课程建设影响着人才培养的方向,针对我院新开设的医学实验技术专业培养目标,医学微生物学课程进行了系列改革,主要包括两大方面,教学内容与考核方式的改革.教学内容的改革分为两部分,理论与实验教学内容的改革,理论主要涉及绪论课时增加,教学内容模块化,教学手段多样化;实验教学内容的改革,包括实验内容综合性、设计性、连续性与模块化.考核方式改革多样化则由过程性评价与终结性评价相结合,分别占总成绩的30％和70％,极大地提高了学生及格率.因此,围绕专业发展目标,优化教学内容,多种教学方法手段使用,可以提高学生学习兴趣,提高教学质量.

随着医疗信息日益国际化,生物医学和健康领域对外交流日益增加,医学英语作为医学信息获取、加工、表达的基本工具,其重要性日益凸显.对医学生而言,良好的专业英语基础和医学英语应用能力对今后的发展至关重要.许多语言学习理论强调语言教学的互动性原则,而"合作学习"提供了合作者更多交流的机会.本研究以本校医学检验技术专业学生为对象,尝试将小组合作学习引入医学英语课堂,通过考试成绩、问卷调查等结果,显示合作学习是一种有效的医学英语教学模式,教学效果良好,为后续的教学改革奠定基础.

词汇是检验医学英语学习的重点和难点.思维导图作为表达发散性思维的有效图形思维工具,从词汇的结构、词源、专业课程的特点等方面运用思维导图引导学生学习专业英语词汇,通过问卷星调查和课堂效果观察,运用思维导图能帮助学生提高专业英语学习兴趣和学习能力.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the main causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which has high morbidity and mortality. It mainly threatens children under six years of age. Because of a poor understanding of its pathogenesis, there are no effective drugs to control EV71 infection. Previous studies showed that EV71 infection induced autophagy and the production of cytokine IL-6. However, the underlying mechanisms between autophagy and the production of IL-6 induced by EV71 remain unclear. This study aimed to reveal the regulatory mechanisms between autophagy and the expression of IL-6 induced by EV71 infection. Our results showed that the proliferation of human gastric epithelial (GES-1) cells was inhibited by EV71 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, EV71 induced autophagy in GES-1 cells. EV71 infection promoted the expression and the release of IL-6 to the extracellular space, although the expression and release were inhibited by autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (CQ) in GES-1 cells. The phosphorylated levels of p38MAPK and ERK proteins in GES-1 cells also increased after infection with EV71, and these changes were also reversed by 3-MA and CQ treatment. Our findings suggested that EV71-induced autophagy regulated the production of IL-6 through the p38MAPK and ERK signaling pathways.

乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)是当前危害我国乃至世界各国民众身体健康的严重传染病之一. 近些年来,乙肝的发病率居高不下,又因其病情迁延不愈,给患者、家庭和社会造成沉重的经济负担. 《本科医学教育标准—临床医学专业(试行)》要求本科临床医学专业毕业生掌握传染病的发生、 发展以及传播的基本规律,掌握常见传染病的防治原则;能够对患者和公众进行疾病预防等方面知识的宣传教育.为实现这样的目标,医学生在校学习期间应该掌握相关知识. 本研究通过调查某医学院校大学生对乙肝防治相关知识的掌握情况以及对待乙肝的态度,为今后在高校开展乙肝健康教育工作提供科学依据.

目的 为适应现代医学的发展与教学理念转变,与国家教育标准相对应,对本校2013-2015级5年制临床医学专业学生的医学微生物学教学进行了连续三年的教学模式的改革,并对实际效果进行分析.方法 将临床本科学生随机分为两组,教改组课堂上采用案例引入式教学与课后PBL相结合的方法,对照组采用传统教学法授课.结果 教改组医学微生物考试总成绩与临床分析问题能力明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),两组学生对记忆性知识掌握程度上无明显差异.结论 案例引入法与PBL相结合的教学模式极大地提高了学生的学习兴趣和临床思维能力.

