Soluble sugars are key determinants of fruit quality, directly influencing sensory attributes such as sweetness and flavor, as well as nutritional value and texture. Their content and composition are precisely regulated by sugar-metabolizing enzymes. Key enzymes, including invertase (INV), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SUS), fructokinase (FRK), and hexokinase (HXK), play pivotal roles in these processes. However, a systematic and in-depth analysis of their regulatory mechanisms is currently lacking, which hinders a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory network governing fruit sugar metabolism. This review employs bibliometric analysis to systematically examine research trends in fruit sugar metabolism. Furthermore, it synthesizes recent advances in the coordinated regulatory mechanisms from the perspectives of transcriptional regulation, epigenetic modifications, and signal transduction, aiming to provide a clearer framework for future research. At the transcriptional level, transcription factor families such as MYB, WRKY, NAC, and MADS-box achieve precise regulation of sugar metabolism-related genes by specifically binding to the promoters of their target genes. Regarding epigenetic regulation, mechanisms including histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, and DNA methylation influence the expression of sugar-metabolizing enzymes at the post-transcriptional level by modulating chromatin accessibility or mRNA stability. Signaling pathways integrate hormonal signals (e.g., ABA, ethylene), environmental signals (e.g., temperature, light), and sugar-derived signals into the regulatory network, forming complex feedback mechanisms. These regulatory mechanisms not only directly affect sugar accumulation in fruits but also participate in fruit quality formation by modulating processes such as cell turgor pressure and carbon allocation. By integrating recent findings on transcriptional regulation, epigenetics, and signaling pathways, this review provides a theoretical foundation for fruit quality improvement and targeted breeding.

Bactrocera dorsalis is a serious pest of mango, causing heavy losses during fruit ripening. Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are pivotal in insect olfaction, facilitating the detection of host plant volatiles. In this study, we focused on OBPs that mediate responses to volatiles from the Guire No.82 mango. Quantitative real-time PCR showed cultivar-dependent expression of six antennal OBP genes. Among these, BdorOBP84a-1 was highly expressed in adults fed on Guire No.82. The 3D structure of BdorOBP84a-1 was predicted with AlphaFold3, showing six α-helices and three disulfide bonds forming a hydrophobic pocket. Molecular docking and 100-ns MD simulations indicated strong and stable binding of sesquiterpenes. Caryophyllene and ledene showed the lowest binding free energies (-31.87 and -30.62 kcal/mol) and stable RMSD/RMSF values. Key residues, including PHE95, ILE109 and PHE133, contributed to binding through hydrophobic and aromatic interactions. Y-tube behavioral assays validated these computational predictions. Caryophyllene attracted males at very low (0.01%) and high (10%) doses, females responded selectively at 0.1% and 1%, ledene attracted males at 0.1% and 10%, These findings suggest that BdorOBP84a-1 mediates recognition of mango sesquiterpenes and that caryophyllene and ledene are promising leads for new attractants in B. dorsalis management.

Soluble sugars, primarily fructose, glucose, sucrose, and sorbitol, are crucial determinants of fruit flavor and quality. As a core component of biological metabolism, sugar metabolism provides energy and carbon for fruit development, ultimately governing carbohydrate accumulation in mature fruits. This process requires the coordinated activities of multiple enzymes and transporters, modulated by the spatiotemporal expression patterns of their encoding genes. Therefore, it is essential to elucidate both the activities of these enzymes across different fruits and their underlying gene expression patterns. While significant progress has been made in functional genes involved in soluble sugar metabolism and deciphering their regulatory networks, an overall introduction of this knowledge remains lacking. This review presents an integrative analysis of soluble sugar accumulation during fruit development, encompassing spatiotemporal dynamics of key metabolic enzymes, functional characterization of encoding genes, signaling response mechanisms governing gene regulation, and the overarching genetic network.

Despite being an economically significant fruit, the availability of Mangifera chloroplast genome sequences remains limited. In this study, we assembled, annotated, and characterized the complete chloroplast genomes of Mangifera indica ‘Guiqi’ and M. quadrifida. The chloroplast genomes of M. indica ‘Guiqi’ (157,780 bp) and M. quadrifida (158,979 bp) both exhibit a quadripartite structure, contain 87 protein-coding, 37 tRNA, and 8 rRNA genes, and have GC contents of 37.9% and 37.8%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the maternal origin of M. indica ‘Guiqi’ and revealed the closest affinity between M. quadrifida and M. similis, indicating widespread hybridization and introgressions.

