed patients without any therapy. Subjects were divided into groups by the Hamilton depression scale. Blood was taken to detect the plasma cortisol level. Meanwhile, subjects were scanned by MRI and 1H-MRS to test the brain structure and the levels of NAA, Cho, Cr in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. The level of plasma cortisol, the value of MRS and 1H-MRS of the patients were compared with those of normal control. We found that the level of plasma cortisol in depression group is higher than that in normal control group (P=0.000). A negative correlation between the level of plasma cortisol and the level of NAA in the left prefrontal cortex is observed (r = -0.625, P = 0.041), while in the left hippocampus, the correlation between them is positive (r = 0.647, P = 0.043). The level of NAA in the left prefrontal cortex of depression group is lower than that of normal control (P = 0.006); and the levels of NAA, Cho, Cr in both left and right hippocampus of depression group is lower than those of normal control group (P < 0.05). These data suggest that the changes of energy metabolism may happen before the structural damage of prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and correlate to the changes of the level of plasma cortisol in depression patients.

Objective To explore the prevalence of household passive smoking and its risk factors among children in Macau Special Administrative Region of Peopleu0027s Republic of China( Macau) and to provide evidences for making measures for preventing the children from secondhand smoke. Methods Convenient sampling method was adopted to select 875 parents of children aged 6 to 14 years in first,third or fifth grade of 4 elementary schools and a questionnaire survey was conducted among the participants. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the risk factors of household passive smoking. Results The 875 participants reported an overall prevalence rate of 37. 0% of household passive smoking among their children and 28. 3% of the children exposed to the secondhand smoke( SHS) at home every day.There was no significant difference in the passive smoking prevalence between the boys and girls( χ2= 0. 326,P 0. 05).Among the parents surveyed,the prevalence rate of current smoking in the fathers was 43. 7%,much higher than that in the mothers( 3. 8%) and in the grandparents( 8. 3%). Fatheru0027s smoking was the most important risk factor of SHS exposure at home among the children( odds ratio[OR]= 34. 061,95% confidence interval[95% CI]: 21. 819- 53. 173) and the smoking status of a father was influenced by education level of the father( OR = 0. 606,95% CI: 0. 513- 0. 716) and the age of the mother( OR = 0. 973,95% CI: 0. 950- 0. 997). Single mothers were more likely to be smokers than the mothers of two-parent family( OR = 8. 137,95% CI = 3. 209- 20. 637). Conclusion The prevalence of household passive smoking is relatively high and influenced mainly by parental smoking among the children in Macau,suggesting the control of parental smoking could decrease SHS exposure at home effectively among the children.

Objective To explore the effects of sodium nitrite(NaNO2) on cell proliferation and DNA damage in L929 fibroblasts.Methods Methyl thiazol tetrazolium(MTT) method was used to evaluate the cellular toxicity of NaNO2 on cell viability of L929 cells,and the single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE) as well as KCl-sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) assay were implied to detect DNA damage and DNA-protein crosslink(DPC).Results Hormesis was observed when L929 cells were exposed to certain concentrations of NaNO2 for 48 hr with a hormetic zone from 0 to 0.0384 mg/L.Under the exposure of 0.02 mg/L and 1 500 mg/L NaNO2,the tail length of DNA(2.72±1.99,3.26±3.09 μm),tail DNA%(7.87±6.63,7.75±4.90%),and Olive tail moment(0.80±0.64,0.79±0.64) of L929 cells were significantly different from those of the control group(P<0.05).DPC was observed for the cells under exposures of 2 mg/L,20 mg/L,and 1 500 mg/L NaNO2 compared with those of the control group in a dose dependent manner.Conclusion NaNO2 can induce hormesis and DNA fracture damage in L929 cells.

