中华文明上下五千年的历史进程中,无数清官名臣的光辉事迹被载入史册,其中蕴含着尊老孝亲、治国安邦、作风俭廉、忧国忧民、敢于担当等丰富内涵和精神特质的人格力量也随之流芳千古、熠熠生辉.当前我国正处于推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化建设的关键时期,应深刻总结古代清官人格力量的形成机制,探寻其向现代转换的实现路径,建构新时代的政德文化:弘扬古代清官"修身正己"的人格力量,提高领导干部自持力;弘扬古代清官"勤政恤民"的人格力量,增强领导干部为民意识;弘扬古代清官"为政俭廉"的人格力量,引导领导干部廉洁从政.

社会转型期深层、深刻、深度的整体性、系统性、结构性变革,引发了社会局部道德问题叠加发酵的"蝴蝶效应",现代性道德困境引发了人的心灵秩序的时代隐忧和社会表征,并逐渐聚合和集中呈现为人的心灵秩序的功利化、碎片化和冷漠化.社会进入新时代的显要标志,首先应该是人具有美好心灵、追求美好人生、共享美好生活.因此,整个社会要更为关注人的内心世界、灵魂深处、心灵滋养的真正需求和合理诉求,透过人的心灵秩序隐忧这一社会转型特殊现象,多维探析其外在表征和发展样态,科学揭示其内在机理和实践逻辑,合力净化整个社会生态,协同优化人的心灵秩序,努力建构起契合新时代特质、彰显新时代精神、供养新时代思想的心灵秩序,从而真正推进每一个人的自由而全面发展,最终实现整个人类幸福而美好的意义.

制定家训是中华传统家庭教育和道德教育的鲜明特色,是轨物范世的生动教材,立意教诲子孙后代修身养性、为人处世、持家治业.历代家训著作多见,其基本的训义存在共通之处,主要包括六个方面:修身齐家、家法国法、和睦宗族乡里、孝敬父母长辈、注重礼教名分、规制祭祀追思程序.家训文化的背后折射出传统社会独特的文化镜像:原始宗教敬畏心理的延续、光宗耀祖普遍心理的映射、道德伦理诉求心理的显现.深层蕴含着三个鲜明的文化取向,即强化修身养性之道、注重家风传承之实、彰显家国天下之情,这有利于弘扬中华文化,建设中华民族共同精神家园.

揭示传统清官人格的道德动因,应该秉承唯物史观从"三个维度"加以整体性、宏观域、发展性研究:一是探寻哲学基点,从"天人之辩"的理论思维加以追问.对于自然的本能敬畏和神格崇拜心理,催生了道德的意义和遵循道德的原始起点,引发了传统视域下对天道敬畏的理论命题,萌生出神秘的生命情怀.二是立足治国理政,从"德治之基"的实践思维加以追寻.道德人的价值诉求和道德教化的治理功效,孕育和推进了传统社会的德治思维和德化路向,培育出浓郁的家国情怀.三是回归终极理想,从"民本之要"的价值思维加以揭秘.无论是个体的圣贤追寻还是整体的政治理想,最终都是为了人的意义,目标都指向人的主体性实现,是"天人合一"命题的真正超越,彰显出鲜明的人民情怀.因此,传统清官人格是生命情怀、家国情怀和人民情怀"三位一体"的集中体现和价值升华.

先秦儒家义利观的“重义轻利”并非其思想内核,而“重义尚利”则是其思想实质.先秦儒家义利观对义的推崇,理论上是一种“义以为上”的道德理想,实践中是一种“见利思义”的道德约束,但这并不意味着是对利的全盘否定和彻底批判,而是强调利的获取要有义、有道、有德、有法.在先秦儒家义利观的启示下,建构新时代义利整体发展观,应该建构义与利相统一的价值观、义与利相协调的利益观、义与利相协同的道德观,以此达成物质追求和精神安顿的双重超越,真正实现人的幸福生活意义.

