Soluble sugars are key determinants of fruit quality, directly influencing sensory attributes such as sweetness and flavor, as well as nutritional value and texture. Their content and composition are precisely regulated by sugar-metabolizing enzymes. Key enzymes, including invertase (INV), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SUS), fructokinase (FRK), and hexokinase (HXK), play pivotal roles in these processes. However, a systematic and in-depth analysis of their regulatory mechanisms is currently lacking, which hinders a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory network governing fruit sugar metabolism. This review employs bibliometric analysis to systematically examine research trends in fruit sugar metabolism. Furthermore, it synthesizes recent advances in the coordinated regulatory mechanisms from the perspectives of transcriptional regulation, epigenetic modifications, and signal transduction, aiming to provide a clearer framework for future research. At the transcriptional level, transcription factor families such as MYB, WRKY, NAC, and MADS-box achieve precise regulation of sugar metabolism-related genes by specifically binding to the promoters of their target genes. Regarding epigenetic regulation, mechanisms including histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, and DNA methylation influence the expression of sugar-metabolizing enzymes at the post-transcriptional level by modulating chromatin accessibility or mRNA stability. Signaling pathways integrate hormonal signals (e.g., ABA, ethylene), environmental signals (e.g., temperature, light), and sugar-derived signals into the regulatory network, forming complex feedback mechanisms. These regulatory mechanisms not only directly affect sugar accumulation in fruits but also participate in fruit quality formation by modulating processes such as cell turgor pressure and carbon allocation. By integrating recent findings on transcriptional regulation, epigenetics, and signaling pathways, this review provides a theoretical foundation for fruit quality improvement and targeted breeding.

Background Cold stress severely limits the productivity and geographical distribution of mango, a tropical fruit crop of significant economic importance. We combined transcriptomic profiling and functional genomics to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance in mango. Results Comparative analysis of the cold-tolerant Jinhuang (JH) and cold-sensitive Guiqi (GQ) cultivars identified 7,757 unique deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) were specifically altered in JH under cold stress, with significant enrichment in plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Notably, the DELLA protein GAIP-B (LOC123214451) was markedly upregulated in JH under cold stress. Functional validation through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout and overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrated that GAIP-B is both necessary and sufficient for cold tolerance. The knockout lines exhibit extreme cold sensitivity, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity, increased oxidative damage, and impaired osmotic adjustment. Conversely, the overexpression lines showed enhanced cold tolerance, with superior antioxidant capacity, maintenance of photosynthetic pigments, and increased soluble sugar accumulation. Conclusions These findings establish GAIP-B as a central regulator that integrates antioxidant defense, photosynthetic protection, and osmotic adjustment in the cold stress response. This study provides valuable insight into molecular breeding strategies aimed at enhancing cold tolerance in mango and other economically important fruit crops.

Background/Objectives: Mango, which is known as the “King of Tropical Fruits”, is an evergreen plant belonging to the Anacardiaceae family. It belongs to the genus Mangifera, which comprises 69 species of plants found in tropical and subtropical regions, including India, Indonesia, the Malay Peninsula, Thailand, and South China. However, research on the structural information of complete chloroplast genomes of Mangifera is limited. Methods: The rapid advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology enables the acquisition of the entire chloroplast (cp) genome sequence, providing a molecular foundation for phylogenetic research. This work sequenced the chloroplast genomes of six Mangifera samples, performed a comparative analysis of the cp genomes, and investigated the evolutionary relationships within the Mangifera genus. Results: All six Mangifera samples showed a single circular molecule with a quadripartite structure, ranging from 157,604 bp to 158,889 bp in length. The number of RNA editing sites ranged from 60 to 61, with ndhB exhibiting the highest number of RNA editing sites across all species. Seven genes—namely, atpB, cemA, clpP, ndhD, petB, petD, and ycf15—exhibited a Ka/Ks value > 1, suggesting they may be under positive selection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Mangifera siamensis showed a close relationship between Mangifera indica and Mangifera sylvatica. Conclusions: Our comprehensive analysis of the whole cp genomes of the five Mangifera species offers significant insights regarding their phylogenetic reconstruction. Moreover, it elucidates the evolutionary processes of the cp genome within the Mangifera genus.

