目的提高军队疾控机构实验室检测能力和管理水平,保证检测结果准确可靠。方法结合实际,建立并运行满足《检测和校准实验室能力认可准则》和《实验室资质认定评审准则》要求的实验室管理体系。结果通过了实验室认可和国家级资质认定评审。总结出6点做法:(1)精心组织、周密计划,真正做好顶层设计;(2)广泛调研,借鉴经验,结合实际建立体系;(3)充分授权,加强管理,按岗按责运行体系;(4)强调资质,加强培训,切实保证人员能力;(5)完善设施,溯源设备,全面做好质量保证;(6)纠正整改,持续改进,不断完善管理体系。结论开展实验室认可和计量认证应选择适合自身的方法途径,建立有效适用的文件化管理体系和确定适宜可行的能力范围。

目的建立科学的部队疾控机构人员考核评价指标体系,对干部工作表现、绩效和贡献进行综合考核评价,提升个体能力和全员素质。方法采用专家访谈法确定综合考评项目、指标及其权重,经过筛选后建立干部综合考评指标体系;通过指标数据计权统计,获得量化的考评成绩;通过考评结果公示、内部沟通和奖励措施,实施和改进考评效果。结果通过6年的实践,单位劳动纪律和出勤率明显改善,参加任务的积极性明显提高,技术干部队伍流动正向有序,全员能力素质得到提升。结论部队疾控机构技术人员综合考评的实施,有利于个体自我约束机制和群体激励机制的形成,为科学评价专业技术干部提供了量化手段。

通过对60周年国庆首都阅兵受阅车辆方队集训营地和生活工作特点的分析,探讨卫生防疫保障需求,并采取了实施严格的疾病监控措施,杜绝群体性疾病发生;完善应急预案,落实防控措施,将甲型H1N1型流感疫情拒之于阅兵村门外;加大卫生监督力度,确保部队饮食、饮水、公共场所和训练的卫生安全;周密计划,严密组织,搞好阅兵村消杀灭工作等措施。上述举措实现了无传染病流行、无食物中毒发生、无因疾病减员的总体目标要求,保证了集训和受阅的正常进行。受阅车辆方队卫生防疫工作的实践与经验,对今后大规模部队集结行动的卫生防疫保障具有重要指导意义。

目的介绍了热释光剂量测量系统的检定与质量控制程序。方法在精密筛选探测器和保持读出系统稳定性的基础上,在标准辐射场照射(LiF:Mg,Cu,P)探测器,通过读出系统得出计数并计算出校准因子;在标准辐射场照射一约定值验证校准因子;用自备辐照仪进行热释光剂量测量系统的质量控制。结果获得热释光剂量测量系统校准因子:1.76×10-3 mSv/计数;通过了标准盲样的验证;确定了自备辐照仪照射量与热释光剂量测量系统读出计数的关系。结论通过对热释光剂量测量系统的校准、验证及质量自控,保证了检测结果的真实准确,使个人剂量监测更加规范和可靠。

Objective To evaluate the safety and immune efficacy of combined emergency inoculation with measles and rubella vaccine in an PLA unit during a large-scale exercise.Methods Some PLA troops who took part in a large-scale exercise in 2009 in Beijing were inoculated with combined vaccines of measles and rubella.The related medical and vaccine records were collected and the immune effects and safety were evaluated and compared to that in 2008 in Beijing.Results The protection rates of the combined vaccine with measles and rubella were 98.51% and 100.00% respectively.The vaccine results were good in 6475 inoculators,8 had systematic reaction and 18 had local reaction,but they all returned to normal 48 h after treatment.Conclusion The emergency inoculation of combined measles and rubella vaccine is effective and safe and can effectually decrease the incidence of measles and rubella in army troops during large-scale military exercises.

