通过对白水生姜脱毒试管苗进行不同移栽期及密度实验,结果表明:黔中地区在网室微型姜繁育中,适当提高生姜试管苗移栽密度,按15cm×20 cm株行距,在4月上.中旬栽植,能增加微型姜产量.4月中旬地温上升,试管苗移栽成活率高,在适宜的种植密度下能有效提高生姜单株或单位面积的原原种根茎产量.

本文对马铃薯脱毒试管苗快速繁殖技术优点及目前马铃薯脱毒试管苗快速繁殖过程现状进行分析,通过温室环境的选择、 苗床的准备工作、 试管苗移栽、 病虫害防治4方面对马铃薯脱毒试管苗快速繁殖的实施进行深入探讨,希望能为相关工作人员提供有效参考.

为火龙果试管苗的批量生产提供基础,以火龙果茎段上芽刺座为外植体,试验以MS为基本培养基,添加不同浓度不同种类激素,筛选火龙果离体培养诱导、增殖、生根培养的最适培养基,建立火龙果离体快繁体系.结果表明:适宜不定芽诱导分化的培养基为MS +4.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA组,诱导率达58.33％;继代增殖培养以MS+9.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA的组合最好,增殖倍数达12倍;生根培养基组合以1/2MS添加0.4 mg/L IBA +0.2 mg/L NAA,9d开始生根,生根效果最好,较最晚处理提前5d;试管苗入土驯化,以腐叶土为基质,移栽环境空气湿度为90％的综合效应最好,其试管苗成活率高达86.67％,生根时间早,根条数多、植株高、生长快,长势强.

通过开展不同节位、不同扦插期(春、夏、秋、冬)及土壤温湿度对金刺梨插穗成活率的影响试验，结果表明：不同节位、不同扦插期及土壤温湿度对金刺梨插穗的成活率均有明显影响。所有节位以中部节位在春、秋、冬季扦插，且春季地表温度在13.3～18.37℃之间、15 cm深土层温度在11.6～15.68℃之间、土壤湿度在10%～20.27%之间；秋季地表温度在10～21℃之间、15 cm深土层温度在15.23～20.27℃之间、土壤湿度在11.43%～17.13%之间；冬季地表温度在6.3～8.7℃之间、15 cm深土层温度在5.62～9.74℃之间、土壤湿度在16.27%～17.54%之间的成活率最高。所有扦插节位中，茎尖扦插效果最差，夏季扦插成活率最低。

以紫云甘薯(紫云红芯薯)茎尖作为外植体进行组培快繁脱毒体系建立研究.结果表明,薯块催芽并在35 ～40℃光照箱中热处理30 d,再结合微茎尖(0.1 ～0.3 mm)分生组织培养,经病毒检测能有效脱除甘薯羽状斑驳(SPFMV)病毒、甘薯潜隐病毒(SPLV)等.以MS为基本培养基,添加6-BA 3.0 mg/L有利于试管苗诱导分化;以MS+ IBA 0.5 mg/L为试管苗增殖与生根同步进行的培养基,增殖系数达5～8倍、生根率可达95％,且试管苗长势好,茎粗壮、叶深绿,入土驯化成活率达90％以上.

试验采用不同透光率遮阳网对网室生姜原原种繁育进行遮阴试验,结果表明:不同遮阴度对白水生姜脱毒原原种网室繁育存在极显著影响。移栽成活后无遮阴处理条件下试管苗长势好,产量最高,为918.98 kg/66 7m~2;全期遮阴95%处理条件下,试管苗后期植株长势弱,产量最低,仅为72.86 kg/687 m~2。

In order to explore the influence of the film mulching and soil covering cultivation to the commercial potato yield and economic characters in central Guizhou Province, this experiment used ‘ Xuanshu 2 ’ as the material, studied the influence of the different size potato, the different color of the film and the type of soil covering to the soil warm, the humidity, the number of days of seeding emergence, the commercial potato yield and economic characters. The results indicated that, the film mulching and soil covering cultivation turned out to be useful for temperature-increasing and moisturizing before and during seedling emergence in central Guizhou Province, the soil temperature ratio compared high 0.42-6.84℃ , the humidity enhanced 1.64%-18.95%, emerges and maturing quickly. Mid and late seedling emergence could reduce the soil layer humidity and the temperature effectively, specially soil layer humidity reduced 5.93%-6.4% in the mature period, reduced the rotten potato rate effectively, the commercial potato productive ratio comparison increased 25.96% . Using about 30 g the small potato could reduce the seed tuber amount used, reduce the production cost, obtain the maximum economic efficiency. Therefore, using small potato with the white film mulching and soil covering cultivation can effective enhance the commercial potato yield, the economic efficiency is the highest.

Research on the growth and development of sunflowers hydroponics by different concentration of IBA and processing time has been carried out.It was found that the root of the sunflower cutting with moderate quantity is thick and long after been soaked in 0.002% IBA for 5 min.The numbers of branches and flowers increases,and the growth period are in advance.The plant expresses better biological characteristics.It was also discovered that the other two treatments of IBA (15ppm,20 min;10ppm,20 min) can add to the number of flowers significantly,and the plant of sunflowers perform better marketability and ornamental and so on.

通过对紫云甘薯试管苗进行不同密度和移栽期种植试验,结果表明:在4月2日按株行距20cm×20 cm移栽试管苗对薯藤繁育效果最佳,薯藤粗壮,插段数量最多,达10894.33插段/667 m2。黔中地区紫云甘薯试管苗网室移栽时间以4月上旬至4月下旬较适宜。

Virus-free hypocaust cuttings are one of the key technologies to affect the survival rate of test-tube plantlet of potato.The cottage density is a key link to the repertoire of high-efficient and high-yield cultivation.This experiment used different cottage pattern and density to expand propagation of micro-Potato.The result show that by using the tweezers with cottage density of 5 cm x 5 cm,both the survival rate and the yield were significantly improved,the combine of which was the best production mode for breeding the micropotato,as well as cuttting down the cost of production.