Background/Objectives: Mango, which is known as the “King of Tropical Fruits”, is an evergreen plant belonging to the Anacardiaceae family. It belongs to the genus Mangifera, which comprises 69 species of plants found in tropical and subtropical regions, including India, Indonesia, the Malay Peninsula, Thailand, and South China. However, research on the structural information of complete chloroplast genomes of Mangifera is limited. Methods: The rapid advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology enables the acquisition of the entire chloroplast (cp) genome sequence, providing a molecular foundation for phylogenetic research. This work sequenced the chloroplast genomes of six Mangifera samples, performed a comparative analysis of the cp genomes, and investigated the evolutionary relationships within the Mangifera genus. Results: All six Mangifera samples showed a single circular molecule with a quadripartite structure, ranging from 157,604 bp to 158,889 bp in length. The number of RNA editing sites ranged from 60 to 61, with ndhB exhibiting the highest number of RNA editing sites across all species. Seven genes—namely, atpB, cemA, clpP, ndhD, petB, petD, and ycf15—exhibited a Ka/Ks value > 1, suggesting they may be under positive selection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Mangifera siamensis showed a close relationship between Mangifera indica and Mangifera sylvatica. Conclusions: Our comprehensive analysis of the whole cp genomes of the five Mangifera species offers significant insights regarding their phylogenetic reconstruction. Moreover, it elucidates the evolutionary processes of the cp genome within the Mangifera genus.

Mango is a tropical fruit with high economic value. The selection of suitable dwarf mango varieties is an important aspect of mango breeding. However, the mechanisms that regulate mango dwarfing remain unclear. In this study, we compared the transcriptomes and metabolomes of mango varieties Guiqi (a dwarfed variety) and Jinhuang (an arborized variety). A total of 4,954 differentially expressed genes and 317 differentially abundant metabolites were identified between the two varieties, revealing the molecular mechanism of the gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase gene GA3ox in regulating dwarfing traits in mangoes using joint transcriptome and metabolome analyses. The results showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in the diterpenoid biosynthesis pathway and that differentially abundant metabolites were annotated to their upstream pathway, the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. A gene regulation network based on these two pathways was constructed, indicating the upregulation of the GA3ox gene and the accumulation of gibberellin in dwarfed mangoes. We then transferred the GA3ox gene to tobacco plants following the application of gibberellin, and the morphology and height of the transgenic tobacco plants largely recovered the phenotype. These results demonstrated that GA3ox plays a role in the regulation of dwarf traits. Our study provides an important theoretical basis for studying the regulatory mechanisms underlying mango dwarfism to facilitate mango breeding.

The regulation of gibberellic acid 2-oxidase (GA2ox) gene expression represents a critical mechanism in the modulation of endogenous gibberellic acids (GAs) levels, thereby exerting an influence on plant height. In this context, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the GA2ox gene family in mango (Mangifera indica L.), a species of significant economic importance, with the aim of identifying potential candidate genes for mango dwarf breeding. Our findings delineated the presence of at least 14 members within the MiGA2ox gene family in the mango genome, which were further categorized into three subfamilies: C19-GA2ox-I, C19-GA2ox-II, and C20-GA2ox-I. Notably, MiGA2ox12, a member of the C19-GA2ox-II subfamily, exhibited substantial expression across various tissues, including roots, bark, leaves, and flowers. Through overexpression of the MiGA2ox12 gene in tobacco, a distinct dwarf phenotype was observed alongside reduced levels of GA1 and GA4, while the knockout line exhibited contrasting traits. This provides evidence suggesting that MiGA2ox12 may exert control over plant height by modulating GA content. Consequently, the MiGA2ox12 gene emerges as a promising candidate for facilitating advancements in mango dwarfing techniques.

The genetic diversity of mango (Mangifera indica L.) was determined among 188 mango accessions using 40 SSR markers. A total of 303 alleles were discovered, with a mean value of 7.58 and an average PIC of 0.583, showing that the SSR markers utilized in this investigation was quite informative. High Shannon’s index (1.304) and He (0.624) reflected the high genetic diversity of Chinese mango genetic resources. PCoA analysis and phenogram analysis divided the accessions broadly into groups representing their geographical origins and suggested a clear separation between M. indica and M. persiciformis. This expanded awareness of the genetic diversity of mango germplasm would aid breeders in choosing better parents, hence accelerating the delivery of improved cultivars to industry in order to satisfy consumer demand.

