Objective This study aims to systematically retrieve, appraise, and synthesize the best available evidence on dietary management during chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and to inform the development of individualized, evidence-based dietary management strategies. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in guideline repositories and databases, including BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate, the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, the Guidelines International Network, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Medlive. The search covered all records from database inception to December 22, 2024. Two reviewers independently performed literature screening, quality appraisal, and evidence extraction. Results A total of 13 publications were included, comprising 2 clinical decision resources, 4 guidelines, 4 expert consensus statements, and 3 systematic reviews. Thirty-one evidence statements were synthesized across nine domains: goals of dietary management, nutritional assessment and risk screening, weight management, nutrient intake and food preparation, dietary structure, eating patterns and restrictions, physical activity, management of chemotherapy-related side effects, and multidisciplinary collaboration and education. Conclusions This study synthesizes the best available evidence on dietary management during chemotherapy in children with ALL. The findings provide a structured foundation for developing standardized and individualized dietary management strategies, encompassing nutritional assessment, dietary guidance, and management of treatment-related adverse effects. Healthcare professionals are encouraged to apply this evidence in a patient-centered manner, taking into account clinical context and individual patient needs. Systematic review registration This study was registered at the Fudan University Center for Evidence-Based Nursing (Registration No. ES20246866).

OBJECTIVES:To explore the work events, strategies, context and individual characteristics of the emotional labour among neonatal nurses based on the reaction mechanism of individual affections, so as to provide a reference for improving the emotional labour strategies. METHODS:A phenomenological qualitative design was utilized. Fourteen neonatal nurses from a tertiary Grade A children's hospital were selected for semi-structured interviews, and the data were analysed, summarized and refined by Colaizzi's seven-step analysis method. RESULTS:Four themes and eight sub-themes were refined to explain the experience of the emotional labour among neonatal nurses: (a) sources of the emotional labour in a relatively confined environment; (b) the strategies and consequences of the emotional labour under different emotional reactions; (c) contextual factors of the emotional labour strategies; (d) personality traits. CONCLUSION:Given the reaction mechanism of individual affections, both internal and external factors contribute to the emotional labour among neonatal nurses. Since little work has been performed on improving their emotional labour, organizational efforts to provide interventions by hospitals and nursing managers are essential to improve the emotional labour strategies, and thus enhance their mental health and the quality of neonatal nursing.

目的 了解传染性单核细胞增多症患儿住院期间主要照顾者的真实体验.方法 采用目的抽样法,选取某三甲儿童医院的12例传染性单核细胞增多症患儿主要照顾者进行半结构化访谈,借助Nvivo 11软件管理访谈资料,应用Colaizzi现象学资料7 步分析法进行资料分析.结果 得出2个主题及9个次主题:负性的心理体验(恐慌、焦虑,对疾病相关症状的担忧,对疾病可能出现进展的担忧,对EBV可能引起的其他疾病的担忧,对工作及自身身体状况的担忧)、多元化需求(用药相关知识需求,医护人员及同伴支持的需求,疾病防护相关信息需求,科普疾病传染途径的需求).结论 传染性单核细胞增多症患儿住院期间主要照顾者存在各种担忧及多元化需求,护理人员应多关注其心理状态及需求,为其提供相应的心理疏导和信息支持等,提高其照护能力,以促进患儿早日康复.

目的:了解儿科低年资护士经历不良事件期间的真实体验,为护理管理者制定相应的临床策略提供依据.方法:运用现象学研究方法,于 2022 年 5 月—8 月对苏州市某三级甲等儿童医院 12 名经历不良事件的低年资护士进行半结构式访谈,采用 Colaizzi内容分析法对资料进行整理和分析.结果:提炼出 3 个主题,即承受多种压力(自身压力、家属压力、讨论的压力)、得到多维支持(同事的及时帮助、护士长的用心安抚、家属的包容理解、家人的耐心相伴)、感知内外成长(注重前期沟通、核对意识增强、安全意识强化、内省习惯养成、总结经验惠及他人).结论:低年资儿科护士经历护理不良事件期间存在着较大的心理压力,也得到了积极成长.护理管理者应关注其内心感受,及时给予帮助和肯定,促进其不断成长,从而降低不良事件发生率,确保患儿安全.