Mango is a tropical fruit with high economic value. The selection of suitable dwarf mango varieties is an important aspect of mango breeding. However, the mechanisms that regulate mango dwarfing remain unclear. In this study, we compared the transcriptomes and metabolomes of mango varieties Guiqi (a dwarfed variety) and Jinhuang (an arborized variety). A total of 4,954 differentially expressed genes and 317 differentially abundant metabolites were identified between the two varieties, revealing the molecular mechanism of the gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase gene GA3ox in regulating dwarfing traits in mangoes using joint transcriptome and metabolome analyses. The results showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in the diterpenoid biosynthesis pathway and that differentially abundant metabolites were annotated to their upstream pathway, the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. A gene regulation network based on these two pathways was constructed, indicating the upregulation of the GA3ox gene and the accumulation of gibberellin in dwarfed mangoes. We then transferred the GA3ox gene to tobacco plants following the application of gibberellin, and the morphology and height of the transgenic tobacco plants largely recovered the phenotype. These results demonstrated that GA3ox plays a role in the regulation of dwarf traits. Our study provides an important theoretical basis for studying the regulatory mechanisms underlying mango dwarfism to facilitate mango breeding.

The genetic diversity of mango (Mangifera indica L.) was determined among 188 mango accessions using 40 SSR markers. A total of 303 alleles were discovered, with a mean value of 7.58 and an average PIC of 0.583, showing that the SSR markers utilized in this investigation was quite informative. High Shannon’s index (1.304) and He (0.624) reflected the high genetic diversity of Chinese mango genetic resources. PCoA analysis and phenogram analysis divided the accessions broadly into groups representing their geographical origins and suggested a clear separation between M. indica and M. persiciformis. This expanded awareness of the genetic diversity of mango germplasm would aid breeders in choosing better parents, hence accelerating the delivery of improved cultivars to industry in order to satisfy consumer demand.

'桂热芒4号'是从'泰国芒14号'('Okrong')实生后代选出的优质芒果新品种.在广西南宁、百色及贵州兴义为3月中旬至4月中旬开花,果实分别于7月上旬、8月上旬成熟.果实宽卵形,果皮绿色,单果重256～400g;后熟果皮黄色,果肉黄色、致密、细滑,多汁,纤维极少,味蜜甜、芳香,果实可食率73.70％,可溶性固形物18.50％、总糖16.50％、总酸0.18％、维生素C含量15.40mg/100g,鲜食品质好.该品种早结丰产,果实外观好、大小适中、香气较浓,较耐低温阴雨,抗细菌性角斑病和炭疽病,适合在广西南部、右江河谷地带和贵州省南北盘江河谷地带及类似生态区推广种植.

广西是中国重要的芒果(Mangifera indica L.)生产基地.本文通过分析近年来中国及广西芒果产业相关数据,总结中国和广西芒果产业发展现状;从科技投入、产业化经营、产品质量安全及市场掌控等方面分析广西芒果产业发展过程中存在的问题;最后有针对性地提出广西芒果产业的发展策略,以期为广西乃至全国芒果产业高质量发展提供参考依据.

