棉酚是存在于棉花的根、茎和种子中的一种黄酮类化合物.尽管棉酚具有多种生物学活性,但其附带的毒性限制了其应用.为了探讨醋酸棉酚(GA)对睾丸组织损伤的体内效应和对睾丸抗氧化损伤的生殖毒性机制,本试验将小鼠随机分为4组:对照组(CG)、低剂量组[LG,30mg/(kg·bw)GA]、中剂量组[MG,60mg/(kg·bw)GA]和高剂量组[HG,90mg/(kg·bw)GA];其中后3个组每天灌服GA 1次,连续30d;30d后处死小鼠,测定小鼠的体重、睾丸重量、睾丸系数;采用荧光酶标法和分光光度法测定活性氧(ROS)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)含量;并对精子质量进行分析.结果显示:与对照组相比,GA可显著降低小鼠体重、睾丸重量、精子浓度、精子运动力(P＜0.05),但极显著增加精子畸形率(P＜0.01);GA呈剂量依赖式提高ROS的水平,抑制GSH-Px、CAT、T-SOD的活性.结果表明,高剂量棉酚可以使睾丸组织产生高水平的ROS,引发氧化应激,造成精子功能紊乱,但低剂量棉酚不会引起小鼠睾丸组织的氧化应激损伤却也能降低精子的运动性.虽然抗氧化酶可对睾丸组织有一定保护作用,但棉酚更易引起精子的损伤.

Aluminum (Al) causes hippocampal lesions by oxidative stress, which is widely accepted as the primary pathogenesis of Al neurotoxicity. Lycopene (LYC), a naturally carotenoid, has received extensive attention due to its antioxidant effect. In this study, the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of LYC against aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced hippocampal lesions were explored. First, oral administration of LYC (4 mg/kg) alleviated AlCl3-induced (150 mg/kg) cognition impairment and histopathological changes of the hippocampus in rats. Then, LYC significantly attenuated AlCl3-induced oxidative stress, presenting as the reduced reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels, and increased glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity. Moreover, LYC also protected the hippocampus from AlCl3-induced apoptosis and neuroinflammation, as assessed by protein levels of p53, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma gene 2 (Bcl-2), Cytochrome c (Cyt c), cleaved caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa B, as well as the mRNA levels of Bax, Bcl-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 beta. Finally, LYC increased nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation and its downstream gene expression, including heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1, glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and superoxide dismutase 1, which were involved in antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammation. Overall, our findings demonstrate LYC attenuates Al -induced hippocampal lesions by inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated inflammation and apoptosis in the rat.

Selenium (Se), an antioxidant agent, provides significant protection from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cell damage in vivo and in vitro. However, it is unclear whether Se can protect against zearalenone (ZEN)-induced apoptosis in chicken spleen lymphocyte. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of the apoptosis induced by ZEN in chicken spleen lymphocyte and further evaluated the protective mechanism of Se on ZEN-induced apoptosis. The results show that ZEN induced an increase in ROS generation and lipid peroxidation, and a decrease in levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione (GSH). The results of apoptosis morphologically from acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) fluorescent staining and flow cytometry analysis show apparent apoptosis in the ZEN-treated group, and was confirmed by the upregulation of caspase-3, -12 and downregulation of Bcl-2. Meanwhile, ZEN activated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by upregulating ER stress-related molecular sensors (GRP78, ATF6, ATF4, IRE). However, co-treatment with Se effectively blocked ROS generation, improved antioxdative capacity, and reversed apoptosis and ER stress-related genes and protein expression. Taken together, these data suggest that oxidative stress and ER stress play a vital role in ZEN-induced apoptosis, and Se had a significant preventive effect on ZEN-induced apoptosis in chicken spleen lymphocyte via ameliorating the ER stress signaling pathway.

动物医学模拟教学是通过各种模型和虚拟系统创建模拟某一疾病状态和临床诊治条件,从而培养学生实践动手能力和掌握临床基本诊疗技能的一种教学方法.笔者从目前动物医学教学现状、模拟教学在动物医学教学的必然发展趋势和优势、模拟教学应用中的教学用途和考核、模拟教学模型的研发及模拟教学中存在的不足和相应对策等方面进行了全面分析,以期为动物医学专业开设和发展模拟教学提供理论支持.

大动物难产救助是兽医产科学教学中的重要环节之一.文章针对国内高校兽医产科学中难产救助临床实践教学现状,应用大动物难产救助教学模型对模拟难产救助训练的优势及教学的具体实施方案和应用模拟难产救助教学训练存在的不足和今后发展方向进行阐述,探索弥补目前该传统教学内容的不足的新的教学方法.

