干旱灾害对日照烟区的烟叶生产造成了不良影响,一定程度上制约了日照烟叶生产的持续健康发展.该文通过对日照烟区的水资源状况、设施配套、灌溉机具、灌溉模式等内容深入调研,提出符合日照烟区实际的相关措施,初步构建了日照烟区的抗旱长效机制.

In this study, typical tobacco production regions in Linyi, Weifang, Rizhao were selected for soil quality evalua-tion. pH value, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus, available iron, available manganese, available copper, available zinc were selected as the basic indices for soil fertility quality evaluation using Fuzzy membership function model. Total arsenic, total cadmium, total chromium, total mercury, total plumbum, total nickel, total copper, total zinc were selected as the basic indices for soil en-vironment quality evaluation using Nemerow index method. The result showed that the soil fertility quality index in typical to-bacco production region in Linyi, Weifang and Rizhao was 0. 54, 0. 56 and 0. 49 respectively. There was no significant differ-ence in tobacco growing soil fertility quality among the three regions. The grade of tobacco growing soil fertility quality in the three regions did not reach good, and could be improved. The soil environment quality index of typical tobacco production in Linyi, Weifang and Rizhao was 0. 59, 0. 58 and 0. 54 respectively. There was no significant difference in tobacco growing soil environment quality among the three regions. The soil environment risk in the three regions was in the “safe” grade entirely. But some individual element was exceeded the standard, especially mercury, need to become a focus in Shandong soil environ-mental quality control. The comprehensive assessment indicated that the typical tobacco production region in Shandong had a good soil fertility quality and the environment quality was quite safe. The excellent soil quality provides a reliable guarantee for the quality and safety of the tobacco production.

Modern agriculture is the inevitable direction of the world agricultural development, and the Chinese tobacco agriculture is the same as well, which may be an important means to achieve new breakthroughs. How to set off a rapid and benign development, of the modern tobacco agriculture is the primary concern of modern tobacco industry. According to the characteristic of Rizhao tobacco and existing problems, we proposed the corresponding development ideas and solutions, and provide a reference for the further development of Rizhao modern tobacco agriculture.

[Objective] The research aimed to study the influence of soil factors on AM fungi infections and spore density of tobacco in Shandong.[Method] The chemical and physical properties of soils from Shandong Rizhao and Linyi were investigated.And the relationship between soil factors with Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi infections and spore density of tobacco was analyzed.[Result] The colonization and spore density of AM fungi changed in sampling sites.The colonization of AM fungi had no significant negative correlation with spore density.Organic matters and available nitrogen had a negative correlation with the colonization of AM fungi,while counteractive by the available phosphorus,potassium,pH and sucrose.The available P,K and N had a negative correlation with spore density,while suitable organic matter had an opposite effect.[Conclusion] The soil environment,which affected the growth of plant roots,had more important impacts on the spore density and the colonization of AM fungi.

The author explore the effects of different organic fertilizers on tobacco quality,basing tobacco plant,in order to improve soil character and the inner quality of tobacco,in the condition of same supply of N,P,K.In the project organic fertilizer contains organic fertilizerⅠ,organic fertilizerⅡ,organic fertilizerⅢ,organic fertilizerⅣ,organic and Inorganic fertilizerⅤand cake.Analyzing the result of the project,the author found that organic fertilizerⅠand organic fertilizerⅣworked well,the performance of agronomy traits was prominent;the appearance of raw tobacco was good.The performance of inorganic and organic fertilizerⅤwas equal to control group.FertilityⅤwas a little inadequate in the later;organic fertilizerⅡand organic fertilizer Ⅲ were in general.The comprehensive performance of scheme of cake was fine,but the price of cake was higher than others.

To improve the capacity of bulk curing barn and baking quality, we turned three-floor into four-floor bulk curing barns, which could cut down the cost and energy consumption. The results showed that, the capacity was 23.5% higher than before, the weight of flue-cured tobacco of one barn was 30% heavier than before. In terms of energy consumption, the cost of dry tobacco fell from 1.94 yuan/kg to 1.76 yuan/kg. Baking time extended,which promoted tobacco after-ripening, and improved the quality of tobacco. Though the output was less than before, the proportion of upper class and the mid-upper class, tobacco increased, Interest increased by 3.8%.