榜样文化是中华优秀传统文化和革命文化以及社会主义先进文化的核心意蕴,是中华民族的精神家园和文化图腾.新时期传承与弘扬榜样文化,显得尤为重要.榜样不是先天生成的,而是后天培育的,遵循着系统而整体的逻辑机制.在时空逻辑上,呈现传统与现代同频共振的发展态势;在生成逻辑上,建构官方与民间协同创新的整体格局;在实践逻辑上,彰显传承与发展融为一体的道德生态,以此合力营造榜样培育的良好氛围,全力提升新时期榜样教育的吸引力和针对性.

社会转型意味着社会的整体变迁和深度变革,必然会对榜样的典型效应产生深度的影响.社会转型境域下榜样疏离现象,其生成的背后隐藏着多元的发生机制,即榜样人格时代转型、功利主义肆意盛行、文化境域多元复杂、实践脱离生活场域、偶像崇拜强力冲击.榜样疏离现象,呈现的是社会转型期的道德阵痛,但也应引起人们思想上的高度关注和理论上的深刻反思,并在实践层面多措并举,合力消解这一现实道德难题.

社会转型意味着社会系统性、根本性、发展性的整体性变革,是现代性浪潮的必然结果.清官文化是传统廉政文化中的宝贵财富,然而社会转型中的清官文化呈现出现代性疏离困境,其中原因多维复杂,主要体现在:道德动因多元化、传统文化惯性化、社会发展现代性、价值取向功利性、宣传教育空洞化、媒体生态庸俗化.因此,必须立足"三维"(战略思维、逻辑思维、实践思维),有力促进清官文化的生成培育;注重"三转"(工作理念、工作艺术、工作作风),努力扩展清官文化的辐射传播;夯实"三力"(廉洁力、传播力、支撑力),大力提升清官文化的认同内化.

The inner logic of the strong relation and interaction between innovation and morality is more highlight?ed in the social transition period. The innovative activities in social field is a coin of two sides, and will caused disas?trous evils if they are conducted without moral supports and references, which can only be dispelled by morality. There?fore, it is both significant and urgent to probe into and reflect on various innovative activities within the moral field. We should cultivate and practice morality in innovation at all levels of the society, dispel the effects and impacts of the evil brought by innovation, and propel the integrity, harmony and progress of innovation and morality, so as to de?velop an innovative society healthfully and coordinately.

Effectiveness evaluation is an important component of honest education, an important ring in the chain of the process of honest education, and plays a role of cohesion and feedback, thus having profound theoretical significance and practical val-ue. effectiveness evaluation of Integrity education in practice is faced with the following“five major predicaments”in the value, the transformation, the standard, the benefits and the technique. Under the new situation, the scientific construction and overall development of methods for effectiveness evaluation must follow the principles of “three insistences and three connections,”namely, adherence to the priority of qualitative evaluation while combining qualitative evaluation with quantitative evaluation;adherence to the priority of dynamic evaluation while combining dynamic evaluation with static evaluation; adherence to the priority of recessive evaluation while combining recessive evaluation with dominant evaluation so that a comprehensive strength-ening of the effectiveness of honest education can be achieved to continuously improve the scientific level of honest education.

人的道德修养,不仅生成于其生活所依托的微生态,而且更为受制于其所处的宏观社会形态.任何脱离社会生活历史进程的道德实践无疑是一种自我放逐,必将处于逐步疏离化、边缘化的尴尬境地.社会形态由同质性向异质性的深度转换,必然要求传统道德修养模式要及时顺应和努力契合现代社会发展的内在逻辑和本真需求,逐步实现从封闭到开放、从整体到个性、从传统到现代、从理想到现实的整体性转型,以建构合乎中国当代社会公民生活方式和道德意愿的现代性道德修养模式,从而有力推进社会转型期道德实践的有序良性发展.

马克思恩格斯新闻自由思想以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义为阐释基石与逻辑起点,有一个在实践中不断认识、丰富和发展的跃迁过程.对自由和新闻本真内涵的揭示,是马克思恩格斯新闻自由思想的溯源;对书报检查制度的声讨,是马克思恩格斯阐述新闻自由思想的发端;《新莱茵报》的创办,马克思恩格斯高扬起无产阶级新闻自由的旗帜;对资产阶级新闻自由思想的革命性超越,马克思恩格斯奠定了无产阶级新闻自由的根基.

