In order to demonstrate the mechanism of promoting crop growth by the well-cellar style transplanting (WCST), this study analyzed the physiological, biochemical and transcriptomic characteristics of tobacco seedlings under WCST compared with the conventional transplanting (CT), in which seedlings were transplanted on membranes. The results showed that under WCST, the average air temperature and average relative humidity of the atmosphere were 22.29 ℃ and 97.10%, enhanced by 4.76 ℃ and 58.97% compared with CT, respectively. However, the average photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was 221.57 μmol/(m2·s), reduced by 20.53% than CT. After transplanting, the plant height and maximum leaf area under WCST were significantly improved, and the leaf water potential was enhanced between 29.92% and 64.46%. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) activities and malonaldehyde (MDA) content were reduced by 14.48%, 8.86%, and 9.83% compared with CT (P＜0.05), respectively. There were 4 845 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified, including 2 693 down-regulated genes and 2 152 up-regulated genes according to transcriptome sequencing. Some down-regulated DEGs are significantly enriched in “oxidation-reduction process” and “oxidoreductase activity” according to gene ontology (GO) annotation. Some DEGs involved in “flavonoid biosynthesis” are significantly enriched according to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. WCST decreased the gene expressions of chalcone isomerase, flavanone-3-hydroxylase,flavonol synthase,flavonoid-3´-hydroxylase,andflavonol-3-O-glucoside L-rhamnosyltransferaserelated with flavonoid biosynthesis, and significantly reduced the contents of the dihydroquercetin, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, luteolin, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside. The higher air temperature, air relative humidity and lower PAR were beneficial to the growth and development of tobacco seedlings under WCST, which avoiding the adverse stress.

近年来,人们越来越重视托盘育苗的应用,但托盘育苗肥水管理问题限制了该模式的进一步使用.为充分体现托盘育苗根系发达的种植优势,给扩大旱床托盘育苗应用范围奠定坚实的技术基础,对托盘旱床育苗的肥水精准控制开展研究,以气象数据为基础,开展数学模型分析,结合各项综合测试,得出较为科学合理的肥水控制方法,杜绝托盘旱床育苗干盘、水涝、施肥浓度或营养不足等问题的发生,降低控制难度,达到育壮苗、健苗,降低病虫害发生率的目的.

为探究不同海拔下植烟土壤细菌群落结构特征及影响细菌群落结构的主要因素,在贵州省遵义地区选择海拔800 (ZL)、1000 (ZS)和1200m (ZH)的3块植烟土壤,采用16SrRNA高通量测序法对植烟土壤微生物多样性进行分析.结果 表明,ZL和ZH处理植烟土壤细菌α多样性均低于ZS处理;3个海拔下植烟土壤优势门为放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota),放线菌门的相对丰度以ZL处理最高,较ZH处理提高了34.22％;变形菌门表现则相反,ZH处理变形菌门丰度较ZL处理显著提高.绿弯菌门与酸杆菌门丰度在3个海拔处理中表现较为一致,均为ZS＞ZL＞ZH.聚类热图分析结果显示,土壤含水率和pH与Armatimonadota和蓝细菌门(Gyanobacteria)存在显著正相关关系,与变形菌门存在显著负相关关系;变形菌门、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和髌骨菌门(Patescibacteria)与土壤微生物量氮存在显著正相关关系,而与速效钾存在极显著负相关关系.

为提高上部烟叶工业可用性,满足细支卷烟对高香气、高满足感烟叶原料需求,以云烟87和K326为材料,以常规采收为对照,设置延迟采收4、8 d2个成熟度处理,分析采收成熟度对上部烟叶外观质量、化学指标及感官质量的影响.结果表明:云烟87品种上部烟叶延迟采收4 d,可以加深烟叶颜色,提高油分含量和色度,改善烟叶感官评吸质量,提高烟气圆润感、柔和程度,烟叶化学成分更加协调,更加符合细支卷烟对高香气、高满足感原料的需求;推迟8 d采收,烟叶工业可用性有降低趋势.K326品种延迟采收,烟叶颜色加深,但烟叶理化品质、外观及内在评吸质量均随着采收时间延迟而下降,枯焦气、刺激性和干燥感增加.因此,适度提高云87的采收成熟度,可改善其上部烟叶香气质,提高烟气的满足感,符合细支卷烟对烟叶原料需求方向.

烟叶可持续发展(STP)是当今世界最新的烟叶生产管理理念.基于此,对烟叶生产可持续发展(STP)的产生背景、发展现状进行阐述,并将烟叶生产可持续发展(STP)与我国烟草行业提出的可持续发展理念进行比较,以促进我国烟叶生产与管理的科学化.

The current research status of tobacco stem utilization was introduced, and the main methods and characteristics of tobacco stem u-tilization were summarized.In view of the present characteristics of Chongqing tobacco growing areas, the reuse of waste tobacco stems in Chongqing tobacco growing areas was discussed.

Chinese agriculture is confronted with more challenges globally after entering WTO and it is necessary to improve agricultural cooperatives which play an important role in marketing. In the research, the significance, progress, problems of professional tobacco cooperative and the evolvement direction were explored based on existing issues of its role in monopsony markets of agricultural product and the development.