'桂热芒4号'是从'泰国芒14号'('Okrong')实生后代选出的优质芒果新品种.在广西南宁、百色及贵州兴义为3月中旬至4月中旬开花,果实分别于7月上旬、8月上旬成熟.果实宽卵形,果皮绿色,单果重256～400g;后熟果皮黄色,果肉黄色、致密、细滑,多汁,纤维极少,味蜜甜、芳香,果实可食率73.70％,可溶性固形物18.50％、总糖16.50％、总酸0.18％、维生素C含量15.40mg/100g,鲜食品质好.该品种早结丰产,果实外观好、大小适中、香气较浓,较耐低温阴雨,抗细菌性角斑病和炭疽病,适合在广西南部、右江河谷地带和贵州省南北盘江河谷地带及类似生态区推广种植.

广西是中国重要的芒果(Mangifera indica L.)生产基地.本文通过分析近年来中国及广西芒果产业相关数据,总结中国和广西芒果产业发展现状;从科技投入、产业化经营、产品质量安全及市场掌控等方面分析广西芒果产业发展过程中存在的问题;最后有针对性地提出广西芒果产业的发展策略,以期为广西乃至全国芒果产业高质量发展提供参考依据.

丰富的种质资源是杧果新品种选育和产业发展的基础.为保护和利用杧果种质资源,本研究利用课题组前期开发的 TP-M13-SSR 标记对杧果种质资源保护广西创新基地圃内保存的 145 份杧果地方品种、育成品种及其近缘野生种进行遗传多样性分析和分子身份证构建.结果表明:12 对引物的平均观测等位基因数为 3.2838、平均观察杂合度(Ho)为 0.5858、平均期望杂合度(He)为 0.6725、平均Shannon指数(I)为 1.3383、平均Nei基因多样性指数(Na)为 0.6702、多态信息含量(PIC)分布范围在 0.5036～0.7827 之间,平均值为 0.6396,所有引物为高度多态性位点,说明TP-M13-SSR荧光引物可以为杧果的遗传多样性分析提供研究数据;145 份材料的遗传相似性系数变化范围为 0.5676～1.000,平均为0.7417,其中爱文与印度杧 1 号遗传相似性系数为 1.000,扁桃杧田阳 20-2 与大头香杧、扁桃杧田阳 20-2 与硕帅杧、金煌杧与桂热杧 10-1 的遗传相似性系数最小,均为 0.5676;在遗传相似性系数为 0.7060 时,145 份种质分为 2 个类群,I类群包括 108 份杧果和 20 份扁桃,种质数量最多,占总数的 88.9%,Ⅱ类群包括 17 份材料,全部为扁桃.在遗传相似性系数为 0.7330 时,I类群可进一步分为 5 个亚群,其中I-1 和I-3 亚群种质数量最多,占所有杧果的 91.92%,UPGMA聚类分析表明扁桃未严格按照种属关系聚在一起,杧果的整体聚类结果与其地理来源基本一致;对 145 份材料的扩增产物进行SSR荧光标记毛细管电泳检测获得指纹图谱,采用数字和字母相结合的编码方式获得分子身份证,通过分子身份证进行种质鉴定,每一对引物可平均区分 12.4 份种质,鉴定率明显高于前人研究,表明TP-M13-SSR检测技术比目前广泛采用的变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测技术在杧果种质鉴定上更具优势.本研究结果为杧果及其近缘种种质资源的收集整理和新品种的选育提供科学依据.

矢尖蚧是我国杧果产区的重要害虫之一.通过田间和室内观测,调查矢尖蚧在杧果上的为害特点、各虫态主要特征、发生规律,以及设施大棚内9个杧果品种的矢尖蚧虫害发生程度.结果表明,矢尖蚧可为害杧果枝干、叶片和果实;雌虫经历2个若虫阶段和1个成虫阶段,雄虫经历2个若虫阶段、预蛹、蛹、成虫5个时期.金水仙杧和沙华绿杧的矢尖蚧为害程度最轻,桂热杧10号的为害程度最重;树冠下层为矢尖蚧为害最严重的部位,中层树冠次之,上层最轻或不受为害;第1代若虫孵化盛期为施药防治关键时期.

应用CDDP和SRAP分子标记技术对35个杧果品种进行遗传多样性分析,统计遗传多样性信息数据,并进行聚类分析和主成分分析.结果表明,12条CDDP引物和12对SRAP引物组合分别扩增得到条带263条和243条.其中多态性条带数分别为250条和230条,多态性条带比率分别为95.45％和94.61％,有效等位基因数分别为1.59和1.62,Nei's基因多样性分别为0.32和0.24,Shannon信息指数分别为0.55和0.46,多态性信息含量分别为0.60和0.59,遗传相似系数变化范围分别为0.64～0.96和0.64～0.92,平均遗传相似系数分别为0.80和0.78,CDDP结合SRAP标记遗传相似系数变化范围为0.62～0.94,平均遗传相似系数为0.78.CDDP标记、SRAP标记以及CDDP结合SRAP标记分别在遗传相似系数为0.709 5、0.694 7以及0.685 0处可以将35个杧果品种分别分为3类、3类和5类,说明两种标记结合分析能够更加详细地解释杧果品种间的亲缘关系.而主成分分析结果和聚类分析结果有相似之处,但也有很大不同.