Objective To explore the adaptive response against the apoptosis and the changes of cell cycle induced by low dose methyl tertiary butyl ether(MTBE) in cultured Chinese hamster lung(CHL) cells,and its dose-response relationship. Methods The test was designed for six groups of doses of MTBE,that is 0,0.10,0.50,2.50,10.00 g/L,and 3 parallel kinds for each dose.The CHL cells were pretreated with above-mentioned doses of MTBE for 6 h respectively,with the same volume PBS for normal control,then the cells was inpacted with 35.00 g/L of MTBE for 18 hours,and finally they would be collected to be observed.The apoptosis and the cell cycle of CHL cells were observed by the method of flow cytometry. Results Apoptosis would be elicited by MTBE when the dose was over 30.00 g/L,so 35.00 g/L of MTBE was selected as the subsequent impact poisonous dose.The adaptive response of apoptosis could be induced by pretreated cells for 6 hours with low doses of MTBE(0.50~10.00 g/L),and the cells' blockage in G2 stage would be lightened. Conclusion Pretreatment of low dose of MTBE could induce the adaptive response against the apoptosis in CHL cells caused by MTBE.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of VEGF siRNA on chromosome aberration in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (CHL).METHODS:The chromosome aberrations were observed after CHL were transfected with VEGF siRNA for 24 hours and 48h.RESULTS:There were a questionable positive in 100nmol/L VEGF siRNA after VEGF siRNA were transfected for 24h and the chromosome aberration rate was 6 percentages. Both 50nmol/L VEGF siRNA and 100nmol/L VEGF siRNA caused the questionable positive after VEGF siRNAs were transfected for 48h, and the chromosome aberration rates was 6 percentages and 10 percentages separately. There were no the chromosome aberration in 25nmol/L VEGF siRNA. The types of chromosomal aberration induced by VEGF siRNAs included break, Dicentric grain, polyploid, gap, and three trajectories.CONCLUSION:100nmol/L VEGF siRNA might cause CHL chromosome aberration.

甲基叔丁基醚(methyl tertiary-butyl ether,MTBE)是一种取代四乙基铅的汽油防爆添加剂,能提高汽油的氧含量,使汽油燃烧更充分,能大大减少汽车尾气中一氧化碳等有毒气体的排放,降低城市空气污染程度.

[Objective]To study whether there is hormesis effect by formaldehyde and the damage character under the dose of hormetic zone.[Methods]Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (CHL) cultured in vitro were used as experimental object,the effect on proliferation rate of CHL by formaldehyde at different doses was detected by MTT-test,the damage effect at the dose of hormetic zone was detected by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and western-blot test.[Results]After 24h treatment of formaldehyde,hormesis effect on proliferation rate of CHL was observed,the hormetic zone was 0.39 mg/L ~3.125 mg/L,and the proliferation rate of CHL at the dose of 3.125 mg/L was 105.98% of the blank control group. The evidence of the hormesis caused by formaldehyde was low-intermediate level. After 24h treatment of 0.196 mg/L ~12.500 mg/L formaldehyde in CHL,there were significant differences in nuclear tail length,tail length/head length,percentage of tail DNA and Olive tail moment among seven dosage groups (P0.05),and DNA damage was clearly observed at the dose of 1.563 mg/L. After 6h treatment of formaldehyde,the protein band of PARP-1 was pale and expression of PARP-1 with 116KD of relative molecular weight reduced at the dose of 0.781 mg/L,25 mg/L and 100 mg/L,and there was no significant difference in coloration of protein band between the dose group of 3.125 mg/L and the blank control group.[Conclusion]There is hormesis effect on proliferation rate of CHL by formaldehyde,and formaldehyde can cause DNA damage and reduce the protein expression of PARP-1 at dose of hormetic zone. The advantages and disadvantages of the effect should be evaluated prudently.

Objective To assess the prevalence and risk factors of middle school students'acne in,Malaysia,Indonesia,Macao and Guangzhou.Methods With cross-sectional study,a questionnaire survey for the epidemiological information of acne was carried out in Sep-Oct 2001(Macuo),Sep-Dec 2004(Guangzhou) and Sep-Dec 2005(Malaysia and Indonesia).A group of 13 215 persons aged from 12 to 20 of 18 middle schools were drawn out from 103 middle schools in Macao,Guangzhou,Malaysia and Indonesia by random and cluster sampling.The software SPSS 13.0 statistically was used to analyze the date.Results The incidence rate of acne was 51.13%among the middle school students in these areas,among which 53.35%in male and 46.65%in female(P=0.062).The peak age of acne patients was 18 years-old in both male and female.The incidence rate of ache in Malaysia, Indonesia,Macao and Guangzhou was 65.24%,58.26%,45.47%and 32.81%,there were differences in incidence rates among the four districts(P=0.000).According to the results of multiple logistic regression,the risk factors of acne were fart frequently,constipation,fried food,bad breath,inheritance,late sleep,abdominal distention,high androgen level.Among these patients,77.81%of the male and 69.26%of the female considered that ache and its complications had a big influence to their appearance;79.26%of the male and 72.23%of the female regarded that would impact their self-confidence.Conclusion The middle school students in Macao,Guangzhou,Malaysia and Indonesia were frequently suffer from acne.Incretion and inheritance background,life habit and gastrointestinal dysfunction may be among the most important risk factors of ache.Ache and its complications have bad impact on the appearance and self-confidence of middle school students.