Objective To study the prevalence of occupational exposure to blood-borne substance and its influencing factors among medical practice students.Methods A stratified cluster sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 510 graduates from a medical college.The data were analyzed with SAS 9.1 software.Results During the one-year practice,27.70% of the students had experienced occupational exposure to blood-borne substance.Exposure due to splashing into mucosa,sharp injuries,and contaminating wound accounted for 31.19%,66.06%,and 2.75% for all exposures,respectively.For the exposure events,68.93% were registered and 84.47% were treated immediately.The results of analyses showed education background,profession,the knowledge of protection,and the situation of training were correlated with the rates of exposure(P<0.05).Logistic regression analyses showed that the involement in nursing or laboratory work and without the knowledge of how to deal with the contaminated sharp waste were the independent risk factors for the exposure.Compared with clinical profession,the risks of nursing and laboratory profession increased by 64% and 287%,respectively.The exposure risk for the students who did not know how to deal with the contaminated sharp waste was 1.64 times higher than that of whom knew the knowledge.Conclusion The practice students are at a high risk of occupational exposure to blood-borne substance.The students majored in laboratory and nursing,and who did not know how to deal with the contaminated sharp waste are prone to the exposure.

OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between H.pylori density,cagA gene and gastric disease. METHODS Gastric mucosa were biopsied under endoscopy from patients with chronic gastric disease,Isolation,rapid urease test and Warthin-Starry silver stain were used for determining H.pylori infection and its density grade. CagA was determined by PCR. SPSS software was used to analysis the data. RESULTS ①The total rate of H pylori infection in patients with gastric disease was 84.6%,the positive rate of cagA was 62.5%,and the rate of patients with chronic gastritis,gastric atypical hyperplasia and gastric cancer were 58.0%,70.6% and 72.2%,respectively. There were no significant differences among them(P﹥0.05).②The distribution of H.pylori colonization density in patients with gastric disease were:grade 1:16(13.0%),grade 2:44(35.8%),and grade 3 44(35.8%),respectively;The patients with chronic gastritis were:grade 1:13(15.9%),grade 2:24(29.3%)and grade 3:32(39.0%),respectively;The patients with atypical hyperplasia were:grade 1:1(5.0%),grade 2:8(40.0%)and grade 3:8(40.0%),respectively;The patients with gastric cancer were:grade 1:2(9.5%),grade 2:12(57.1%)and grade 3:4(19.0%),respectively. There were no significant differences among them(P﹥0.05). CONCLUSION The prevalence of cagA is higher with severity of gastric disease. while the density of H.pylori has little correlation with it. More investigations to address this correlation are necessary.

医学微生物学存在术语多、易混淆、难记忆的特点.在术语教学过程中,运用双语语义分析法,不但有利于学生准确理解概念,更重要的是激发了学生的学习兴趣,培养了学生的学习能力,而且还充实了教师备课、讲课的内容,达到教学双赢的目的.

中国自1985年发现首例艾滋病(AIDS)患者以来,截至2009年年底,艾滋病病毒感染者和患者约有74万,而且疫情正从高危人群向一般人群扩散,部分地区呈现高流行态势[1].高职医学院校是为医疗和科研机构培养技术性人才的重要基地,毕业生在将来的工作或深造岗位上可能存在更大的医源性和实验室暴露机会.

通过观察近千例学生操作步骤、亲自操作以及查阅文献,解析学生实验"ABO血型测定" 结果不一致的原因.发现ABO血型测定结果矛盾的原因是:正向定型玻片法灵敏度低;学生操作技术不规范或者抗原、抗体反应条件不当;低质量的血清试剂;献血车上测定结果可能错误以及其他小概率事件等.因此在教学实验过程中要求:规范学生操作,培养基本技能;尽量选用质量稳定、可靠的试剂,培养科学的态度;要重视学生实验中发现的意外结果,培养学生的创新思维.