In order to investigate in vitro propagation of ginger detoxification and system building method,useing Baishuiginger stem tissue as material was studied.The results showed that tuber germination and light in the 40-45℃ heat treatment box 30 d,combined with micro-tip(0.1-0.3 mm) meristem culture,could effectively remove Baishui ginger TMV,CMV virus.By MS as basic medium supplemented with 6-BA 2.0 mg/L,NAA 0.1 mg/L help tip induced differentiation;to MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.03 mg/L as the optimal vitro proliferation medium,up to 7 times the multiplication coefficient,cluster shoots green,strong,growing well;to MS+ NAA 0.1mg/L+ IBA 0.5 mg/L for rooting,rooting rate reached 100%,many fibrous roots.

对蒲包花进行液肥灌施试验,结果表明:灌施0.2%磷酸二氢钾,能极显著增加花朵数,增大花冠;灌施0.2%过磷酸钙处理农艺性状表现良好,生育期缩短,较早提前开花。

<正>百日草又名百日菊、步步高、火球花、五色梅、对叶菊、秋罗、步登高,菊科百日草属一年生草本花卉,喜温暖、不耐寒、怕酷暑、耐干旱、忌连作。百日草花大色艳,是花坛、花境布置的优秀材料,适宜在肥沃深厚的土壤中生长,其花期6～9月,在生长后期非常容易徒长,为防止徒长,使用植物生长调节剂B_9能有效地控制植株高度,同时还能调节花期,且操作简便,能取到良好的效

The split block design was used in mini-potato reproduction of Zhongshu 3 in autumn to study the effects of mini-potato weight and planting density on yield and yield characters.The results showed that the optimum planting density of mini-potato wich weighed 1～5 g and more than 5 g were 8 500～9 000 plants/667m2 and 6 500～7 000 plants/667m2 respectively.

The cultivation experiment with zero tillage and rice straw mulch technique was conducted in cultivation of Favorita,a virus-free potato variety with early maturity,in the paddy field to probe the new cultivation model and increase its yield per unit area and economic benefit for raising farmers'income.The results showed that the yield under the zero tillage cultivation technique increases by 224.9 kg/667m2 compared with that under the traditional ridge cultivation model and its increase range is up to 16.2% and the fractional harvest can help big potatoes go on the market early,which can greatly raise its net income(2681.50 Yuan/667m2).

微型薯生产以有效薯的多少来衡量产量的高低,有效薯越多,产量越高,扩繁系数越大,扩繁成本越低。试验进行了试管苗扦插密度及培土次数对网室生产脱毒微型薯数量的影响的研究。研究结果表明:合理的试管苗扦插密度和培土次数能显著提高微型薯产量,达到节本增效的目的。

用大叶山苍子成年雄株带芽茎段为外植体,研究不同激素种类和配比对山苍子离体培养及再生植株快繁的影响效果。结果表明:以MS+6-BA2.0mg/L+2.4-天1.0mg/L培养基适于带芽茎段愈伤组织的诱导分化,分化率达62.5%;以MS+6-BA2.0mg/L+NAA0.01mg/L培养基适于芽苗增殖,增殖倍数为5.3;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+IAA0.5mg/L+IBA0.5mg/L+TA2.0mg/L,生根率达83.3%。

以马铃薯米拉、威芋3号脱毒试管苗为材料进行试管薯诱导因素研究。结果表明:散射光与适当低温(17±1℃)条件对米拉试管薯形成、结薯数量与平均鲜重均有极显著的促进作用;米拉基部节段较顶芽培养的试管苗有利于试管薯的形成和膨大;培养基(MS+8%白糖)中同时添加5 mg.L-1 6-BA与250 mg.L-1 CCC能显著增加威芋3号试管薯结薯数量与鲜薯产量,而单独添加5 mg.L-1 6-BA或KT虽能显著提高试管薯的大薯率,但平均结薯数量却显著降低,而不添加任何激素的培养基,对威芋3号试管薯的诱导效果较差。

在防虫网室中运用马铃薯脱毒扦插苗采取不同的剪切、扦插方式及不同的管理措施生产脱毒微型薯。结果表明,脱毒扦插苗再行剪尖扦插时,插穗下端将3个腋节埋入基质,80d平均单株结薯粒数为3.6粒,>1g微型薯粒数为2.1粒;双株扦插每穴平均结薯粒数为4.8粒,比每穴单株扦插多2.0粒;摘取腋芽薯的扦插苗平均每穴结薯粒数为4.2粒,比不摘取腋芽薯的处理多1.6粒,单位面积(1m2)>1g微型薯数量较后者多48.5%;实施3次剪尖和3次培土的管理方法,80d平均单株结薯粒数达3.8粒,比不剪尖、培土2次的处理(对照)多1.4粒,说明增加剪尖和培土次数,是提高单株结薯数量的一项重要措施。

非洲菊为菊科非洲菊属多年生宿根草本花卉,其花枝挺拔,花朵硕大艳丽,花色丰富,是优良的切花上乘材料.非洲菊属异花授粉植物,自交不孕,种子后代易发生变异,传统上多采用分株繁殖,但繁殖率低.为在短期内快速繁殖能保持良种种质的种苗,我们采用非洲菊花托进行试管苗诱导与快繁,在此过程中出现了部分玻璃化苗,影响了种苗质量与快繁工作.为此,特进行了玻璃化苗的研究试验.