姚鼐部分手稿流传于亲友弟子间,因手稿的书法与学术价值而被珍藏.陈用光颇为留意姚鼐信札的收藏,装潢成十册,并邀法式善、英和、王芑孙、鲍桂星等人题识;姚鼐次子姚师古将姚鼐家书汇编为二册,乞管同题识,邓廷桢等二十七人观览记名,倪道杰作跋述其购此手稿且拟付诸景印;此外,另有零散姚鼐手稿为马其昶、沈曾植、姚豫等收藏,吴汝纶、范当世、姚永概等人为之赋诗题跋.如上题识虽多为附骥之作,但因载有姚鼐古文及书法等方面的评论,为姚鼐研究提供新的材料,亦为探究桐城派传衍提供新的视角.

吴汝纶是我国近代著名的教育家、思想家、文学家,他从日本考察学制回来后,创办桐城学堂,因积劳成疾,不幸去世.在他去世后,国内外对其评价极高.21世纪以来,学界更是高度关注,推出了一批很有影响的研究成果.本文在全面考察的基础上,对一百多年来的研究成果,予以综述,以飨读者.

姚文然是清初名宦,为清初政权的巩固和发展做出了贡献.以姚文然为研究对象,通过对其文集中奏疏的研读,讨论其为政之道,总结其重视制度建设、主张实行仁政、强调务实权变、维护官员尊严及劝君正行的施政风格与特色.

21世纪以来,桐城派研究成为清代历史文化研究的热点之一,尤其是桐城派文献整理取得了丰硕成果.这些成果既有名家的诗文集编纂出版,也有次要作家的诗文集整理问世;既有全集整理出版,也有选本编辑刊出;既有大陆整理出版的,也有港台地区刊印的.基于近20年来的桐城派文献整理的主要成果,予以梳理;并对今后桐城派文献整理出版,作一展望.

桐城虽非江南腹地,却与江南文化有千丝万缕的联系.作为江南政治教化的施行者,桐城张氏以及方苞、姚鼐众多弟子、友人接续在江南为官,有力地推动了当地的教化之风;姚鼐主讲钟山书院二十余年,弟子及再传弟子遍及东南,桐城派作家可视为江南人才的培养者;《古文辞类纂》的编纂和刊刻、流传,对归有光的追认及对阳湖派的导引,桐城派三祖等成为江南文脉的继往开来者.就此而言,桐城派堪称清代江南文化的引领者.

有关桐城派的历史定位,自五四以来大体有"谬种"说、"中介"说、"路障、桥梁"说三种,这是一个趋向深化的认识过程.应该总结这些认识,自觉建立一种总体性辩证批判思维,并把这种思维方法贯彻到研究桐城派发生、发展的全过程及各主要侧面.只有遵循辩证唯物论,秉持这种思维方法,才能给桐城派以准确定位,深化桐城派研究.这种方法对于与桐城派大体同一类型的那些"历史中间物"的定位与研究,具有借鉴作用.

张廷玉历官康熙、雍正、乾隆三朝,为清代官员选拔、人才培养和制度建设作出了积极贡献,成为盛世名臣;他居官清廉,宽厚待人,扶危济困,关心民瘼,成为清代官员的典范;在文学创作上,他主张崇经重史,多写载道之文,颇具桐城古文之风;因为他的特殊身份和地位,在一定程度上引导了当世学人的精神追求和价值取向,对清代中后期文坛产生了较为深远的影响.

姚莹是桐城派重要代表作家,号称"姚门四杰"之一.一生为官为文,不忘教育,既考察关心书院建设,也曾亲自主讲书院.主张书院教育要兴仁讲让,教化风俗;讲求道义,敦崇实学;敬仰前哲,振兴文风;慎选山长,广育人才.姚莹的书院教育实践,不仅促进了有关地区文化教育的发展,而且对桐城派古文理论和程朱理学的传播,都发挥了积极作用.

刘大櫆作为桐城派的重要代表人物,在诗文创作和文学思想方面多有建树,成为学界重点关注的领域.文章专门对刘大魁晚年担任黟县教谕,主讲歙县问政书院期间,在安徽教育事业方面的贡献及影响做了分析.指出刘大櫆在徽州任职和讲学,不仅推动了徽州教育的发展,而且还沟通了桐城文派与徽州朴学的联系与学术交流,扩大了安徽地域文化的影响.

方东树是桐城派中期重要代表作家,一生曾四次南下广东,客居时间十年之久.其间,他积极投身广东的书院教育,以文会友,勤奋著书立说,传播桐城派文学思想,为广东的教育发展作出了积极贡献.通过对方东树诗文集、方志及其他名家文集等文献的解读,梳理方东树在广东主讲书院和传播桐城派文论思想的具体情况,探讨其在教育上的成就,揭示其在传播桐城派文学理论和扩大桐城派影响等方面的作用.