婴儿高压氧舱治疗为小儿脑损伤的康复开辟了新的途径,高压氧能明显提高脑组织的血氧含量,促进损伤的脑组织修复,改善脑循环,减轻脑水肿,阻断神经元凋亡,促进缺血半暗带恢复,对神经细胞再生、神经功能恢复起到药物无法替代的作用[1].

先天性心脏病患儿介入手术后并发症的观察和护理对提高手术治愈率有着重要的意义.我科2005年6月-2007年6月成功实施介入手术治疗49例先天性心脏病患儿,均获得较好的临床效果.现将护理介绍如下.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy as an adjunctive therapy for children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Methods Seventy-one children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy aged 6 mouths to 2 years were randomly assigned to a HBO group ( n = 35 ) or a control group ( n = 36).All children were given conventional rehabilitative treatment, but the children in the HBO group in addition received 40 sessions of HBO therapy. HBO was administered for 1 h with 85% ～ 90% oxygen at 1.4 atmospheres absolute pressure. All the treatments in both groups continued for 8 weeks. Gross motor function was evaluated with a gross motor function measure ( GMFM ), global motor performance was assessed with a psychomotor development index (PDI), and intelligence was assessed with a mental development index (MDI). Clinical assessments were done before and after treatment. At the same time, hearing impairment was measured using brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) in the HBO group. Results All outcomes in both groups improved significantly over the course of study. The average improvement in GMFM in the control group was significantly greater than in the HBO group but other differences were not statistically significant. Hearing impairment developed in 8 children treated with HBO.Conclusion There was no evidence that HBO therapy improved the condition of children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy, and there is a risk of side effects with HBO therapy.

中国《面向21世纪教育振兴行动计划》和《关于深化教育改革全面推行素质教育的决定》将信息素质纳入素质教育之中,信息道德是其中的重要组成部分。但目前医学生的信息道德令人堪忧,图书馆做为医学院信息的主要提供者要加强对医学生的信息道德教育。

在知识性社会中,社会发展日新月异、科技进步突飞猛进,读者需求不断变化,对信息的需求呈现出个性化、专门化和多样化的特点。在这样的形势下,图书馆管理和服务也面临着巨大挑战。

近年来婴儿高压氧舱冶疗发展较快,安伞是高压氧治疗的生命,本文探讨有关婴儿高压氧舱安全治疗问题. 1.婴儿高压氧舱治疗与减压病减压病是一种因机体在高压环境下停留一定时间后,突然同到常压下(压力降低过快),溶解于体内的氮气游离出来而引起的疾病.有学者认为常规的高压氧治疗不会造成减压病[1].由于减压病定义的气体是氮气,而婴儿高压氧舱中氮气的浓度一般为0～20%,舱压1.4～2.0 ATA.

目的 寻找一种简便且费用较低的幽门螺杆菌临床菌株的分离培养方法,以提高幽门螺杆菌临床菌株的培养阳性率.方法 将284例胃黏膜标本采用盲涂法接种于含10%绵羊血的哥伦比亚选择性培养基上,并对其中的40例胃黏膜标本采用二氧化碳培养箱法(5%～10%CO2)和有机玻璃罐中充入混合气体法(5%02、10%CO2、85%N2)进行对照培养,培养3～7天后,把分离培养成功的幽门螺杆菌临床菌株经革兰染色及生化反应鉴定后,保存于-80℃冰箱.结果 有机玻璃罐中充入混合气体法优于二氧化碳培养箱法.结论 有机玻璃罐中充入混合气体法更适合于幽门螺杆菌临床菌株的分离培养,且幽门螺杆菌临床菌株的培养阳性率与入选病人的性别、年龄无关.

微生物学是一门临床基础课,以形态学知识为主,但同时又涉及学生尚未接触的临床问题,因此要使之与临床有机结合,提高学生学习兴趣,就必须改变传统的教学方法与手段,引入病例,设计实验,来提高教学效果与学生的综合素质。

中性粒细胞(小吞噬细胞)吞噬功能实验是医学免疫学中的一个必修实验,该实验涉及到很多学科知识的应用.阐述了该实验进行过程中需要注意的事项及改进方法.