<正>新大纲规定担负全训任务的部队每年要落实4个月的外训任务。部队在外训练时间长,演习任务重,动车动炮频繁,人员居住相对分散,管理难度加大,安全隐患增多,疾病发生概率较高。因此,做好部队野营训练期间的卫生防病工作是检验各级卫勤指挥人员和保障人员综合素质及能力水平较好

<正>为规范实验室管理,确保检测质量,向部队和社会提供准确、公正、可靠的数据,为客户提供优质服务,依据中国合格评定国家认可委员会(CNAS)发布的实验室认可准则的要求,结合本中心实际情况,组织实施实验室认可工作。现将主要做法和体会报告如下。

沙门菌属按抗原结构分析,有2000多个血清型,我国常见的沙门菌血清型约有100种[1],其中以猪霍乱沙门菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌和肠炎沙门菌较为多见.2010年7月4～6日,驻内蒙古某部有10人先后出现腹痛、腹泻、发热、呕吐等症状,经流行病学调查和实验室检测,确定这是一起由曼哈顿沙门菌污染食品引起的食物中毒,现将其流行病学调查情况报告如下.

目的探讨新型移动式CT辐射危害与防护规律。方法根据国家相关标准对移动式CT辐射场周围进行散漏射线检测和CT装置剂量学、影像质量性能指标的检测。结果移动式CT的性能及运行特点对受检者、放射工作人员和公众的防护提出了新的课题。结论应根据移动式CT应用特点,探索其放射防护规律。

<正>近年来,特别是SARS爆发以来,部队加强了对突发公共卫生事件的重视,流行病学调查(流调)已成为卫生防疫人员的一项重要工作。以往我们对一个相关人员从流调信息的采集到打印"流调表"需要半个小时左右的时间,且信息的存储都以Word文档形式保存,内容和格式不够统一,采集信息的

目的对《军队医用诊断X射线放射卫生防护标准》(GJB 1105-91)进行修订。方法采用资料综述法和现场调查法,对现行相关标准规定以及军队医用X射线诊断的现状和卫生防护需求进行总结分析,确定标准修订的原则和思路。结果现行医用诊断X射线卫生防护相关标准增加了不少新的项目指标,原有项目指标的限值也有较大改变,军队医用诊断X射线的卫生防护条件发生了显著改善,驻军以上医院与部队基层卫生单位的差距更趋明显,(GJB 1105-91)的修订非常必要。结论修订稿的各项指标、限值与相关最新国家标准相一致,同时又兼顾了当前军队放射诊疗活动的规律和特点,可以满足军队放射诊断卫生防护的各方面需求,具有科学性、先进性和可操作性。

Objective To study the germicidal efficacy and mechanism of a double-chain quaternary ammonium salts disinfectant.Methods Carrier quantitative gemicidal test and scanning electron microscope observation were used to observe the germicidal efficacy and the ultrastructure of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.Results The killing rate were both 100% of S.aureus and E.coli by the disinfectant solution containing the double-chain quaternary ammonium salts 100 mg/L with 5 min contact time.Scanning electron microscopic observation found that after exposure to 25 mg/L the double-chain quaternary ammonium salts for 20 min S.aureus thalli still had intact external shape,but bacterial surface was rough and a few bacterial thalli was folds.Part surface of E.coli showed sunken and folds.After exposed to 100 mg/L the double-chain quaternary ammonium salts for 20 min,the cell wall of S.aureus showed clear folds and rupture.The bacterial surface had many pellet substance coming out to make small bubble and spherical body shape.Parts of E.coli broken and rupture.Conclusions The double-chain quaternary ammonium salts with low concentration has rapid germicidal efficacy on vegetative forms of bacteria.It may relate to the agglutination of cytoplasm and leakage of intracellular substance of bacteria.

目的保障临床核医学诊断与治疗实践中的工作人员、患者和公众的健康与安全。方法根据临床核医学的特点,结合日常放射防护监督监测实践经验,分析影响人员健康和安全的诸多因素并提出应对策略。结果临床核医学科自身的运行规律以及实际管理中存在的诸多问题,是造成职业人员、患者和公众健康受到危害的主要原因。结论必须在建设、运行阶段对人员、设备、设施、管理等方面严格把关,才能切实消除隐患,保证临床核医学项目安全健康运行。

Objective To design a kind of detecting Robot used for epidemic prevention to detect places with nuclear, chemical or biological hazards and look for wounded soldiers in NBC medical relief. Methods Using the specific devices like sensors that the Robot carried, nuclear, biological or chemical hazards could be detected quantitatively and qualitatively with location determined and samples collected. Results Using the Robot for epidemic detection and prevention could effectively avoid nuclear, biological or chemical threats. Conclusion The Robot can be used for NBC Medical Defense and hazards detection in other dangerous areas.