Objective To explore if low level of gaseous Methyl Tertiary-butyl Ether(MTBE)can induce the adaptive response of genotoxicity in mice. Methods The thirty-five mice were classified into seven groups at random,one group is negative control and other six trial groups were administered MTBE by inhalation at 0,63,126,315,630 or 1 260 mg/m~3 for 2 hours a day in 30 consecutive days, then all trial groups were administered MTBE by inhalation 10 000 mg/m~3 for 2 hours in the thirty-first day. The genotoxicity of MTBE in mice was detected by single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE) assay. Results 126,315,630,1 260 mg/m~3 MTBE could induce the adaptive response of DNA damage of leucocytes and hepatic cells in mice exposure to 10 000 mg/m~3 MTBE, and the main move and intensity index of SCGE had significant difference compared with 0 mg/m~3 MTBE pretreatment group( P < 0.05). The main moment index of SCGE had the same conclusion. Conclusion 126,315,630, 1 260 mg/m~3 MTBE can induce the adaptive response of genotoxicity in mouse.

[Objective]To study the micronucleus rate induced by Amaranth and Sunset Yellow in roottip cells of Vicia faba.[Methods] Micronucleus test was applied to assay the effect of Amaranth and Sunset Yellow at the doses about 2,1,1/2,1/4,1/8,1/16 times of the acceptable maximum level on micronucleus rates of root tip cells of Vicia faba,respectively.[Results]The micronucleus rates of Vicia faba increased at the dose range of 3.125～100 mg/L in Amaranth and of 6.25～200 mg/L in Sunset Yellow.[Conclusion]Amaranth and Sunset Yellow have a certain degree of genetic toxicity on Vicia faba root tip cells.

为评估青少年皮脂溢出相关疾病的患病情况、危险因素及其与消化道功能紊乱的相关性,采用横断面问卷调查方法,对广州市天河区以学校为单位随机整群抽取2552名12～20岁的中学生,对其逐一检查并以问卷调查的方法收集皮脂溢出相关疾病的流行病学资料,所有资料以SPSS 11.5软件进行统计分析.结果:总患病率平均为50.7%,男52.3%,女49.2%,性别间无统计学差异(P＞0.05).青少年皮脂溢出症、脂溢性皮炎、痤疮、脂溢性脱发和酒渣鼻患病率分别为30.0%、2.9%、32.8%、0%和1.6%.多因素logistic回归分析显示年龄、直系亲属有痤疮史、经常食油炸食物、腋毛多、乳晕周围有较多体毛、消化道功能紊乱、精神紧张等为其危险因素.其中消化道功能紊乱的OR=1.414(95%可信区间1.161～1.722,P=0.000).广州市青少年皮脂溢出相关疾病患病率较高,危险因素主要涉及内分泌、生活习惯与消化道功能紊乱等.

