目的 构建中医药院校护理本科生学业评价体系.方法 基于胜任力模型初步确定评价体系,运用德尔菲法和层次分析法确定各级指标权重.结果 确立了包含6个一级指标、18个二级指标、66个三级指标的中医药院校护理本科生的学业评价体系,专家权威系数为0.8285,各指标的重要性赋值均>4.0、变异系数<0.25.结论 构建的学业评价体系科学可靠,利于中医药院校护理本科生综合素质的培养,突出了中医护理的重要性,可为中医药院校护理本科生的学业评价提供参考.

目的:利用CiteSpace软件对护理研究生临床实践热点与趋势进行可视化分析.方法:检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据(WANFANG DATA)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)自建库至2022年1月31日关于护理研究生临床实践的相关文献,运用CiteSpace 5.8 R3软件进行图谱绘制并解读.结果:共纳入文献527篇,相关论文首次出现在2002年,发文量总体呈上升趋势.发文量最多的作者为朱京慈(12篇)、期刊为《护理研究》(57篇)、机构为山西医科大学(33篇),作者、机构合作大多在各高校及附属医院之间.频次≥50次的关键词为护理、研究生、专业学位、教育、临床实践、护理教育.从关键词突现图谱可看出2004-2009年热点主要针对护理研究生教育、教学、实习及管理中的问题研究;2010-2016年研究热点转移至临床实践的教学方法、课程设置及能力培养;2017-2022年的研究开始倾向于专科化发展,注重专业能力提升,尤其是中医护理临床实践已成为近几年护理研究生临床实践领域的研究热点.结论:研究者及机构间交互性较差,故应开展多学科、跨地域合作与交流;同时建议增加各专科临床实践培养方案、各专科统一培训教材及评价标准,以确保专科护理质量,培养技术精、能力强、业务专的高层次护理人才.

目的 分析2016-2018年国家自然科学基金中医学学科项目资助情况,探讨中医学学科资助项目概况及发展趋势,为中医学领域的科技工作者选题和项目申报提供参考依据.方法 检索国家自然科学基金委员会科学基金网络信息系统,获取2016-2018年中医学学科资助课题,分析资助数量、资助额度、资助项目单位、二级分支学科等信息,并将获得资助的项目名称导入BDP个人版在线数据分析软件进行热点分析.结果 2016-2018年,国家对中医学学科的资助力度不断加大,呈稳步上升趋势,资助数量逐年上升,平均资助额度从2016年的37.78万元增加到2018年的42.01万元,资助经费总额不断加大.从资助单位分布分析,上海中医药大学、南京中医药大学、广州中医药大学和北京中医药大学处于前4位,立项数量、资助经费均远高于其他院校.从资助项目分支学科分析,中医内科一直是资助重点领域(占比33.03％),远高于其他分支学科.从资助热点分析,“基于”“调控”“通路”“机制”出现频率最高.结论 国家自然科学基金对中医学学科的支持力度不断加大,学术资源向中医药重点院校集中明显,呈现不均衡发展趋势,中医内科学是研究热点,细胞分子水平学科和技术交叉是未来的研究趋势.在科学基金申报中仍存在问题,如盲目追求研究热点、多学科交叉表面化,盲目应用新技术、中医药特色优势淡化,形式创新有余、原始创新不足.

This paper introduced the epidemiology of Yin deficiency physique, Yang deficiency physique and common chronic diseases, and focused on the study of the correlation between Yin deficiency physique, Yang deficiency physique and common chronic diseases among elders, so as to provide scientific reference for the prevention of chronic diseases.

介绍了古代医家对阴虚、阳虚质特征表现的论述,阐释了现代中医学家对阴虚、阳虚质特征的描述,并统计了两种体质的相关证素出现的频率.

目的 评价坐式八段锦练习对重度稳定期COPD患者气道炎性反应的影响.方法 成立研究团队制订坐式八段锦锻炼计划,并按锻炼计划内容实施锻炼.6个月后检测患者痰液中炎性因子白细胞介素8、肿瘤坏死因子-α和C反应蛋白;中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞计数;肺功能情况,用力肺活量、第1秒用力呼气量、第1秒用力呼气量实测值占预计值的百分比、第1秒用力呼气量占用力肺活量的比值.结果 两组患者痰液中炎性因子白细胞介素8、肿瘤坏死因子-α和C反应蛋白、中性粒细胞计数比较有统计学意义(P＜0.01),淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞计数比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05);用力肺活量、第1秒用力呼气量、第1秒用力呼气量实测值占预计值的百分比、第1秒用力呼气量占用力肺活量的比值比较有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 坐式八段锦锻炼能改善重度稳定期COPD患者的气道炎性反应,提高肺功能.

