CMK-3, a member of the ordered mesoporous carbon materials, has been considered as one of the most leading electrode materials due to its high conductivity, uniform diameter, an interconnected mesoporous structure with a large pore volume and a highly ordered hexagonal morphology. However, the relatively low specific capacity of CMK-3 can be substantially improved by hybridizing with NiO. Herein, we demonstrate a simple precipitation method followed by a calcination treatment to fabricate ultrathin NiO nanosheets (NiO-NSs) on highly ordered CMK-3 such that the final electrode composite displays a novel nanosheets-mesoporous structure. The as-synthesized electrode composite exhibits excellent electrochemical stability and high rate performance, which can be ascribed to the hybrid structures of NiO-NSs and the conductive mesoporous matrix. The porous ultrathin NiO-NSs and the inner channels of CMK-3 are beneficial for the lithium ion diffusion while the conductive interconnected CMK-3 network is favorable to fast electron transfer. The suggested nanosheet-mesoporous structure provides a promising innovative design for battery electrodes with improved electrochemical performance.

As a member of the ternary metal oxide family, nickel cobaltite is considered as a promising electrode material. This is due to its high theoretical capacity, low diffusional resistance to protons, ease of electrolyte penetration, superior ionic/electronic conductivity and higher electrochemical activity compared to single metallic oxides such as NiO or Co3O4. However, NiCo2O4's relatively low electrical conductivity and its tendency to pulverize due to the volume changes experienced during the charge–discharge process remain a pressing issue to be solved. Here we demonstrate a simple co-precipitation and calcination routine to graft ultrathin NiCo2O4 nanosheets onto highly-ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-3 to form a new mesoporous-nanosheet structure which can accommodate stresses induced by volume changes and provide favourable conducting paths. The material exhibits a high specific surface area and excellent electrochemical performance, which can be ascribed to the ultrathin NiCo2O4 nanosheets and the interconnected conductive network of the mesoporous matrix. The nanosheets and the inner channels of CMK-3 are more beneficial to the diffusion of Li+ while the interconnected conductive network favours fast electron conduction.

文章介绍了分析化学实验课教学方法；从制度管理、安全管理、仪器管理等方面，阐述了分析化学实验室的管理。

通过省级化学实验教学示范中心的建设,在深化实验教学改革,创新实验教学体系,培养创新型人才等方面进行了全方位的探讨.采用改革实验内容、网络信息化管理、开放实验室、创新队伍建设等措施,建立了一套科学化、规范化、信息化、全面开放、高度共享、不断创新的实验教学管理模式,形成以学生为主体,教师为主导,注重培养学生实验技能、科学研究能力和创新能力的实验教学体系,有利于激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学生的综合实践能力,全面提高实验教学质量,培养高素质的创新人才.

以三嵌段共聚物L64为模板剂、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,经水热合成介孔硅材料SBA;以4,4-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)、均苯四甲酸酐(PMDA)为聚合体系并通过原位分散聚合法制备了介孔硅改性聚酰亚胺材料.经过TEM,XRD,红外,TG,膜附着力及工业可靠性测试等手段对所制备的材料进行了结构与性能表征.研究表明,当加入总量的1％的介孔硅时,所得的改性聚酰亚胺膜附着力及热稳定性均有所提高并可用于工业生产.

近年来,西安交通大学化学实验中心在大型仪器设备安全有效使用方面做了一些有益的探索和实践.从提高技术人员的业务素质,开设安全课程,开展岗前培训和组织技术讲座等方面为仪器的安全使用提供了保障.通过建设共享平台,开展开放性实验,加强学院间、校间及校企间合作交流等途径有效提高了仪器的使用率.为解决大型仪器设备使用过程中存在的使用率低和损坏率高的问题提供了可行的思路.

This paper explores how to improve the utilization ratio of instruments,and constructs a mechanism for all-weather open use in our university,that is scientific management,sharing resources.online booking,training assessment,independent operation and opening use,which can play an important role in personnel training and scientific research,and yield the greatest benefit on instruments.