Sebaceous gland diseases are a group of common dermatological diseases with multiple causes. To date, a systematic report of the risk factors for sebaceous gland diseases in adolescents has not been published. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors for certain sebaceous gland diseases (seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, acne, androgenetic alopecia and rosacea) and their relationship to gastrointestinal dysfunction in adolescents. From August-October, 2002-2005, a questionnaire survey was carried out to obtain epidemiological data about sebaceous gland diseases. Using random cluster sampling, 13 215 Han adolescents aged 12-20 years were recruited from four countries or districts (Macau; Guangzhou, China; Malaysia; and Indonesia). The statistical software SPSS ver. 13.0 was used to analyze the data. The prevalence of seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, acne, androgenetic alopecia and rosacea was 28.27%, 10.17%, 51.03%, 1.65% and 0.97%, respectively. Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, the risk factors for sebaceous gland diseases included: age; duration of local residency; halitosis; gastric reflux; abdominal bloating; constipation; sweet food; spicy food; family history of acne; late night sleeping on a daily basis; excessive axillary, body and facial hair; excessive periareolar hair; and anxiety. There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms (halitosis; gastric reflux; abdominal bloating; constipation) between patients with and without sebaceous gland diseases (chi(2) = 150.743; P = 0.000). Gastrointestinal dysfunction is an important risk factor for diseases of the sebaceous glands and is correlated with their occurrence and development.

Objective To investigate the effect of sodium nitrite on expression of vimentin in primary cultured sertoli cells of rat.Methods The toxicity of sodium nitrite on primary cultured sertoli cells was determinated by MTT and the IC50 of sodium nitrite was calculated.The expressions of sodium nitrite on vimentin in sertoli cells were examined by immunocytochemistry.Results When the dosage of sodium nitrite was 0.015 0 g/L,the cells would be damaged and there were dose-effect relationships between the dosages of sodium nitrite and inhibition ratios of sertoli cells.IC50 of sodium nitrite was 1.17 g/L.The average gray scales of experiment groups were much higher than those of the controls(P0.05)and standard deviation was 1.14 g/L.Conclusion Sodium nitrite could affect the expressions of vimentin in sertoli cells of rat.

Objective:To study the influencing factors,and to provide basis for further improving curative effect of Monilial vaginitis with ozone liquid.Methods:307 clinical cases were investigated through questionnaire and treated by ozone liquid from June 2004 to March 2005.Results:The clinical cure rate was 83.7%.Multiple analyses results showed that the influencing factors were washing vulva before sexual intercourse(OR=1.336,P=0.090)and washing vulva after sexual intercourse(OR=1.621,P=0.003).Conclusion:Competitive and successive interventions should be used to improve curative effect of Monilial vaginitis,especially improving sanitary behaviors in couples.

[Objective]To detect the DNA damage induced by sodium nitrite in the sertoli cells of rats.[Methods]The sertoli cells were isolated with the cold trypsin digestion method. Single-cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE)was used to detect the DNA damage induced by sodium nitrite in the sertoli cells. There were six dose groups in this test. They included 1.5 μg/ml,15 μg/ml,150 μg/ml and 1 500 μg/ml concentration groups of sodium nitrite,PBS negative control group and mitomycin C(20 μg/ml)positive control group.[Results]When the dose of sodium nitrite was 15 μg/ml,the rate of tailing cells had a significant difference comparing with the negative control group(χ2 = 18.320,P = 0.000). But in the objective variables such as tail length,the tail/head(length),tail moment,this group had no significant difference comparing to negative control group. In the dose of 150 μg/ml,the difference in all variables was significant. As the dose increased,the extent of DNA damage increased significantly. There was an obvious dose-effect relationship.[Conclusion]NaNO2 can induce DNA damage in sertoli cells of rates,but only when the dose at 150 μg/ml,the effects of injury can be observed clearly.

[Objective]To explore the effects of Sodium Nitrite(NaNO2)on chromosome aberration in lung cells of Chinese hamster.[Methods]The effect of NaNO2 on the IC50 of CHL cells was determined,these Chinese hamsters were divided into different groups in line with different dosage to perform the official test so that to observe the chromosome aberration status with S9 and without,and the results were determined according to the standardized criteria.[Results]When the concentrations of NaNO2 were 128,12.8 and 1.28 μg/ml without S9,the chromosome aberration rates were at the range of 5% to 10%,which was suspected to be positive. While the Chinese hamsters in group with high concentration of 1.28mg/ml,the chromosome aberration rate was at the range of 10% to 20%,which showed to be positive reaction. When adding S9 after treating with NaNO2,the chromosome aberration rates of CHL cells induced by the dosage groups with the concentration of 12.8 μg/ml and 1.28 μg/ml were at the range of 5% to 10%,which was suspected to be positive. While the chromosome aberration rates in groups at the concentration of 128 μg/ml and 1.28mg/ml were at the range of 10% to 20%,which showed to be positive reaction.[Conclusion]NaNO2 can induce chromosome aberration in CHL cells at the concentration of 1.28mg/ml.

