本文基于我院大学生研究性学习和创新性实验计划项目支持，通过大量的文献阅读，了解了人体管道铸型标本的制作技术的进展情况，本根据实际情况用管道铸型的方法设计并制作胰腺的血管和导管铸型标本，使胰腺的管道结构能够清晰的呈现，便于医学生及医务工作者对其有更深层次的学习研究以及寻求相关疾病治疗新思维。

目的：应用管道铸型的方法直观显示胰腺的血管来源、走向、分支以及与相邻脏器的相互联系。方法：利用乙酸乙酯，包装用泡沫和自凝牙托粉等材料，选新鲜成人尸体1具，经腹主动脉及肠系膜上下静脉行血管灌注；经十二指肠大乳头进行胰管灌注填充剂。结果：制作出胰腺周围血管及胰管联合铸型标本。通过制作的胰腺血管铸型标本既锻炼了实验动手能力，又培养了基础应用研究的思维能力。更进一步认识到临床上胰腺手术的复杂性。

Objective The objective of this study is to sum up the experience of peri-operative management of senile patients with colorectal carcinoma. Methods The clinical data(2006-2011)of the 82 cases were retrospectively analized. Results Of the 82 cases,74 underwent radical resection(90.2%),3 hartmann operation,5 simple leakage. Conclusion It is suggested that emphasized the peri-operative management,proper surgical procedure is the key point for reducing complications and enhancing radical surgeru of colorectal carcinoma in senile patients.

OBJECTIVE To explore the related factors for postoperative infections in the patients undergoing the colorectal cancer surgery,and analyze the distribution of the pathogens in the colorectal cancer patients so as to provide evidence for the prevention of postoperative infections.METHODS A total of 364 colorectal cancer patients who were treated in the hospital from Jun 2004 to Jun 2011 were selected as the study objects,the surgical site infections were analyzed retrospectively.The 61 patients with infections were set as the infection group,303 cases without infections as the control group.The clinical data of the two groups of patients were compared,and the distribution of the pathogens causing infections in the patients was analyzed.RESULTS The surgical site infections occurred in 61 patients with the infection rate of 16.76%.Totally 73 strains of pathogens were isolated,including 47(64.38%) strains of gram-negative bacilli and 20(27.41%)strains of gram-positive cocci.The body mass index(BMI≥23kg/m2) and the complication with the diabetes were the risk factors for the surgical site infections after the colorectal cancer surgery(P0.05).CONCLUSION The obesity and the diabetes are main risk factors for the surgical site infections after the colorectal cancer surgery.

目的探讨高位肛周脓肿采用一次性切开挂线治疗的临床效果。方法回顾性总结70例高位肛周脓肿病例,其中40例采用切开挂线术治疗(观察组),30例行单纯性切开引流术治疗(对照组),比较两者的临床治疗效果。结果对照组治愈率(20.00%)低于观察组的治愈率(87.50%)(P<0.05),两组疼痛评分和愈合时间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论切开挂线手术是治疗高位肛周脓肿的有效手术方法,值得临床推广应用。

<正>溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)是临床难治性疾病,发病率逐年上升。我们选用云南白药和外用溃疡散为主药配成灌肠Ⅱ治疗UC,观察其疗效及对血栓前状态的影响,现报道如下。1临床资料根据1993年太原全国慢性非感染性肠道疾病学

随着人类平均寿命的延长,老年人大肠癌的发病率逐年增加,而此类患者多伴有营养不良,因此围术期营养支持显得格外重要.现将近2a来本院收治的24例60岁以上大肠癌患者围术期营养支持的情况分析如下.

我们采用穴位透压法治疗特发性便秘30例,效果较好,现报告如下. 临床资料:本组男8例,女22例;年龄22～69岁;病程2～30年.经盆底功能检查,结肠慢传输型便秘22例,出口梗阻型便秘8例,均为松弛性(包括会阴下降、直肠前膨出、直肠黏膜松弛套叠等).

性溃疡性结肠炎(UC)是临床难治性疾病,发病率逐年上升,近年研究发现UC患者存在着血栓前状态,微血栓形成可能是UC的重要发病原因之一.云南白药是我国传统伤科要药,具有止血愈伤、活血化瘀的作用,锡类散治疗UC也有较好的疗效,在此基础上,选用云南白药和锡类散为主药治疗UC,进一步观察其治疗UC的疗效及对血栓前状态的影响,现报道如下.