丰富的种质资源是杧果新品种选育和产业发展的基础.为保护和利用杧果种质资源,本研究利用课题组前期开发的 TP-M13-SSR 标记对杧果种质资源保护广西创新基地圃内保存的 145 份杧果地方品种、育成品种及其近缘野生种进行遗传多样性分析和分子身份证构建.结果表明:12 对引物的平均观测等位基因数为 3.2838、平均观察杂合度(Ho)为 0.5858、平均期望杂合度(He)为 0.6725、平均Shannon指数(I)为 1.3383、平均Nei基因多样性指数(Na)为 0.6702、多态信息含量(PIC)分布范围在 0.5036～0.7827 之间,平均值为 0.6396,所有引物为高度多态性位点,说明TP-M13-SSR荧光引物可以为杧果的遗传多样性分析提供研究数据;145 份材料的遗传相似性系数变化范围为 0.5676～1.000,平均为0.7417,其中爱文与印度杧 1 号遗传相似性系数为 1.000,扁桃杧田阳 20-2 与大头香杧、扁桃杧田阳 20-2 与硕帅杧、金煌杧与桂热杧 10-1 的遗传相似性系数最小,均为 0.5676;在遗传相似性系数为 0.7060 时,145 份种质分为 2 个类群,I类群包括 108 份杧果和 20 份扁桃,种质数量最多,占总数的 88.9%,Ⅱ类群包括 17 份材料,全部为扁桃.在遗传相似性系数为 0.7330 时,I类群可进一步分为 5 个亚群,其中I-1 和I-3 亚群种质数量最多,占所有杧果的 91.92%,UPGMA聚类分析表明扁桃未严格按照种属关系聚在一起,杧果的整体聚类结果与其地理来源基本一致;对 145 份材料的扩增产物进行SSR荧光标记毛细管电泳检测获得指纹图谱,采用数字和字母相结合的编码方式获得分子身份证,通过分子身份证进行种质鉴定,每一对引物可平均区分 12.4 份种质,鉴定率明显高于前人研究,表明TP-M13-SSR检测技术比目前广泛采用的变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测技术在杧果种质鉴定上更具优势.本研究结果为杧果及其近缘种种质资源的收集整理和新品种的选育提供科学依据.

矢尖蚧是我国杧果产区的重要害虫之一.通过田间和室内观测,调查矢尖蚧在杧果上的为害特点、各虫态主要特征、发生规律,以及设施大棚内9个杧果品种的矢尖蚧虫害发生程度.结果表明,矢尖蚧可为害杧果枝干、叶片和果实;雌虫经历2个若虫阶段和1个成虫阶段,雄虫经历2个若虫阶段、预蛹、蛹、成虫5个时期.金水仙杧和沙华绿杧的矢尖蚧为害程度最轻,桂热杧10号的为害程度最重;树冠下层为矢尖蚧为害最严重的部位,中层树冠次之,上层最轻或不受为害;第1代若虫孵化盛期为施药防治关键时期.

本试验采用国家大豆改良中心广东分中心的18个大豆品系,在广东广州、广西南宁和湖南长沙三个不同的试验地点种植,分析不同生态环境对大豆农艺性状、产量、品质的影响,并对供试品系在不同区域的适应性进行评价,结果表明:18份品系在长沙种植的平均株高、平均百粒重、平均单株粒重均显著高于广州与南宁,平均粗蛋白含量显著高于广州,但平均粗脂肪含量显著低于其他两地;通过相关性分析发现,品系粗蛋白含量与粗脂肪含量在个试验地点均呈显著负相关,说明二者难以兼顾,育种过程种应有取舍或平衡;三个试验点影响产量的主要性状均包含单株粒数,其他性状如株高、百粒重等对产量的影响在三地并不相同,培育南方广适高产的大豆品种,应首先关注单株粒数;对产量和品质综合评价,粤夏110和粤夏114在广州、南宁、长沙三地产量高、品质好,表现稳定,适应性好.

应用CDDP和SRAP分子标记技术对35个杧果品种进行遗传多样性分析,统计遗传多样性信息数据,并进行聚类分析和主成分分析.结果表明,12条CDDP引物和12对SRAP引物组合分别扩增得到条带263条和243条.其中多态性条带数分别为250条和230条,多态性条带比率分别为95.45％和94.61％,有效等位基因数分别为1.59和1.62,Nei's基因多样性分别为0.32和0.24,Shannon信息指数分别为0.55和0.46,多态性信息含量分别为0.60和0.59,遗传相似系数变化范围分别为0.64～0.96和0.64～0.92,平均遗传相似系数分别为0.80和0.78,CDDP结合SRAP标记遗传相似系数变化范围为0.62～0.94,平均遗传相似系数为0.78.CDDP标记、SRAP标记以及CDDP结合SRAP标记分别在遗传相似系数为0.709 5、0.694 7以及0.685 0处可以将35个杧果品种分别分为3类、3类和5类,说明两种标记结合分析能够更加详细地解释杧果品种间的亲缘关系.而主成分分析结果和聚类分析结果有相似之处,但也有很大不同.

