当今医学专业课教学中人文精神缺失,难以满足社会对兼具高尚医德和精湛医务技术的新一代医学人才的需求.本文阐述了医学专业课教学中人文精神渗透的重要性,并就人文精神在医学微生物学教学中的渗透进行了初步的探索和实践.通过树立医学人文精神理念、提升教师的人文素养、发掘微生物发展史上重要人物和事件中的人文素材、融医德教育于医学微生物教学中等途径,提高学生学习的兴趣、增强学生的科学思维和素养、加强学生的爱国主义精神、增强学生的社会责任感和使命感.

Objective To detect the IL-37,TGF-β,IFN-γ,TNG-α and IL-1 level in patients with rheumatoid arthritis( RA) and the mRNA levels in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells,in order to investigate IL-37 with Rheumatoid Arthritis and the correlation mechanism. Methods Collect the serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of RA patients and normal controls,then detect levels of various cytokines and mRNA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA) and real-time PCR. Detect the serum of 30 RA patients and 20 normal controls' cytokines and mRNA level,to investigate the inhibitory mechanism. Finally,we use statistical methods to analyze the correlation between IL-37 and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Results ①The expression level of IL-37 in RA patients who before and after treatment were significantly higher than those of the normal group,the difference was statistically significant( P 0. 05). ②The expression level of IFN-γ,TNG-α,IL-1 in RA patients were significantly higher than those of the normal controls,IL-37 and inflammatory factors involved in the development of Rheumatoid Arthritis. ③RA serum IL-37 were positively correlated with disease severity.( before treatment r = 0. 854,P 0. 05,after treatment r = 0. 563,P 0. 05). Conclusion IL-37 as a basis for the inhibitory factor,inhibit inflammatory cytokines by negative feedback regulation mechanism,when IL-37 can not maintain the immune balance,excessive expression of inflammatory cytokines caused the damage of RA patients. We confirmed experimentally,there was a certain relationship between IL-37 and the onset and progression of RA,which provided a new basis for treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis.

白细胞介素（IL ）-37是2000年发现的IL-1家族的新成员，并在2001年根据其前体肽命名为IL家族的第七因子IL-1F。其功能为一个基本的先天炎症免疫抑制剂。目前，关于IL-37与自身免疫病类风湿关节炎（RA ）之间关系的研究仍然处于空白。RA是一种以炎症反应造成的肉芽组织和纤维增生，使得关节腔内的血供严重受损的免疫系统疾病。严重的缺血使得局部出现坏死，以累及周围关节为主，其基本病理改变为滑膜炎。RA 的滑膜组织中有大量的CD4＋ T 细胞及其分泌的IL-2、干扰素（IFN ）-γ等细胞因子。此外尚包含有大量的巨噬细胞及其分泌的细胞因子，如肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α、IL-1、IL-6、TNF-β及 IL-8等［1］。IL-37作为一种抗炎性细胞因子，可能在自身免疫病中起到抑制过度炎症反应、保护机体自身的作用［2］。

Objective To observe the change of UV radiation resistance -associated gene (UVRAG) protein levels after starvation-induced cell autophagy and to determine the relationship between UVRAG degradation and autophagy.Methods Western blotting was performed to detect the UVRAG levels in cells treated with autophagy inhibitors (3-MA or E64d and pepstatin) or not after starvation-induced cell autophagy.Results Starvation promoted the conversion of LC3-Ⅰ to LC3-Ⅱ, and the degradation of P62, and it induced the cell autophagy.The degradation of UVRAG was suppressed after the use of autophagy inhibitors 3-MA, E64d or pepstatin.Conclusions Starvation-induced autophagy may contribute to the degradation of UVRAG .

<正>高职护理专业是以培养护理技能型人才为目标,重在培养学生的护理技能和职业素养,这就要求其教学目标必须贴近临床、服务临床,教学过程要充分以护理工作过程为导向[1]。《病原生物与免疫学》属于护理专业必修的医学基础课中和临床关系相对较为密切的一门课程,也是是高职护理专业学生必修的

<正>随着医疗水平的不断提高,临床用血量也在不断增加,为保障人民群众临床用血安全,我国政府发布了一系列有关血站献血专业执业的政策法规,充分显示了输血医学的重要性。输血医学是一门实用性很强的学科,其内容长期以来缺乏系统性,致使输血医学教育发展的主要路径不清晰,反过来又制约了输血

Objective To investigate the clinical distribution and antibiotic susceptility of psetutomonas aeruginosa in Yuncheng to provide the basis for reasonable use of drugs in clinical pracice.Methods The collection and culture of the clinical isolates of psetutomonas aeruginosa,bacteria identification and susceptibility testing were done by ATB auto microbial systerm.Results The pseudomonas aeruginosa mainly separate in the sputamentum by the respiratory infections primarily.The resistance rates of PA to AK.AN,CAZ,FEP,CIP,CN.GM,TIP were higher than 40%,the resistant rate to TIENAM was lower(27.83%).Conclusion Paeruginosa is still a major pathogenic bacterium,producing multi-drug resistance.It is very important to survey the susceptibilities of PA to antibiotic.

Objective To detect the plasma E-selectin and S128R gene polymorphisms in patients(pts)with cerebral infarction in Shanxi Han population.Methods Genotypes of E-selectin in 73 patients(pts)with infarction and 85 controls were typed by polymerase-chain-reaction-restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measured plasma E-selectin.Results Three genotype(SS,SR,RR)were found.There was significant difference in frequencies of allele and genotype in E-selectin S128R polymorphism between pts group and control group(P<0.05).Relative risk analysis indicated that the risk of cerebral infarction in R allele was 4.958 times higher than that in S allele.The level of E-selectin was increased significantly(t=13.139,P<0.05),and cerebral infarction pts with hyperlipidemia and hypertension had higher levels of plasma E-selectin than that without the above risk factors(P<0.05).Conclusion E-selectin S128R polymorphism was associated with cerebral infarction,and R allele might be a risk factor for cerebral infarction in Shanxi Han population.The level of plasma E-selectin was increased in cerebral infarction,which was correlated with hyperlipidemia and hypertension.