目的:了解儿内科护士文献报告会培训期间的体验与需求.方法:采用现象学研究法,于2022年06月至2022年08月对参加文献报告会的12名儿内科护士进行半结构式访谈,运用Colaizzi分析法分析访谈资料.结果:共提炼出3个主题,即多方面的自我提升;激发科研兴趣,享受学术氛围;压力与需求共存.结论:儿内科护士普遍认可文献报告会的作用,但也存在一定的压力与需求,护理管理者应重视其体验,更加合理地制定培训方案,从而更好地推进文献报告会的开展,进而提高临床护士的科研水平.

目的 探讨叙事护理对传染性单核细胞增多症(infectious mononucleosis,IM)患儿父母焦虑水平的影响,为降低IM患儿父母焦虑提供新方法.方法 2020年12月至2021年12月,采用便利抽样法,选取苏州市某三级甲等专科医院的IM患儿父母共102例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为试验组和对照组各51例;对照组接受常规护理,试验组在对照组基础上给予叙事护理干预,分别比较干预前后两组IM患儿父母焦虑水平及护理满意度.结果 干预前两组IM患儿父母状态焦虑(state-anxiety inventory,S-AI)、特质焦虑(trait-anxiety inventory,T-AI)评分比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),但两组IM患儿父母S-AI评分干预前后差值比较,差异有统计学意义,试验组干预前后差值大于对照组(P<0.05);两组IM患儿父母T-AI评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).干预后两组IM患儿父母护患沟通、健康教育、护理技术维度评分及其总分比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.001),试验组评分高于对照组.结论 叙事护理有助于降低IM患儿父母的焦虑水平,提高其护理满意度.

目的 总结造血干细胞移植患儿运动干预的最佳证据,为造血干细胞移植患儿运动干预提供参考.方法 依照证据"6S"金字塔模型,计算机检索UpToDate、Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、中国知网等数据库关于造血干细胞移植患儿运动干预的证据.文献检索时限为建库至2023年2月19日.由2名研究者对纳入文献进行质量评价、证据提取和汇总.结果 共纳入12篇文献,包括指南3篇、临床决策1篇、专家共识3篇、系统评价3篇、随机对照试验2篇,从运动认知、运动益处、运动管理、运动评估、运动原则、运动处方、运动安全7个方面,共提取25条最佳证据.结论 儿童造血干细胞移植期间运动干预的最佳证据为临床实践提供循证依据,建议医护人员充分考虑临床情境,制定更为详细的个性化运动处方.

目的:探讨高危儿家长在参与早期干预过程中产生的疾病获益感.方法:2022 年 3 月—2022 年 5 月采用质性研究的方法,对18 名参与早期干预的高危儿家长进行访谈.结果:高危儿家长在早期干预中存在疾病获益感,归纳为父母角色效能增强、自我认同感提升、家庭幸福感提高、正向的育儿行为 4 个主题.结论:高危儿家长在接受早期干预中能体验到多种疾病获益感,儿保工作者和康复人员应积极引导并有效利用其疾病获益感,充分发挥其自身及家庭功能,为高危儿提供更好的照护,以期改善高危儿的生活质量.

目的 了解儿科护士情绪劳动的现状及影响因素,为改善其情绪劳动提供依据.方法 2022年7月,选取苏州市8所医院的520名儿科护士作为调查对象,以资源保存理论为指导,采用一般资料调查表、护士情绪劳动量表、精神气候简式量表、护理工作环境量表进行横断面调查,采用多元线性回归分析儿科护士情绪劳动的影响因素.结果 回收443份有效问卷.护士情绪劳动量表得分为[64.00(60.00,68.00)]分,专业化的情绪调控、以患者为中心的情绪抑制、规范化的情绪扮演维度得分分别为[30.00(28.00,34.00)]、[20.00(18.00,21.00)]、[14.00(12.00,15.00)]分.多元线性回归分析结果显示,总的工作时间、层级、护理工作环境和精神气候是影响儿科护士情绪劳动的主要因素(P＜0.001).结论 儿科护士的情绪劳动处于中上水平,护理管理者应关注其情绪劳动水平,合理设置工作要求,优化护理工作环境,营造良好的工作氛围.