Mango is an evergreen plant belonging to the genus Mangifera of the Anacardiaceae family. Genus Mangifera has 69 species of Mangifera around the world that are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical countries, including India, Indonesia, the Malay Peninsula, Thailand, and South China. It is a popular tropical fruit known as the “King of Tropical Fruits”. However, the study of the structure information of the complete chloroplast genome of Mangifera was microscopic, there was no report about the comparison of SSR, Ka/Ks, codons analysis and RNA editing, so in this study, we sequenced the 6 Mangifera samples and used three different ways to analyze the relationship of 6 species of Mangifera . Then we got some results, through the RNA editing and Ka/Ks calculating, we found the species could be divided into two groups, and the difference between the two groups was protein-coding gene ccsA . Moreover, all RNA editing occurred conversion of C to T and the gene ndhB had the most RNA editing sites in all species. In Ka/Ks analysis, the gene atp B, cem A, clp P, ndh D, pet D, pet B and ycf 15 would be suffered from the positive selection after divergence. We also find the IR regions in these seven samples were very conservation through IR contraction and expansion and Sequence Divergence Analysis. Finally, we tried to confirm the relationship between 7 samples of Mangifera in Angiosperms in 3 different ways. Then we got that ML210 and MP090 had a closer relationship than others, MS796 had a closer relationship with ML210 and MP090 than others. At the same time, the method of phylogenetic analysis based on the gene ycf 2 was not more accurate at the genus level than the method based on complete cp genome and proteincoding genes.

过去60年,我区杧果科学研究取得了长足进展,在杧果种质资源收集保存、遗传育种、分子生物学、土肥水管理、果实发育与花果管理、病虫害防治、贮藏加工等方面取得了重要进展.本文总结了我区杧果在种质资源与新品种培育、栽培关键技术突破、栽培模式创新、病虫害防控和产品采后保鲜加工等方面的研究进展,提出了今后的研究重点和发展方向.

以5年生"桂热杧71号"为试材,采用设施避雨棚与露天栽培模式,比较分析两种栽培模式对田间温湿度、果实生长发育、品质及产量的影响.结果表明,避雨棚栽培可降低田间相对湿度,平均降低1.9～2.4个百分点.花期、幼果期和果实膨大至成熟期,避雨棚与露天栽培的田间相对湿度相差最大值分别达到5.5个百分点、5.4个百分点、8.1个百分点.避雨棚栽培的果实总糖、维生素C、可溶性固形物含量,每株挂果数、每公顷产量分别比露天栽培提高了 11.9％、34.4％、5.2％、60.2％、85.1％,总酸含量比露地栽培降低了 16％.说明避雨栽培模式能改善果实内在品质并提高产量,在广西桂南等春季低温阴雨天气多的地区,可适当推广设施避雨栽培.

采用钢管结构大棚,2017-2020年对水仙杧、南逗迈4号、四季蜜杧、泰引1号、沙华绿、皮森姆、桂热杧10号、紫薇等8个杧果品种,开展设施栽培条件下的产期调节品种筛选试验.结果表明,综合参试品种的抽穗率、每株结果数、单果质量、株产、可溶性固形物含量、可食率、商品果率和果形指数等8项指标,南逗迈4号、四季蜜杧、桂热杧10号、泰引1号和皮森姆等5个品种,农艺学性状和果实品质指标优良,适宜设施栽培条件下产期调节栽培.水仙杧易成花,品质优良,但株产较低,建议进一步研究其配套的栽培技术措施,提高着果率和株量,再重新评价是否适宜设施栽培.紫薇可以正常开花,但每株结果数少,产量较低,可溶性固形物含量低,品质一般,可作为产期调节加工品种栽培.沙华绿抽穗率低,每株结果数少,株产低,说明该品种在设施栽培条件下,较难成花,株产低,不建议作为设施栽培产期调节品种.