目的:观察云南白药治疗溃疡性结肠炎的疗效和对患者血浆血栓素B2和6-酮-PGF1的影响.方法:60例活动性溃疡性结肠炎病人分为治疗组和对照组,分别用云南白药加基本方和基本方灌肠,并在治疗前后测血浆血栓素B2和6-酮-PGF1a.结果:两组疗效有差异,治疗组治疗后血栓素B2明显下降,与对照组比较有差异.结论:云南白药治疗溃疡性结肠炎有较好疗效,并能明显改善患者的高凝状态.

为提高肛瘘的临床诊断质量,探讨超声检查的临床价值,自2000年2月起作者以超声多普勒声像仪配合12-5 MHz变频探头相结合的超声检查方法,对76例肛瘘疾病进行了检查,现报告如下.

常言道"十人九痔",可见痔是肛肠科的常见病、多发病.临床上痔疮的疼痛、出血、水肿、血栓形成等不易快速治愈.我们应用验方"痔瘘洗剂"治疗肛门疾病100例,疗效较满意,报道如下.

Objective To study the value of the perianal and perirectal abscesses through ultrasonography.Methods Intracavitary transducer of end-fire type with/or high frequency transducer was used to check 47 cases of the perianal and perirectal abscesses,so as to do the ultrasonic classification according to the anatomical parts and the acoustic imaging signs of the pathological changes.Results When the intracavitary transducer of end-fire type with/ or high frequency transducer examined the parts near the anus tube and the rectum,41 cases of the perianal and perirectal abscesses were discovered.The representation of the abscess and fistula was an echo-free area or an exceptional echoic zone mixed by the hypoecho area and echo-free area,its interior had no signal of blood stream,but there were signals of colored blood stream in the inflammatory area,the representation of the intenal fistula was the discontinuity of the mucous stratum or the partly changes of the bulgy degree.Conclusions It is simpler to use the intracavitary transducer of double-duty of the vagina/rectum and ( or ) the transducer of high frequency to examine the perianal and perirectal abscesses.It can distinguish the relation of the organization of the perianal and perirectal abscesses and the location of the internal and external of the access of the anal fistula.It also can offer necessary diagnostic foundation of the choice of the clinical treatment.

溃疡性结肠炎(UC)是一种非特异性的炎性肠病,病变主要侵犯结直肠黏膜和黏膜下层,表现为炎症和溃疡,多累及直肠和远端结肠,治疗比较困难,近几年来发病率有上升的趋势[1].其病因尚未完全明确.我院肛肠科自1996年至今,以调整肠道微生态环境为原则,采用中西医结合保留灌肠的方法治疗UC病人76例,取得了满意的疗效.

1993年元月至2000年元月，我院经电子结肠镜(型号：奥林巴斯CF130I)检查发现大肠扁平微小息肉(息肉直径＜0.6cm，隆起高度＜0．4cm即突向肠腔的息肉样赘生物)381例，现将其中有病理资料的327例总结如下：

1994年4月至2000年8月本科对26例顽固性无力型便秘患者,采用次全或部分结肠切除术进行治疗,取得满意效果,现报告如下. 1 临床资料 1.1 一般资料:本组26例,男3例,女23例,年龄25～70岁.病程:便秘史5年以上者16例,3年以上者6例,2年者4例.临床表现:本组病例均存在排便周期延长,缺乏便意,排便困难,伴腹胀不适,需常年依赖泻剂排粪,且对泻剂敏感度下降.排粪造影示:轻-中度直肠前突、直肠粘膜内脱垂、直肠粘膜内套叠、曾作过直肠粘膜排列组合结扎未显效者3例;中度直肠前突、曾行直肠前突修补术效果不佳者6例;其余排粪造影均属正常.结肠运输时间测定:除1例巨结肠伴不全梗阻未作,其余25例均提示结肠运输时间显著延长,96h以上尚残留70～80%,标志物在左半结肠为主.2例患者钡灌肠造影提示横、乙结肠冗长.气囊逼出试验、肛门测压及肌电图检查均属正常.