目的 探讨品管圈活动在降低感染科护士锐器伤发生率中的应用效果.方法 选取2020年1—11月苏州大学附属儿童医院感染性疾病科开展"降低护士锐器伤发生率"品管圈活动的126名护士,将2020年1—5月开展品管圈活动前护士锐器伤发生率作为对照组,2020年9—11月开展品管圈活动后锐器伤发生率作为观察组,比较品管圈活动实施前后感染性疾病科护士锐器伤发生情况及护士的解决问题能力、沟通协调、责任心、自信心、沟通能力、团队凝聚力、品管手法、和谐程度.结果 观察组护士锐器伤发生率为23.1％,低于对照组的60.8％差异有统计学意义(χ2=17.550,P<0.001),除此之外,圈员的解决问题能力、沟通协调、责任心、自信心、团队凝聚力、品管手法等方面均得到提高.结论 品管圈活动在降低感染科护士锐器伤发生率中取得了较好的效果,有效降低了护士锐器伤发生率,同时提高了人员解决问题、沟通协调、责任心等方面能力.

目的 探讨影响儿科护士科研能力的自身及其外部因素并提出应对策略.方法 采用SWOT分析法对儿科护士科研能力的优势、劣势、机会和威胁4个方面进行分析.结果 儿科护士科研能力的优势有医院和护理部二个层面;劣势有护士自身认识不足、科研培训的局限性、儿科护理的特殊性;机会为医疗科研快速发展、医院政策大力支持及护士整体素质提升;威胁有科研领域、晋升和工作方面.结论 通过SWOT分析法,兼顾内部和外在环境,加强科研培训的规范化管理,树立正确的科研理念,以期为儿科护士科研能力培训及科研工作开展提供参考依据.

目的:探索耳穴埋籽联合小儿推拿在传染性单核细胞增多症患儿睡眠管理中的应用效果.方法:选取2021年8月—2022年1月在我院感染性疾病科住院的传染性单核细胞增多症患儿130例为研究对象,随机分为研究组64例和对照组66例.对照组采用常规睡眠护理,研究组在对照组基础上采用耳穴埋籽联合小儿推拿进行干预.在患儿入院当天和干预1周后分别使用中医证候评分表和简体中文版儿童睡眠问卷(PSQ)进行评估.结果:干预后研究组和对照组的中医证候评分分别为(2.06±0.86)分、(4.03±0.99)分,PSQ评分分别为(4.15±1.68)分、(6.06±0.96)分,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论:耳穴埋籽联合小儿推拿可以减轻传染性单核细胞增多症患儿鼻塞、打鼾、张口呼吸等中医证候,改善其睡眠状况.

Background and Purpose: In the initial COVID-19 outbreak, nursing staff reportedly experienced high levels of psychological stress. The purpose of this study was to explore the real experience of the first cohort of pediatric fever clinic nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight nurses who worked in a fever clinic at a children’s hospital in China. The interviews were conducted by an experienced and trained interviewer. Qualitative content analysis was used to describe the experiences of the nurses. Results: Three themes were distilled from the interviews: 1) complex psychological experiences including positive experiences (increased sense of responsibility and honor, gaining the respect and recognition of parents, having a sense of achievement in personal growth) and negative experiences (panic and compulsion, guilt towards their family, antipathy, and dissatisfaction); 2) extreme physical discomfort; and 3) a lack of relevant knowledge. Implications for Practice: The nurses in the pediatric fever clinic experienced various psychological impacts and physiological discomfort. Nursing managers should improve the management of hospital emergency nursing, strengthen the psychological guidance and logistics support of frontline nurses, and provide nurses with the relevant knowledge and skills training. These improvements would support frontline nurses in their work to provide effective patient treatment during the COVID-19 epidemic.

目的:探讨术前童趣性诱导对学龄期腹股沟疝手术患儿应激反应及麻醉配合度的影响.方法:采用随机数字表法将2018年4月—2019年10月拟行手术治疗的75例学龄期腹股沟疝患儿分为观察组38例、对照组37例.对照组给予学龄期腹股沟疝手术病人常规麻醉护理干预,观察组联合应用术前童趣性诱导.比较两组患儿应激反应及麻醉配合度、患儿家长满意度.结果:观察组手术患儿儿童焦虑障碍自评量表(SCARED)评分、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)评分、心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)低于对照组(t值为-3.259、-4.332、-9.974、-5.274,P＜0.05或 P＜0.01);麻醉诱导期合作量表(ICC)评分低于对照组(t=7.597,P＜0.01);患儿家长满意度为94.74％,高于对照组的72.97％(x2=4.341,P＜0.05).结论:童趣性诱导有助于缓解学龄期腹股沟疝手术病人心理与生理应激反应,增强麻醉配合程度,提高患儿家长满意度.