A main chain polyimide containing soft chain was synthesized via 4,4-diaminodiphenyl ether(ODA) and dodecylamine and 3,3′4,4′-diphenyl ether dianhydride(ODPA).Experiment researched the content and properties of adding 6% silane coupling agent KH-550 and 0.1% polysiloxane containing fluoride in PI.The results showed that modified PI adhesion can reach 1,and water content decreased significantly.The experiment results showed that when the KH-550 content reached to 6% can acquire LEVEL 1 adhesion,and 0.1% polysiloxane containing fluoride in PI can significantly decrease PI's water content.The sample's structure was charactered by IR,and the material's thermal stability was checked by TG.At the same time the test results of orientation ability,alignment and industrial reliability showed that the material can be used as the orientation of TN-LCD materials.

One of branched chain polyimide moleculars PIE-(1～3) series were synthesised via 3,5-diamino benzonic acid cetyl alcohol ester(DBAAE),ether diamine and pyromellitic acid dianlydride with a centain ratio,one of which named PID was synthesised via 100 pecentage DBAAE and pyromellitic acid dianlydride.Further,a kind of soluble PI was acuquired via PID dehydration and cyclization in high temperature.PIE-3a was optained bia blending the soluble PI and PIE-3.The samples were characterized by IR,solubility,film toughness,TG,pre-dip test and industrial reliability test.The results showed that: the cured polyimide film had good flexibility and good solubility when DBAAE monomers accout 30% among all the diaminie.With the branched chain parts increasing,the thermal stability gradually declining but still excellent.Imidization rate was significantly increased by blending soluble PI.The mixture exhibited pretilt angle in the region of 4 o~4.5 o to be the LCD alignment meterial,it also exhibited good industrial reliability.

We first demonstrated an application of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) as co-sensitizers of organic dyes in solar cells with a polysulfide electrolyte for obtaining red-shifted light-harvesting. Firstly, the loading of QDs on the co-sensitized electrodes was found to have little influence on the electron transport properties, which mainly depended on the organic dye adsorption. IPCE spectra of the co-sensitized solar cells extended from 570 nm, the organic dye (JK24 and JK28) absorption threshold, to 650 nm due to the adsorption of 4.2 nm diameter CdSe QDs. Secondly, the photovoltaic performance of co-sensitized solar cells correlated significantly with the electrode architecture. With a spatially-organized electrode, on which QDs were mainly located on the back side of TiO2 film and organic dye molecules covered on the front side, the co-sensitized solar cells can maintain IPCE values as high as those obtained from the singly dye sensitized solar cells at short wavelengths of the organic dye photoresponsive region. As the result of the IPCE extension to longer wavelengths and retention at short wavelengths, the co-sensitized solar cells with QDs presented dramatically improved photocurrent and power conversion efficiency. The open-circuit voltage of co-sensitized solar cells was also improved due to an enhanced retardation of charge recombination. Although the photovoltaic performance in our system is still inferior to the best dye-sensitized solar cell system, the success in utilizing QDs as co-sensitizers open up an alternative way to the design of next-generation solar cells.

A coral-like TiO2 film with peculiar morphology was reported in this study. It was composed of submicrometer-sized aggregates of nanocrystalline TiO2 particles and submicrometer-sized micropores. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were assembled based on these TiO2 films. Because of the superior light scattering property and the nature of high electron diffusion coefficient of the coral-like TiO2 electrode, the solar cell presented a red-shifted IPCE spectrum, output a higher photocurrent (15.24 mA cm(-2)) and an improved power conversion efficiency (8.57%), compared with that made from commonly-used TiO2 film. This finding is evident to break through the traditional concept which thinks the aggregation should be avoided in TiO2 films for DSSCs. Therefore, it is necessary to redefine the optimal TiO2 architecture in this field.