目的研究介入放射实践中存在的放射防护问题并寻求解决方法。方法针对介入放射学防护工作现状,分析存在的各类问题,并提出相应对策。结果解决目前存在的问题需着重在4个方面下工夫:(1)加强放射防护法规标准的宣传贯彻。(2)加强介入放射实践的放射防护监督监测力度。(3)加大介入放射项目的设备和设施投入。(4)切实提高介入放射人员的诊疗和防护技术水平。结论对介入放射学实践中存在问题的分析探讨以及提出针对性的建议对于改进介入放射学防护工作具有积极意义。

目的探讨《军队疫情统计分析系统》对传染病疫情数据统计分析的意义。方法《军队疫情统计分析系统》程序模块主要由数据导入模块、编辑修改模块、查重补漏模块、疫情预警模块、统计报表模块、图表功能模块、数据备份恢复模块组成。通过导入疫情日报Excel表和疫情卡报DBF表,实现对疫情数据自动预警、分析、统计和汇总。结果该系统具有统计分析周期短、错误率几乎归零、简单易用、兼容性强的特点。克服了人为方式统计而发生的疏漏现象,保证了数据的准确性和可靠性,同时提高了工作效率。结论《军队疫情统计分析系统》可为决策部门提供传染病疫情的第一手资料,为部队疫情防控提供快捷有力的保障。

Objective To determine the epidemiological characteristics of pandemic(H1N1) in 2009 in some military unit.Results Epidemiological characteristics of 53 confirmed cases of A(H1N1) influenza recorded in 2009 in this military area were analyzed,including the distribution of age,sex,profession and the date of occurrence.Results Among the subjects affected by pandemic(H1N1),men accounted for 98.11%(52/53).All the subjects were between 19 to 72 years of age,and the median was 21 years of age.The patients included infantrymen,office attendants,automobile drivers and security guards.Most cases occurred during September 3 to September 7,2009.Conclusion It is more likely that Pandemic(H1N1) break out in units with organizational structures and that sporadic epidemic flu cases break out in logistic units.

目的总结分析部队放射防护工作中存在的问题,提供应对策略,为搞好新时期放射防护工作提供指导。方法采用实践和理论相结合的分析方法,寻求解决问题的途径。结果目前部队放射防护工作在法规建设、技术训练、大型射线项目、介入放射学、放射工作人员数量与素质、放射诊断设备和设施等方面还存在不同程度的问题,需要在制订新法规、人装结合训练、严格大型射线项目和介入放射学的监管、探索引进使用人才新途径和发挥多部门联动作用等方面重点加强。结论放射防护是具有很强政策性和技术性的工作,必须制订和执行新政策,学习和应用新技术,根据面临的新形势创造性地展开工作,才能切实提高军队放射防护工作的水平。

Objective To observe the germicidal efficacy of a new type of Gemini Surfactants(1,3-DBnQA).Methods Carrier quantitative germicidal test was carried out.Results The results showed that the killing rates of Bacillus subtilis var.niger spores exposed to the solution containing 1,3-DBnQA 10000mg / L for 120min,were 100%;the killing rates were higher than 99.54% when exposed to the solution containing 1,3-DBnQA 5000mg / L for 120min;the killing rates of vegetative forms of bacteria exposed to the solution containing 1,3-DBnQA 100mg / L for 10min,0r 50mg / L for 20min,or 25mg / L for 30min were 100%.The killing rates were higher than 99.93% when the PH changed from 5.0 to 9.0.The germicidal efficacy were the best at PH 9.0.organic serum had slight influence on germicidal efficacy of the 1,3-DBnQA.Conclusions This new type of Gemini Surfactants has relatively strong killing effect on vegetative forms of bacteria and bacterial spores.

部队野外驻训期间,若不采取切实可行的卫生防病措施,极易造成疾病的发生,特别是传染病的暴发和流行.因此,研究部队野外驻训条件下的综合防病措施,对保障和巩固部队战斗力,圆满完成驻训任务有着十分重要的意义.笔者结合多年来参加野外驻训保障的经验,总结综合保障措施,以指导部队开展卓有成效的卫生防病工作.