目的 探讨思维导图在传染性单核细胞增多症患儿家长健康教育中的应用效果.方法 选取2019年4月至6月124名传染性单核细胞增多症患儿家长为对照组,采用常规健康教育;2019年7月至9月122名传染性单核细胞增多症患儿家长为观察组,利用思维导图进行健康教育.出院前对患儿家长的健康教育掌握程度和护理满意度进行测评,患儿出院后1个月电话随访其服药依从性.结果 观察组患儿家长对传染性单核细胞增多症健康教育知晓率明显高于对照组(P<0.01),对护患沟通、健康教育、护理技术护理满意度方面明显高于对照组(P<0.01),同时出院后患儿服药依从性高于对照组(P<0.01).结论 将思维导图应用于传染性单核细胞增多症患儿家长健康教育中,可提高其健康教育掌握程度和护理满意度,同时提高患儿服药依从性,值得推广借鉴.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of communication between pediatric junior nurses and parents of hospitalized children,and to provide basis for further improving the communication ability of junior nurses.Methods:A semi-structured interview was conducted among 10 pediatric junior nurses. Colaizzi phenomenological seven-step analysis method was used to analyze the data.NVivo10.0 software was used to manage,excavate and search text data.Results:Four themes were extracted,including self-factors,environmental factors,lack relevant training and lack of human resources.Conclusions:There are many influencing factors in the communication between nurses and parents of hospitalized children.Managers should pay attention to them by targeted training and improving communication environment, the communication ability of junior nurses can be improved,so as to improve the quality of nursing and family satisfaction.

目的:探讨行纤维支气管镜检查期间支气管软化患儿母亲的内心真实体验,为临床护理人员采取针对性的健康宣教和心理干预提供理论依据.方法:采用现象学方法对15名患儿母亲进行半结构式访谈,Colaizzi法对资料进行整理和分析.结果:提炼出3个主题,相关知识缺乏、复杂的心理反应和多元化的需求.结论:深入了解行纤维支气管镜检查的支气管软化患儿母亲的真实体验,有利于医护人员提供针对性的干预措施,促进患儿母亲身心健康,提高照护患儿的能力.

This study investigated perceived stress levels of pediatric nurses during the 2019-20 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak. From February 9 to 13, 2020, 250 pediatric nurses were selected from 4 grade III children's hospitals and 5 grade III general hospitals in Jiangsu Province, China. A general information questionnaire and a stress perception scale were used to investigate and analyze the influencing factors of perceived stress among participants. Perceived stress was at the intermediate level or above for 54.1% (133) of the sample. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that hospital department, living styles, physical conditions, and the proportion of negative (eg, increased deaths and infections) information received about the epidemic (eg, via media and/or face-to-face) influenced perceived stress. Thus, the overall level of perceived stress among clinical pediatric nurses was medium. Nursing managers should pay more attention to and conduct timely assessment interventions for staff to reduce stress levels and promote physical and mental health.

目的 探讨视听觉联合干预在改善住院新生儿头部转向偏好中的应用效果.方法 采用方便抽样法,选取2020年1—4月入住苏州大学附属儿童医院新生儿科的具有一侧头部转向偏好的新生儿140例,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组各70例.研究过程中有14例新生儿因住院时间等原因予以剔除,最终纳入研究的新生儿为对照组59例、观察组67例.两组新生儿均予以常规护理,对照组新生儿按规范每3h更换体位1次,观察组新生儿在对照组基础上实施视听觉联合干预.分别比较两组新生儿7d内头部转向偏好变化、转向方向改变情况及新生儿入睡时间,并根据头部转向偏好纠正是否有效进行组间相关因素的比较.结果 观察组新生儿头部转向偏好转归率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组新生儿头部转向偏好发生同向改变3例(4.48％)、反向改变4例(5.97％),对照组新生儿头部转向偏好发生同向改变2例(3.39％)、未发生反向改变;观察组新生儿的入睡时间短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组新生儿的各相关因素对其头部转向偏好转归均无统计学意义(P>0.05),对照组中除日龄外(P<0.05),其他因素也无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 使用视听觉联合干预有助于住院新生儿头部转向偏好的纠正,且不受其他医源性因素影响,实施过程中应选择合适的音乐和图片,注意评估、避免干预过度.