过去60年,我区杧果科学研究取得了长足进展,在杧果种质资源收集保存、遗传育种、分子生物学、土肥水管理、果实发育与花果管理、病虫害防治、贮藏加工等方面取得了重要进展.本文总结了我区杧果在种质资源与新品种培育、栽培关键技术突破、栽培模式创新、病虫害防控和产品采后保鲜加工等方面的研究进展,提出了今后的研究重点和发展方向.

以5年生"桂热杧71号"为试材,采用设施避雨棚与露天栽培模式,比较分析两种栽培模式对田间温湿度、果实生长发育、品质及产量的影响.结果表明,避雨棚栽培可降低田间相对湿度,平均降低1.9～2.4个百分点.花期、幼果期和果实膨大至成熟期,避雨棚与露天栽培的田间相对湿度相差最大值分别达到5.5个百分点、5.4个百分点、8.1个百分点.避雨棚栽培的果实总糖、维生素C、可溶性固形物含量,每株挂果数、每公顷产量分别比露天栽培提高了 11.9％、34.4％、5.2％、60.2％、85.1％,总酸含量比露地栽培降低了 16％.说明避雨栽培模式能改善果实内在品质并提高产量,在广西桂南等春季低温阴雨天气多的地区,可适当推广设施避雨栽培.

采用钢管结构大棚,2017-2020年对水仙杧、南逗迈4号、四季蜜杧、泰引1号、沙华绿、皮森姆、桂热杧10号、紫薇等8个杧果品种,开展设施栽培条件下的产期调节品种筛选试验.结果表明,综合参试品种的抽穗率、每株结果数、单果质量、株产、可溶性固形物含量、可食率、商品果率和果形指数等8项指标,南逗迈4号、四季蜜杧、桂热杧10号、泰引1号和皮森姆等5个品种,农艺学性状和果实品质指标优良,适宜设施栽培条件下产期调节栽培.水仙杧易成花,品质优良,但株产较低,建议进一步研究其配套的栽培技术措施,提高着果率和株量,再重新评价是否适宜设施栽培.紫薇可以正常开花,但每株结果数少,产量较低,可溶性固形物含量低,品质一般,可作为产期调节加工品种栽培.沙华绿抽穗率低,每株结果数少,株产低,说明该品种在设施栽培条件下,较难成花,株产低,不建议作为设施栽培产期调节品种.

采用正交设计方法,对影响PCR反应体系的5个因素(Mg2+、Taq DNA聚合酶、dNTPs、 引物和模板DNA)进行了优化,建立了适用于杧果的SC-SSR-PCR反应体系.结果表明,总反应体系25μL中,包含模板DNA用量100 ng·mL-1、Mg2+浓度2.00 mmol·L-1、引物浓度0.40μmol·L-1、Taq DNA聚合酶浓度1.00 U、dNTPs浓度0.15 mmol·L-1.利用优化的杧果SC-SSR-PCR反应体系对10对SC-SSR引物进行验证,均能扩增出清晰、 明亮、 特异的电泳条带.因此,优化的杧果SC-SSR-PCR反应体系适用于杧果种质鉴定和亲缘关系分析.

对桂热芒3号在百色右江河谷流域和驮娘江流域建立区域试种点,观察了品种的适应性、结果性状及品质等.研究结果表明,桂热芒3号成熟期在8月下旬至9月上旬,嫁接苗种植第3年即进入丰产期,5年连续观测期内产量均在1200 kg以上,体现了早结丰产稳产的性状;高接换种试验结果也表明该品种在西林县驮娘江流域栽植综合表现力更为良好,更适宜在较高海拔的山地推广种植.

为避开低温阴雨天气对芒果开花和授粉的影响,该文研究了位于6个不同海拔高度芒果种植区的台农1号芒通过摘早花催二次花延迟花期的效果.位于海拔300 m以下区域的果园在立春前7 d至立春后7 d内完成摘花,位于海拔400 m以上区域的果园在立春至雨水前完成摘花,可根据当年天气变化情况适当调整,摘花后进行人工催花.4年的摘花研究结果表明,通过摘早花催二次花可实现推迟花期15～20 d,位于海拔300～650 m的华屯、达康、高山、那岩、和拼、六丰等6个分场的平均产量比海拔100～250 m的右江区(不摘花)提高56.03％～71.43％.为芒果产业因时因地进行产期调控提供借鉴.