在前期采用正交法筛选出具有清热解毒抑菌、去腐生肌的中药组方泡腾栓的基础上,采用HCLP法测定该中药泡腾栓中主要成分绿原酸和黄芩苷的含量,以此评价其质量,更高效地治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎.结果显示,绿原酸在波长349 nm下和黄芩苷在270 nm下,标准品分别在5.144 min和6.823 min出现明显的色谱峰,而阴性对照无峰出现.绿原酸和黄芩苷的标准曲线分别为A=10068C-2351.1,R=0.9995;A=20919C-132936,R=0.9999;精密度和重现性均良好;加样回收率分别为99.46±0.93和99.23±0.64;每粒栓剂中绿原酸和黄芩苷含量分别为2.91±0.031 mg和13.48±0.113 mg.表明建立起来的HPLC条件可以对该中药泡腾栓组分进行含量分析,并可评价其质量,为治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎中药栓剂的研发和生产提供质量检测保证.

棉酚(GP),又称棉籽醇,是一种黄色的酚类化合物,以游离棉酚(FG)和结合棉酚(BG)的形式存在于棉籽饼粕中.结合棉酚对动物无毒害作用,但小部分可在体内分离成游离棉酚.游离棉酚是指分子结构中活性基团(醛基和羟基)未被其他物质“封闭”的棉酚,对动物具有毒性[1].研究发现,棉酚具有抗炎、抗疟、抗病毒、抗生育及诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的能力[2-3].本试验通过测定雄性小鼠肾脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量及肾脏系数,研究不同浓度棉酚对雄性小鼠肾脏SOD、GSH-Px活性和MDA含量的影响,为更合理地利用棉酚提供依据.

通过分析农业院校兽医专业实践教学与专业人才培养情况,根据兽医专业的特点,在实践教学中有必要增加实验课教学课时比例,提高学生实践动手能力;提前谋划,让学生了解行业发展实际需求;设计综合实验课程,形成实战训练项目;抓好教学实习环节,锻炼学生的临床实战经验.只有突出上述几方面的建设,才能培养出具有实践能力强、容易就业、适应社会发展的人才.

为了探讨不同浓度棉酚对小鼠体重及肝脏组织抗氧化能力的影响,将32只小鼠随机分成4组(对照组和低中高剂量棉酚组),连续灌胃20 d后处死并取肝脏称重计算脏器指数,用分光光度法测定肝脏组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)或活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果随着灌胃天数的增加,对照组和低剂量组体重呈上升趋势,中、高剂量组体重呈下降趋势;各剂量组肝脏脏器指数明显增加,低、中剂量组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),高剂量组高于对照组(P＞0.05).随着棉酚剂量的增加,中、高剂量组SOD活力显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),低剂量组和中高剂量组GSH-Px活力显著低于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),中、高剂量组MDA含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),表明口服中、高剂量的棉酚可抑制小鼠体重的增加,降低肝脏的抗氧化能力,使脂质过氧化反应增强,导致肝脏氧化损伤,使肝脏功能受损.

为了观察棉酚对雄性小鼠的生殖毒性,将48只雄性小鼠随机分成4组.对照组(羧甲基纤维素钠)、低剂量组(30 mg/kg·d)、中剂量组(60 mg/kg·d)和高剂量组(240 mg/kg·d).连续灌胃给药20 d.第21天处死,取睾丸称重并计算脏器指数,将睾丸进行病理组织学观察.结果:前两周,高剂量组体重显著下降(P＜0.05),对照组体重显著上升(P＜0.05),第3周高剂量组体重差异极显著(P＜0.01);与对照组相比,低剂量组睾丸脏器指数差异极显著(P＜0.01),中剂量组差异显著(P＜0.05),高剂量组差异不显著(P＞0.05);睾丸组织进行H.E.染色,对照组无明显病理变化,低、中剂量组病变轻微,高剂量组正常结构遭到破坏,结构松散.结论:棉酚能够抑制小鼠体重的增长,不同浓度的棉酚对小鼠睾丸组织造成不同程度的病理损伤,60 mg/kg·d和240 mg/kg·d棉酚对雄性小鼠有致死作用.

To investigate the mechanism of biofilm-resistant Campylobacter j ejuni ,sulfuric acid-anthrone method for the determination of planktonic bacteria and biofilm bacteria extracellular polysaccharide yields. The experiment showed that quantity of water soluble extracellular polysaccharide improved then decreased with the time lasted.At the same time,adhesion bacteria is significantly lower than planktonic bacteria,(P<0.05),but the amouts of water insoluble extracellular polysaccharide were absolutely different.There was a significant differences of the ability in syntheses of exopolysaccharide between different conditions, reasons causing the differences may be acidic conditions where the biofilm grows and nutrients are deple-ted.

To study the influences of various environmental factors on the biofilm formation of Campylobacter jejuni,the orthogonal tests were used to synthetically analyze the influences of the air condition,type of medium and temperature on the biofilm formation with the optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.The results showed that the influences of three factors in descending order were the air condition,temperature,and type of medium.The biofilm-forming capacities were also different with each of these factors at different levels.The results indicate that the appropriate aerobic and oligotrophic environments were more conducive to the biofilm formation.