目的 了解山西运城地区铜绿假单胞菌(PA)临床分布及其耐药特点,以指导临床合理用药.方法 从临床各种标本中分离、培养铜绿假单胞菌,采用全自动细菌鉴定及药敏测定仪(ATB)进行细菌的鉴定及药敏分析.结果 铜绿假单胞菌主要分离于痰液,以呼吸道感染为主,对阿米卡星、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、环丙沙星、庆大霉素、特治星(哌拉西林/他唑巴坦)耐药率均大于40%,对泰能(亚胺培南,西司他丁)的耐药率较低(27.83%).结论 山西运城地区铜绿假单胞菌仍是医院病原菌感染的主要致病菌之一,且出现多重耐药性,需加强耐药性监测.

Objective To survey the antibiotic susceptibility and resistance trends of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to 5 Antibi-otics in Shanxi. Methods The susceptibility to 5 antibiotic angents was tested by the disk diffusion method and β-lactamase determined by nitrocefin. Results The resistance rates of 91 strains to penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, spectinomycin were 69.23%, 87.91%, 97.80%, 0, 5.49%,penicillinase-producing neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) accounted for 41.76%, resistance rates of multiple-resistance isolates to 5 antibiotics were 94.51%. Conclusion Penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin cannot be used as routine agents to treat gonorrhea, ceftriaxone and spectinomycin should be used as the first line agents in treating gonorrhea at present in shanxi area. However attention should be paid to the appearance of some resistance strains to spectinomycin.Meanwhile,multi-drugs resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae exists widespreadly.It is of great importance to continuously survey the susceptibilities of NG to antibiotic.

目的 寻找一种简便且费用较低的幽门螺杆菌临床菌株的分离培养方法,以提高幽门螺杆菌临床菌株的培养阳性率.方法 将284例胃黏膜标本采用盲涂法接种于含10%绵羊血的哥伦比亚选择性培养基上,并对其中的40例胃黏膜标本采用二氧化碳培养箱法(5%～10%CO2)和有机玻璃罐中充入混合气体法(5%02、10%CO2、85%N2)进行对照培养,培养3～7天后,把分离培养成功的幽门螺杆菌临床菌株经革兰染色及生化反应鉴定后,保存于-80℃冰箱.结果 有机玻璃罐中充入混合气体法优于二氧化碳培养箱法.结论 有机玻璃罐中充入混合气体法更适合于幽门螺杆菌临床菌株的分离培养,且幽门螺杆菌临床菌株的培养阳性率与入选病人的性别、年龄无关.

Among mechanisms of cortical ingression regarding cytokinesis, contractile ring hypothesis is the most important one.But it is nohow the conclusive one.Some alternative models have been proposed recently and found to be consistent with experimental observations or to be better to interpret biological processes, while some others are still inconsistent with observations.Cytokinesis, as a complicated biological process, appears the nature of biological conservatism and cell-specific diversity.In this article, cortical ingression during early cytokinesis will be discussed.

淋球菌为革兰阴性球菌，椭圆或球形，常成双排列，在5%～10% 二氧化碳的条件下，巧克力 琼脂平板上37℃ 24h培养可形成圆形，中心突起，浅灰色或白色，半透明，表面光滑，有光 泽，边缘整齐的菌落。淋球菌有严格的人类寄生性，一般只寄居在淋病患者泌尿、生殖系统 而引起淋病，淋病是我国重点防治的性传播疾病，治愈患者是控制淋病的重要环节，选择有 效的药物是保证治疗成功的关键。

子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis，EM)，是育龄妇女的常见病、多发病，由EM引起不孕的发病率高达30％～40％。尤其目前对轻症EM不孕患者，是用外科还是内科治疗来提高生育力尚缺乏统一的认识，这其中部分原因是：我们缺乏对EM不孕的病理生理机制的认识。为此本文探讨了轻症EM所致不孕患者的血清、腹腔液IL-6及EMAb水平，将有益于指导EM不孕的临床治疗。

　　双歧杆菌是人类肠道的正常菌群，它在调整肠道某些疾病方面起着重要作用，而它在肿瘤免疫治疗中作为一种生物反应调变剂（biological response modifier, BRM）不仅使实验动物平均存活期延长，死亡率减低，抑瘤率提高，而且可以增强一些免疫细胞活性，但研究尚缺乏深度和全面，本文旨在通过对几项细胞及细胞因子免疫指标的检测来探讨双歧杆菌的部分抗肿瘤免疫机制。 　　

肾综合征出血热(HFRS)流行期间对该病的早期、快速诊断是防治HFRS流行的关键.我们采用金标免疫斑点法快速检测血清中HFRS病毒抗体(IgM,IgG),对临汾地区医院1998年7月～1999年5月间42例经实验诊断和临床最后确诊为流行性出血热的患者标本及27例具有急性发热,有消化道症状,全身酸痛无力,血清ALT增高,蛋白尿阳性等与HFRS有相似症状,但最后确诊为非HFRS的患者作为对照.用金标免疫斑点法进行检测,并与ELISA检测法进行统计学比较,通过分析旨在评价金标法诊断HFRS的准确性及其临床推广价值.