本研究利用CodonW、SPSS、Excel软件对芒果叶绿体基因组55条蛋白编码序列的密码子开展了中性绘图、PR2-plot、ENC-plot和最优密码子分析.结果表明,芒果叶绿体基因的有效密码子(ENC)偏好性不强,分布在35.38～56.56;GC3s含量26.29％,说明密码子末位碱基以A/T结尾为主;ENC与GC3极显著相关.相对同义密码子分析,RSCU>1的密码子有31个,其中,以A和T结尾的29个,表明A和T是基因组偏爱的密码子.中性绘图、PR2-plot和ENC-plot分析表明,芒果叶绿体基因组密码子使用偏好受突变和选择等因素共同作用的影响.通过高频率密码子和高表达优越密码子相结合的方法进行分析,筛选出主要以A和T结尾的芒果叶绿体基因组最优密码子19个,分别是GCT、TGT、GAA、TTT、GGT、CAT、ATT、AAA、TTA、CCT、CAA、AGA、CGA、CGT、AGT、TCT、ACT、GTA和CTT.

Chlorophytum comosum is a perennial ornamental plant in the family Liliaceae, it is also a valuable medicinal plant. To enrich the genetic resources of C. comosum, its chloroplast genome was determined by Illumina sequencing data. The chloroplast genome is a typical quadripartite structure with a size of 153,983 bp, of which the LSC region is 83,471 bp, the SSC region is 18,010 bp, and the pair of IR regions is 26,251 bp. The overall GC content is 37%. It contains 131 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that C. comosum is closely related to Chlorophytum rhizopendulum. However, it can be distinguished from other plants. This study enriches the sequence resources of C. comosum and provides important data for the development of molecular identification markers.

炭疽病和细菌性黑斑病是杧果生产上的重要病害,严重影响杧果的产量和质量.采用室内离体接种鉴定法,以抗病品种台农1号杧为对照,对桂热杧3号果实不同发育时期(幼果期、膨大期、成熟期)及转绿期叶片进行炭疽病和细菌性黑斑病的抗病性测定.结果 表明,幼果期、果实膨大期、果实成熟期和叶片转绿期的炭疽病病情指数分别为37.78、25.33、31.33、28.00,抗性评价为抗病.幼果期、果实膨大期、果实成熟期、叶片转绿期的细菌性黑斑病的病情指数分别为30.56、22.92、27.38、19.45,幼果期抗病评价为中抗,其余3个时期为抗病.桂热杧3号幼果期和果实膨大期的炭疽病病情指数达显著性差异水平(p＜0.05),桂热3号杧与台农1号杧转绿期叶片炭疽病病情指数达显著性差异水平.说明桂热杧3号是一个对炭疽病抗病、对细菌性黑斑病中抗的晚熟杧果品种.

为了改善栽培品种结构,探讨设施栽培产期调节技术,调节杧果鲜果供应市场时间,在南宁建设设施大棚,2016-2019年对南逗迈4号杧开展设施栽培模式下产期调节试验.结果表明,在设施栽培模式下,南逗迈4号杧宜在4月上旬前修剪,7-8月促花2?3次,调控在8月上旬至10月下旬开花着果,12月下旬果实成熟.南逗迈4号杧适合作为设施栽培产期调节品种,12月成熟,平均单果质量366.4 g,可溶性固形物含量19.5％,可食率73％.高接换种后第2年每667 m2产量470.4 kg,第3年每667 m2产量959.4 kg,第4年每667 m2产量1 049.1 kg,品种产期调节生产性状优,是具有发展前景的杧果设施栽培产期调节新品种.

本研究以木薯花芽与叶芽为材料,通过Illumina HiSeqTM 4000测序平台对其进行转录组测序,结果获得高质量序列45 010 506个、碱基数13.46 Gb,GC含量在43.5％以上、比对效率在78％以上.筛选得到3 782个差异表达基因(DEGs),其中上调2 409个、下调1 373个.DEGs涉及的主要功能有一般功能预测,翻译,复制、重组与修复,信号传导机制,次生产物合成、运输与代谢,翻译后修饰、蛋白质周转和分子伴侣,氨基酸运输与代谢,碳水化合物运输与代谢.DEGs显著富集的KEGG通路主要有植物激素信号传导、苯丙烷类生物合成、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、苯丙氨酸代谢、氨基酸的生物合成和碳代谢.获得植物开花相关基因47个,其中39个上调表达、8个下调表达.研究结果在一定程度上解析了木薯花芽分化的分子机制,并为后续的深入研究提供了基础数据.