In Qing Dynasty,Huizhou had well-developed education,prosperous culture,flourishing business and booming economy.These factors made Huizhou to be a typical region which had harmonious,stable society and rich,prosperous economy.There were many complex reasons to cause the phenomenon,but the most important one was the thousands of years education tradition in Huizhou.From the clan to various circles of the society,they put the education development and talent cultivation onto a very important place to recognize.Also,they supported talent cultivation through good system,management and investment.Huizhou patriarchal clan's attention to talent cultivation originated from the purpose to revitalize the clan,get on in life and uphold the family honor.However,in practice process,the attention was beneficial to person,clan,society and posterity.Therefore,Huizhou's successful experiences in talent cultivation and employment is worthy of academic research.

Three missing articles of Zhang Ying of Tongcheng have been found in Wang Family Genealogy of Gaolin, that is, “The Introduction of Wang Family Genealogy of Gaolin”, “The Biography of Er Yu Gong” and “The Introduction of Wang’s Aunt Hu Tai-ruren’s Eighty Years’ Birthday”, which are of literature and certain research value. Zhang Ying has introduced the development of Wang family of Gao Lin, its compiling characteristics, his comments on compiling genealogy and his profound friendship with Wang Dewen. At the same time, appreciating Er Yu Gong and Hu Tai-ruren very much, he also writes a preface and biography to sing them.

<正>近从一民间收藏家处得观晚清国学大师、近代著名教育家、思想家吴汝纶先生致方伦叔信函四封,三封为《吴汝纶全集》(黄山书社,2002年)未收;一封已收人全集,但内容删减较多。根据对相关文献资料的考证,四封信函写于清代光绪九年至十五年之间,其中有些内容涉及相关的人和事,对研究吴汝纶的思想和晚清社会,具有重要的学术价值和史料价值。现予以整理,以飨读者。

方宗诚是桐城派后期代表人物,在其教育活动中,文学教育成为其教育实践的重要内容之一。在文学教育过程中,通过选编、节录、评点等方式编写新的文学选本作为教材。注重掌握文法,强调在读文与作文中,突出文章主题和篇章结构。重视诗歌对生徒性情养成的重要作用。方宗诚的文学思想在文学本体论、文章功能与分类、文章风格及桐城派文学发展上既有承续也有创新,丰富了桐城派的文学理论。并且,他通过整理乡邦文献,保存大量先贤诗文;通过文学教育,培养出一批桐城派作家,扩大了桐城派的影响力。

Yao Nai devoted his whole life to the academy education.He served as the speaker of some important academies for forty years in Jiangsu and Anhui province successively.In these forty years,he spent fifteen years in Jingfu academy in Anqing and Ziyang academy in Shexian,which is the most important period in his career of academy education.This paper narrates Yao Nai's understandings on academy teaching and management,and tries to reveal Yao Nai's influence on Tongcheng School,the academy education of Anhui province and the development of local cultural undertakings by analyzing his educational activities in academies.

As the largest,most influential school of literature in the Qing Dynasty,Tongcheng School is studied,as well as the phenomenon of cultural remains,which is closely related Tongcheng writer.Jingfu College is the largest and the longest official college in Anhui in the Qing Dynasty.To have worked in the college as a leader for twelve years,Yao Nai is the synthesizer of Tongcheng School.He made the literature theory and thought of Tongcheng School get promotion and development.Jingfu College becomes the important material carrier of Tongcheng School spirit culture inheritance.Strengthening the protection and utilization of Jingfu College can be good to promote the cultural influence of Wanjiang culture.

There is a Zhang Ting-yu's lost article and two Wang You-dun's lost articles in Qing Dynasty in Huizhou genealogy,and they have a certain historical value.Zhang Ting-yu wrote a preface for Jiyang Jiang Family's genealogy to reflect his historical viewpoint.Wang You-dun wrote genealogy preface to reflect his spectrum learning ideas,and record the related families and the character of the behavior and deeds.He wrote an article about Hu Ji of biography,reflected the Huizhou merchants in the field of social participation and control.

安徽省黟县实行"文物管理局与规划局"合署办公的措施,开创了一种新型的历史文化名城管理体制,即将城市规划与历史文化名城保护结合起来综合考虑,取得了良好的效果.本文分析了这一体制的积极作用,并从体制内部与体制外部两方面探讨了这一体制灵活运作的必要条件.

方苞作为桐城派的创始人,一生注重名节,身怀天下之志,主张经世致用,体察下情,关注民生,这些对桐城派中后期代表作家"经世致用"思想的形成,产生了十分重要的积极影响,也是桐城派之所以能绵延几百年而不衰的主要原因之一。方苞"义法"说的文论思想,为桐城派文论的形成奠定了基石,内容丰富,内涵深刻,影响久远。方苞的散文创作实践,是以他自己创立的文论思想为指导,体现出文章布局结构严谨,创作内容讲究取材的多样性和典型性。其散文创作特色,主要表现为叙事简洁传神,说理透彻新颖,语言质朴雅洁,写人生动形象。因此,从方苞的创作实践来看,他也堪称为桐城文派之正宗与楷模,为后世桐城派作家树立了典范。

第四届全国桐城派学术研讨会于2009年10月17—18日在安徽桐城市召开。与会专家主要就桐城名家、桐城派与桐城文化、桐城派文献等方面的学术问题进行了深入的讨论与交流,取得了丰硕成果。