In order to improve pesticide efficacy in tobacco field,three vaporizers for the evaluation of pesticide spray distribution were compared using food dye of Allura Red as tracer.The results indicated that,the absorbance peak for Allura Red at 501nm.In sunlight after 2-6 hours,the decomposition rates were between 2.1%-3.4%,so that it is stable in sunlight.The recovery rates on tobacco and glasses were very high,so it is quite feasible as tracer to measure the pesticide spray distribution of volume spay.Compared to hand sprayer,spray volume reduced 20% by using electrostatic spray,and effective utilization rate increased 0.8 times.Adding Silwet the effective utilization rate increased by 1.07 to 1.19 times.The field application showed that after 7 d the corrected control efficacy to Myzus persicae were more than 97%.

To reduce the amount of conventional fertilizer in the process of tobacco cultivation and improve the tobacco leaf internal quality,based on the situation of the current tobacco production of Juxian County,by field experiments,research about bio-organic fertilizer on the impact of tobacco quality was carried out.The results showed that:under the same circumstances,the Jinbanghe bio-organic fertilizer could increase the potassium content in leaves,improve leaf quality,lower input costs,and gain a better integrated effect.

Three artificial rearing methods for Plutella xylostella L.were compared,which were reared on in vitro cabbage leaves(rearing jar),radish seedlings on vermiculite and cabbage seedlings(rearing cage) respectively.The results showed that the larva mortality was higher when reared on the in vitro cabbage leaves.The radish seedlings could be used up very soon and need to be replaced frequently,so it was very difficult to control the humidity and to collect the pupas because of the unfixed pupation position.When reared on the cabbage seedlings,the larvae had higher survival rate and grew homogeneously with the duration of growth and development shortened for 1～3 days,so it was a better method for rearing Plutella xylostella L.

为考察引进美国新品种NC102、NC55和 NC297在山东烟区的表现情况,分别在诸城、费县和莒县设立试验点,从生育期、植物学性状、农艺性状、抗病性状、主要经济性状和原烟外观质量等方面分别进行了试验调查.结果表明,3个新品种以NC55的综合表现为最好,在山东烟区具有一定的推广应用价值.

The plant allelopathy is a new research direction and has became a hot field in agroecology and chemical ecology in recent years over the world.The paper reviews the concept of plant allelopathy and its application in practical production.

Cluster analysis on tobacco leaf chemical components from various varieties,production regions,and leaf grades ware conducted.The results showed that results from cluster analysis on chemical component index was in agreement with smoking taste test,which suggested that we could use cluster analysis as an alternative to smoking taste test.

The antagonistic bacteria strains By33 and By88 were isolated from top soils of tobacco planting fields.The results showed that the invitro inhibition of sterile fermented broths of By33 and By88 to TMV was 81.81% and 83.29% respectively,and 73.01% and 66.98% respectively inoculating TMV 24h after smearing fermented broths.The antagonistic proteins obtained by ammonium sulfate deposition had the control of 85.38% and 87.47% to TMV,with absorption apexes in 274 nm.The study also showed that the combination of antagonistic proteins and TMV was inreversible,and could restrain the copy of TMV in tobacco.

采用定点调查方法研究了五莲植烟土壤、烟叶中重金属、农药残留状况。土壤中的铅、镉、汞、六六六的含量指标低于土壤自然背景值,大部分土壤中的滴滴涕含量也低于土壤自然背景值。烟叶中铅、镉、汞含量处于较低水平,有机氯、有机磷、拟除虫菊酯等杀虫剂、杀菌剂烟叶中残留普遍较低,部分有机磷杀虫剂残留相对较高。五莲烟区具有发展低残留优质烟叶的优越自然条件,但需进一步规范农药的使用。

试验结果表明,在烤烟移栽期低温、生育前期干旱的生态区,浅"V"型垄地膜覆盖模式对提高地温和土壤的含水量作用显著,能增加培土高度,对烟苗早发快长,促进根系的发育创造了良好的条件.为提高烟株的吸收功能,促进烟株正常生长,增强抗性,提高烟叶的产量、质量、效益都具有积极的作用.