The connotation and the historical reasons for the origination of the tobacco with characteristics were elaborated,the formation mechanism,achievement and the current issues were summarized.Additionally,the future development of the tobacco with characteristics was forecasted.

2009年余庆县引进兴烟一号、金海一号、矮哥1号和自育品种YQ-1号以及特色品种红花大金元等烤烟品种(系)进行生产试验。试验结果表明:各品种综合经济效益以兴烟一号最好,YQ-1号、金海一号次之、综合经济指标均高于对照K326。矮哥1号、红花大金元较差,综合经济指标均低于对照K326。

在生态环境和栽培措施一致的情况下,以K326为对照,通过小区对比试验对湖南中烟提供的99-2-4、99-2-6、9506三个品种,贵州省烟科所提供的黔烟1号、黔烟5号、黔烟8号,以及安徽烟草所提供的6517、6527,共8个品种的农艺性状、经济性状及产值进行分析。结果表明:品种6527均价、上等烟率、亩产值均比K326高,适宜余庆种植。

在同一地块,相同栽培、管理水平条件下进行烤烟揭膜与否以及不同揭膜方式田间比较试验,结果表明,大田移栽后35 d揭膜培土上厢的处理生育期最长,为139 d;农艺性状表现较优,其株高、留叶数、最大叶叶面积均高于其他处理;烟叶产量、质量较高,综合经济效益较好,其次为打顶后7～10 d脚叶采收完揭膜的处理,打顶后7～10 d脚叶采收完后破膜不揭膜的处理与全生育期不揭膜的处理差别不明显。

贵州省余庆县在整县推进现代烟草农业建设中,以基地单元为单位,引导组建综合服务型烟农专业合作社,实现了烟叶生产提质增效、减工降本,有力促进了余庆烟叶生产的持续健康发展。

A comparative test of YQ-1,Yunyan 87 and Nanjiang 3 was conducted to study their comprehensive performance and to provide the scientific basis for approval and popularization of YQ-1.The results showed that YQ-1 had the advantages of strong growth vigor,wider leaf,good resistance to diseases and adversity,especially for rhizome diseases compared with CK.The appearance,inner and smoking quality of YQ-1 was similar to CK.The K content was higher than CK.The comprehensive economic benefit of planting YQ-1 was higher than the average level of tobacco varieties in Yuqing County.

The scattered leaf dense backing technique popularization and application was developmented in Yuqing country in 2010.The application of this technique shows that it is wen worth developing because of its save work,low cost,energy-saving,and improving tobacco backing quality.

The different insertional position of kaipianjiangjianling was tested to investigate the effect on tobacco yield and quality for improving upper tobacco quality and raising farmers' income.The results show that kaipianjiangjianling can significantly increase tobacco yield and output value by raising the tobacco length and width obviously and there is no significant difference between different treatments.The nicotin content of treatment 1, 2 and 3 decreases 17.92%,15.28% and 12.26%,the reduction sugar content increases 160.15%,129.21% and 20.54%,the leaf weight and thickness decreases 7.6%,9.8% and 13.68%,and 25.8 μm,25.1 μm and 26.2 μm,the balance water content increases 9.28%,7.86% and 3.31%,the free burning time of treatment 1,2 and 3 shortens 2.43 s,3.02 s and 0.1 s compared with CK respectively.

为了解决余庆县部分烟叶钾含量偏低问题,2006年在余庆县花山乡万里村中等肥力的黄壤上设置了烟叶含钾量以及产量与质量之间关系的小区对比试验,结果表明:施用不同量的钾肥对烟株大田生育期和农艺性状影响不大。适量增施硫酸钾(150kg/hm2)有利于烟叶产量与质量的提高。烟叶总糖、还原糖含量有一定增加,烟碱含量降低。硫酸钾施入酸性土壤后会使土壤进一步酸化,应与有机肥、磷矿粉、石灰配合施用,以免造成土壤酸化和板结。

The experiment was conducted to investigate effects of nicotine-reducing agent and remained leaf number on yield and quality of tobacco.The results show that the nicotine-reducing agent has a significant effect on leaf-opening of the upper leaves and there are the significant differences among four treatments but no difference between first-class tobacco and average price.The nicotine content of the upper leaves of remained 22,24 and 26 leaf treatments treated by the nicotine-reducing stick is 0.75%,0.42% and 0.66% lower than CK respectively.The leaf weight of remained 24 and 26 leaf treatments treated by the nicotine-reducing stick is 0.8 mg/cm~2 and 0.1mg/cm~2 lower than CK separately.The leaf thickness of remained 22,24 and 26 leaf treatments treated by the nicotine-reducing stick is 42.3 μm,38.1μm and 69.6μm lower than CK respectively.The balance water content of remained 22,24 and 26 leaf treatments treated by the nicotine-reducing stick is(6.8%),2.0% and 3.2% higher than CK separately.The burning time of remained 22 and 24 leaf treatment treated by the nicotine-reducing stick is 2.5s and 1.2s higher than CK respectively and the burning time of remained 26 leaf treatment treated by the nicotine-reducing stick is 0.5s lower than CK.