“Welfare monopoly”in essence is a kind of corruption. The breeding and spreading of the phenomenon has caused a series of negative effects, distorting the rational allocation of resources, affecting the social fairness and justice, intensifying the agglomeration of social contradictions and thus hindering the process of a harmonious society. To completely contain and elimi-nate the corruption of “welfare monopoly”, we must seek a way of crack from the source. We should set about from the“monopoly”itself, strengthen supervision and pay attention to the long-term effects. First, it’s of significance to trace the source and deeply analyze its breeding mechanism. Second, it’s necessary to introduce the competition system and eliminate its soil of survival. Third, it’s critical to pay attention to an over-all governance and comprehensively construct a supervision mechanism of“welfare monopoly”.

道德也是一种生产力,应该在全社会树立道德的权威.人民群众对社会主义核心价值观的认同,离不开榜样的示范引领,我国政府历来注重榜样的培育与传播,并取得了丰硕的成果.但不可否认的是,在新形势下我国主流媒体宣传榜样的影响力已悄然弱化,所以,我们要通过厘清榜样宣传影响力弱化的原因机制,不断彰显榜样的力量,为不断提升社会主义核心价值观的认同度提供路径.

In the era of "mass microphone",network public opinions are diversified,complicated,and changing rapidly. In this case the mainstream media are supposed to strengthen their role in guiding public opinions in a positive way,reinforcing their major positions and manifesting their positive attitudes. They should enhance comprehensively their role in guiding network public opinions so as to provide powerful public support in opinion polls for the realization of Chinese Dream of Rejuvenation. To this regard,the mainstream media should correctly position themselves and strengthen their connotation construction. They should construct a scientific and effective monitoring system,grasp the key links so as to improve their role in guiding the public opinions,and seek out the regularities so as to enhance their ability in dealing with public opinion crisis. %

Marxist strong vitality ,guiding force and influence which come from practice will be put back into it in return .Otherwise Marxism will be shelved into rigid dogma .Therefore the transformation from theoretical study to practical field on Marxism in universities becomes an important route of contem-porary Chinese Marxist practice ,and its essence is to arouse the enthusiasm ,initiative and creativity of Marxist theorists to innovate the popularization and diversification of social practical implementations in or-der to exert its practical guidance in building a moderately prosperous society ,accelerating the socialist modernization ,and realizing the"Chinese dream"-the great rejuvenation of China .

In some typical serious cases of corruption during the recent years, the corruption committed by "naked officials" is serious. The black holes of the corruption committed by "naked officials" don’t lie in "being naked" but "escaping". The corruption mechanism of "naked officials" is mainly driven by the absence of their beliefs, loopholes in the regulatory system, and the enormous benefits and low cost once they escape abroad. Therefore, to achieve the effectiveness in the treatment of the corruption by "naked officials", we must strengthen and emphasize the institutional anti-corruption at the same time. First, we must pay attention to the construction and continuously improve the ability of predicting the corruption. Second, we must strengthen the supervision and promote the ability of preventing the corruption. Last, we must stress cooperation and enhance the ability of controlling the corruption from all aspects.

moral education should return to life,from the educational impact of external to internal curing modes of thought and to consciously practice,and ultimately achieve the ultimate goal of moral education.Theory of life moral education,we can interpret the profound connotation of scientific,comprehensive grasp its essence,enhance the effectiveness of moral education under the new situation.At present,cultivating and practicing socialist core values,colleges and universities must integrate the advantages of resources,efforts to expand the education paths and carriers,form the resultant force of education situation,construct the normal mechanism of college moral life.

社会主义核心价值体系重在建设,在从理论形态到实践形态转化的过程中,典型案例是一种具有很好说服力的价值载体,是社会主义核心价值体系推广普及的重要前提。普及社会主义核心价值体系,必须总结国内外核心价值理论研究和实践模式,尤其是我国改革开放以来的经验,并在上述基础上进行综合创新,从而探索社会主义核心价值体系建设的有效途径和长效机制。

高校师德建设与大学生成长成才教育两者之间存在重大关联性与互补性。抓好高校师德建设与大学生成长成才教育对国家、社会、高等教育、高校及其师生都有重要的意义。可通过思想政治工作、建立立体工作格局与制度长效机制及加强探讨等不断加强和改进。