Campylobacter jejuni is a worldwide prevalent pathogen of zoonotic disease,was very hypercritical to the living conditions.In recent years,some scholars had found that the bacteria could form a biofilm to resistant to the adverse external environmental impact under certain conditions,this was also the important reason for the bacteria to survive in the harsh environment and drug resistance.We chose Campylobacter jejuni isolated from clinical samples as the research object in this study,built the biofilm model in vitro,established by a series of methods,such as PCR,scanning electron microscope and the orthogonal experiment,to study the characteristics and influence factors of the bioflm,looking forward to getting some useful results for clinical prevention and treatment and elimination of the drug resistance.

C.jejuni is a worldwide prevalent pathogen of zoonotic disease,was very hypercritical to the living conditions.In recent years,some scholars had found that,the bacteria could form a biofilm to resist the adverse external environmental impact under certain conditions,this was also the important reason for the bacteria to survive harsh environment and drug resistance.We chose Campylobacter jejuni isolated from clinical samples as the research object in this study,built the biofilm model in vitro,established by a series of methods,such as PCR,scanning electron microscope and the orthogonal experiment,to study the characteristics and influence factors of the bioflm,looking forward to getting some useful results for clinical prevention and treatment and elimination of the drug resistance.

为了研究更快、更加准确分离空肠弯曲杆菌的方法,试验同时采用常规生化法对由12份猪盲肠内容物中分离的可疑菌进行检测,得到了6个阳性样品,经特异性PCR检测,2个样品可定性为空肠弯曲杆菌,检测时间为7 d;而对所得菌株直接进行PCR检测,检测结果相同,检测时间为2 d。结果表明:PCR可以快速、特异性地检测空肠弯曲杆菌,与常规生化检测法相比是一种更有效的方法。

To research the acute toxicity action and the median lethal dose(LD50) of sodium selenite in mice.To observe the toxic reaction and death of mice for seven days,the sodium selenite solution for 70 mice was used as 2.77,4.3,6.67,10.3,16 and 24.8 mg·kg-1 in each group to intragastric administration,distilled water was used in control group,the toxic effect was observed and the LD50 were calculated by Modified Karber's method.The dose of LD50 of sodium delenite in mice was 10.8 mg·kg-1,and a 95% confidence range of its LD50 was 9.0-13.0 mg·kg-1.The safety dosage should be considered on clinical application and which should be on toxicology research because the determinate toxicity that sodium selenite had.

<正>氟磺胺草醚是二苯醚类除草剂[1],在大豆田中除阔叶杂草极为有效。随着大豆农田杂草群落演替,难治杂草增多,氟磺胺草醚成为大豆田中防治难治杂草必用品种。在氟磺胺草醚使用中存在随意增加用药量、药械不标准而重复喷洒等问题,导致残留危害问题日益突出[2],对人类和动物存在潜在威胁,另外也存在动物误食刚喷洒过农药的草而引起中毒的可

<正>2010年6月份,东北农业大学动物医院接诊了1例犬子宫单侧性子宫角540°扭转的病例,该病例比较少见,现将诊疗过程介绍如下。1病史调查该犬已经过了预产期4 d。经问诊得知,主人饲养的另一只犬在产仔后由于护仔行为,曾3次将该犬扑到,此后该犬就停止吃食,已经3 d。该犬从阴门

The fomesafen,one of selective herbicides,was widely applied to agricultural production,but it also had deleterious effect to the ecological environment.In order to observe fomesafen's toxic effects to immunologic function in rats,32 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups in every experiments:control group,low,middle and high dosage groups.Immune organs index,delayed typehyper sensitivity response and the enterocoelia macrophages cytophagy RBC were determined in 8-continuous-days oral administration.The result showed that the fomesafen could reduce the index of the thymus and spleen,could inhibit the cytophagy function of macrophages,but couldn't weake delayed-typehyper sensitivity.It indicated that fomesafen had certain immunotoxicity.

为指导临床合理用药，根据耐药表型和基因型研究耐氨基糖苷类药物猪源大肠杆菌的流行情况，采用K—B法检测大肠杆菌对氨基糖苷类药物的耐药性，同时用PCR技术扩增氨基糖苷类药物的耐药基因以明确其基因型。结果显示，60株临床分离菌中，耐氨基糖苷类抗生素菌株54株，耐药率为90％；aac（3）-Ⅰ基因PCR扩增均为阴性；aac（3）-Ⅱ基因检出阳性28例，阳性率为46．7％；aac（6’）-Ⅰ基因检出阳性54例，阳性率为90％。结果表明，耐氨基糖苷类药物的大肠杆菌比较普遍，氨基糖苷类耐药基因以aac（3）-Ⅱ和aac（6’）-Ⅰ为主。