目的:探讨臭氧液治疗阴道炎的临床有效性。为进一步改进阴道炎的治疗方法提供依据。方法:通过妇科普查和门诊就诊,收集确诊为阴道炎的患者,有效资料1263例。采用流行病学问卷调查的方法,收集每一位患者的人口学特征及相关卫生行为信息。将病例随机分为2组,1组采用臭氧液治疗,另1组采用常规药物治疗。通过体征、症状的改善情况及实验室检查结果来判定治疗效果。采用χ2检验和Logistic回归分析法进行统计分析。结果:臭氧液治疗阴道炎636例,临床治愈率69.8%,显效率10.2%,有效率17.6%,总有效率97.6%。与常规药物组对比疗效无差异。无明显的副作用。结论:臭氧液是一种安全、经济、疗效好的治疗阴道炎新方法,值得推广。

Objective To study the relationship between psychological character, encountered pressure, handling mode and suicidal ideation of undergraduates. Methods With convenient sampling, 974 undergraduates were investigated with uniform questionnaire at some universities in Guangzhou City. One-way logistic regression and multi-factor logistic regression were adopted to identify risk factors for suicidal ideation. Results Among 974 undergraduates, 14.6% of male and 17.5% of female were reported to have suicidal ideation, without difference in statistics. The rate of suicidal ideation in overseas Chinese students (18.8%) was higher than that from inland (11.2%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the major risk factors for suicidal ideation were inferiority complex (OR=4.072), no communication with others when facing problems (OR=2.263), and having pressures from learning and living (OR=1.597), while the protective factors for suicidal ideation were physical training to relax (OR=0.519). Conclusions A correct attitude toward life and frustrations should be established for undergraduates to improve their mentality and prevent suicidal ideation.

Objective To assess the prevalence and risk factors of seborrhoeic dermatitis in adolescents,and to provide evidence for the preventive measures.Methods With cross-sectional study,a questionnaire survey for the epidemiological information of seborrhoeic dermatoses was carried out among 4 600 students from seven middle schools in Macao.All the data were analyzed with SPSS 10.0.Results The incidence of seborrhoeic dermatitis was 2.7% in Macao adolescents,and 2.5% for male and 2.9% for female(χ~2=0.594,P=0.441).There were differences in incidence rates between different age groups(χ~2=16.529,P=0.035),but no difference was found in female(χ~2=6.032,P=0.644).The peak age of incidence was 17-year-old in female and 18-year-old in male.Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the related factors of seborrhoeic dermatitis were upper bellyache, windy,break wind frequently and rich androgen.Conclusion The incidence of seborrhoeic dermatitis is lower in Macao adolescents.The associated factors of a seborrhoeic dermatitis are incretion and gastrointestinal dysfunction.

Objectives To assess the prevalence of and risk factors for some sebaceous glands diseases (seborrhoeic dermatitis, acne, seborrhoeic alopecia and rosacea) and their relation to gastrointestinal dysfunction in adolescents. Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out for the epidemiologic information of sebaceous glands diseases from September to October 2001. A total of 4 600 youngsters aged from 12 to 20 years were recruited from 7 middle schools in Macau by random cluster sampling. The statistical software of SPSS 10.0 was used to analyze the data. Results The prevalence of seborrhoeic dermatitis, acne, seborrhoeic alopecia and rosacea was 2.7%, 45.5%, 1.6% and 0.7% respectively. Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, the risk factors of sebaceous glands diseases included age, gastrointestinal dysfunction, season (summer), spicy and fried food, a family history of acne and the presence of long hairs on areolae of breasts. Gastrointestinal dysfunction was correlated with the incidence rates of seborrhoeic dermatoses (P = 0.007, OR = 1.208, 95% C.I 1.053 ~ 1.385). Conclusion Gastrointestinal dysfunction is an important risk factor for diseases of the sebaceous glands and correlates with the occurrence and development of these diseases.