Deposition of nanocrystalline TiO2 coating at low temperature is becoming more attractive due to the possibility for continuous roll production of the coating for assembly lines of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) at a low cost. In this study, porous nano-TiO2 coating was deposited by vacuum cold spraying (VCS) at room temperature on a conducting glass substrate using commercial P25 nanocrystalline TiO2 powder. The microstructure of TiO2 coating was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and nitrogen adsorption test. A commercial dye (N719) was adsorbed on the surface of TiO2 particles within the coating to assemble a DSC. The cell performance was evaluated by employing simulated solar light at an intensity of 100 mW/cm(2). The results showed that TiO2 coating was deposited by the agglomerates of nano-TiO2 Powders. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) test of the as-sprayed TiO2 coating yielded a porosity of 49% and an average pore size of 17 nm. The assembled solar cell yielded a short-circuit current density of 7.3 mA/cm(2) and an energy conversion efficiency of 2.4%. The test results indicate that VCS was a promising method to deposit nanocrystalline TiO2 coatings at low temperature applied to DSCs.

In this paper,we have comprehensively recited the several common used preparation methods,appearance,crystal structure and form mechanism of the titanium oxide nanotubes.The present situation and the latest research progress of the titanium oxide nanotubes are summarized.The potential applications in various areas of thetitanium oxide nanotubes are introduced briefly.

Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins modified with nanosized copper particles were synthesized by an in situ polymerization process. X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the copper particles in the resulting PF resins had a spherical geometry with a size of 30-60nm in diameter, and there were about 5% of the particles which were agglomerated. The thermal properties of the resulting PF resins were investigated using TGA. It was found that the copper nanoparticles markedly improved the thermal stability of the PF resins at lower temperatures. The initial decomposition temperature of the modified PF resins could be increased by 47 degrees C compared to unmodified resins. However, the copper nanoparticles increased the rate of degradation of the PF resins at elevated temperatures. The effects of copper nanoparticles on the thermal properties of the PF resins when used as binders for friction materials are beneficial. The toughness of the resulting PF resins was also studied. The results revealed that copper nanoparticles obviously improved the brittleness of the PF resins. The impact strength of the modified PF resins was increased by 66.6% compared to unmodified resins. (C) 2006 Society of Chemical Industry.

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the development of the inorganic semiconductor materials including TiO_2,ZnO and CdS, which are used as the photo-initiators in polymerization. The problem in this research field is proposed that only several kinds of ultraviolet-sensitive inorganic nano-semiconductor powder are used to initiate the polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate. However, visible light sensitive inorganic semiconductors, coatings, other monomers and types of polymerization are still needed to be studied in this filed. Finally, some advices and possible applications are advised.

The cryogenic dielectric and mechanical properties of nanowire-Al 2O3 filled PBT/GF (glass fiber) composites are investigated by combing macro-performances testing and microstructures analysis. Compared with PBT/GF composites, the PBT/GF/Al2O 3 ternary systems present improved tensile strength as well as impact strength. The fracture surface shows a typical toughened characteristic under SEM observation, which may be explained by the "crack bridging" toughening mechanism. At the same time, POM study indicates diminished spherulitic texture for the three phase composites, which is due to nucleating effect of the nanoparticles. DSC and WAXD analysis suggest that nanowire-Al2O3 can hinder the crystal growth and lower the degree of crystallinity. Cryogenic dielectric spectra of the composites showed a broad gamma loss process shifting to low temperature region with the increasing content of Al2O3, which suggested that the existence of the nanowire might facilitate the molecular motions of PBT matrix and improved the low temperature toughness. Suitable amount of Al2O3 can also be helpful to reduce the micro-defects, which may contribute to the higher electrical strength of the systems

Phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resins modified by nanosized copper particles were synthesized by in situ polymerization process. XRD, TEM revealed that the copper particles in the resulting PF resins had a spherical geometry with a measurement of 30–60 nm in diameter, and there were few which were agglomerate. The thermal properties of the prepared PF resins were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was indicated that copper nanoparticles remarkably improved the thermal stability of the PF resins at lower temperature. The initial decomposition temperature of the modified PF resin could increase by 47 °C, compared to the pure one. However, the copper nanoparticles increased the rate of the degradation of the PF resins at the elevated temperature. The effects of copper nanoparticles on the thermal properties of the PF resins, which were used as a matrix of a friction material, were needed. The toughness of the prepared PF resins was also studied. The results revealed that copper nanoparticles obviously improved the brittleness of the PF resins. The impact strength of the modified PF resin might increase by 66.6%, compared to the pure one.

Eu-doped (Y,Gd)BO_3∶Eu phosphor with spherical particle morphology, small size, high crystallinity and good photoluminescence (PL)intensity was prepared by co-precipitation method. Ultrafine precursor powders were obtained by controlling the solution concentration of Y~(3+),Gd~(3+),Eu~(3+) and temperature of system, the precursor is amorphous and soft when the system temperature maintain from 50 ℃ to 70 ℃. The phosphor particle size is influenced by the solution concentration, and the mean size of the (Y,Gd)BO_3∶Eu particles decreased from 2.3 μm to 0.8 μm when the solution concentration changed from 0.2 mol/L to (0.5) mol/L and shifted to the larger size with the further increase of the solution concentration. Conventional solid state (reaction) require higher sintering temperature above 1 200 ℃ for pure (Y,Gd)BO_3∶Eu phase. However, the co-(precipitation) allows a significant decrease of sintering temperature and the phosphor sintered at 800 ℃ have pure orthorborate phase already. The X-ray diffraction peak intensities increased with increasing temperature. The phosphors prepared at different temperature 800, 1 000, 1 200 and 1 300 ℃ were characterized by (X-ray) diffraction, SEM, particle size determination and photoluminescence. In addition, the characteristics of the particle were compared with those of a commercial product. Crystallinity,particle size and luminescence (intensity) are dependent on sintering temperature. The morphology and size of synthesized particles are strongly effected by sintering temperature. The phosphor particles prepared at 1 200 ℃ have the best (characteristics,) such as completely spherical shape, filled morphology, fine particle size, no-aggregation, and the commercial product prepared by conventional solid state reaction has a irregular shape with aggregation, the particles (began) to (agglomerate) and the particle size became larger at an firing temperature of 1 300 ℃. The (luminescence) intensities of the phosphors (increase) with the sintering temperature and the brightness of (phosphor) increase with increasing temperatures due to favorable crystallization and has a maximum values at (1 200 ℃) when excited with UV light. The particles (sintered) at 1 200 ℃ exhibited better morphology than those of a commercial product.

在合成(Y,Gd)BO3:Eu的过程中,通过加入适量助熔剂制备出了颗粒小、颗粒形貌为球形、粒径分布较窄和分散性好无团聚的(Y,Gd)BO3:Eu 荧光粉,探讨了在焙烧时添加复合助熔剂对荧光粉的最低烧成温度、粒径、颗粒形貌和相对亮度的影响,利用 X射线衍射、扫描电镜(SEM)、粒度分析仪和辐射光谱仪对样品进行了表征.结果显示:复合助熔剂的添加,可降低高温固相反应温度,促进硼酸盐纯相的生成,在800 ℃即可得到纯的(Y,Gd)BO3:Eu相,比未添加助熔剂的反应温度降低了400 ℃,同时有利于(002)、(100)、(102)、(110)的生长;在(Y,Gd)BO3:Eu的烧结过程中,产生黏度较低的液相有利于球形颗粒的生长,易得到颗粒尺寸分布均匀,分散性好,结晶完整的荧光粉;助熔剂的添加可以使(Y,Gd)BO3:Eu的相对发光强度提高10%以上.用此方法合成的荧光粉具备了直接实际应用的条件.