Traditional Chinese medicine is a complex system, the relationship between the information of the disease, between the information and the target of diagnosis, between the information of the disease and the recipe and medicine is often nonlinear, complex, fuzzy and non quantitative. Artificial neural network (ANN) is good at discovering implicit knowledge from the massive data, adequately simulating this non-linear mapping. It can build model of diagnosis and discrimination, es-tablish forward-looking decisions. Due to the above advantages, ANN technology maybe provide more scientific methods and ways for calculating the difficult to calculate weight in informatization of pulse identification, informatization of tongue identifi-cation, informatization of identification of syndromes in TCM.

随着我国社会经济的不断发展,科学技术的不断进步,越来越多的人开始关注健康,关注医疗技术和护理质量.开展护理本科专业认证就是在这样一个大趋势下应运而生的.从护理学专业教育的基本要求出发,以湖南中医药大学第二附属医院2015年50名湘杏学院实习学生问卷调查为依据,探讨护理本科专业教育现状及存在的不足,提出有效的人才培养方案,并对未来我校湘杏学院护理本科人才培养模式进行探讨.

基于中医"治未病""九种体质""四季养生""药食同源"等理论阐释老年人群健康干预可及范围,即"三调两保",包括生活起居调理、饮食调理、情志调理、中医特色技术保健、中医运动保健。总结老年人群健康干预可行方法,为老年人群中医健康干预提供理论依据和实践指导。

Objective To investigate the current status and features of workplace violence of nurses in Hu'nan Province,so as to provide reference to formulate law and policy to protect nurses' right and interest.Methods The hospital workplace violence questionnaire was used to investigate 6 034 clinical nurses who were from all levels of hospitals in Hu'nan Province.Results The total number of nurses who experienced workplace violence was 5 201 (86.19％),among whom suffered an annual average of more than 2 times of workplace violence was 2 997 (57.62％).The main type of workplace violence was language injury(62.29％).Emergency department suffered the most violence which mainly resulted from the lack of communication.More than half of nurses showed that they didn't receive any training to prevent workplace violence,and the hospitals' attitude towards workplace violence was optimistic or not had an important influence on the incidence of workplace violence.Conclusion Nurses from all levels of hospitals in Hu'nan Province who suffer workplace violence is a serious problem which was getting worse year by year.Hospital manages should pay more attention to take various measures to intervene that,in order to maintain nurses' physical and mental health.

Objective To establish formative evaluation index for nursing teaching, so as to provide reference for objective evaluation of teaching outcome. Methods By reference to educational theory and construction principle from September 2016 to December 2016, a preliminary evaluation system was established. The final content of nursing teaching formative assessment tool was confirmed after two rounds of correspondences with 15 nursing educators from 5 nursing colleges by Delphi method. Results The response rates of the 2 rounds of expert consultation questionnaire were 86.86% and 92.30% respectively. The experts' authority coefficient was 0.910 and the coordination coefficient was 0.320. The final content of teaching formative evaluation was composed of 2 first grade indexes, 13 second grade indexes, and 25 third grade indexes. Conclusions The evaluation indexes of the formative assessment tool covers both subjective and objective factors of teaching effect of nursing professional curriculum comprehensively. The charts and the expression pattern form are simple and intuitive, have a certain degree of innovation, which is suitable for classroom teaching evaluation.

介绍增强现实技术的概念、特点,分析其在健康教育领域应用的可行性及其优势,从健康手册、健康教育游戏、多媒体演示、社区仿真讲座及自我教育5种形式系统阐述其在健康教育领域的应用前景,并剖析其现实挑战,旨在为增强现实技术在健康教育中的应用提供参考.

Objective To improve the teaching effect of the course of Hospital Infection Prevention and Control.Methods A total of 362 baccalaureate nursing students were randomly divided into two groups.The control group (n=180) was given routine teaching in which students were asked to preview before class and review after the class,while the experimental group (n=182) received teaching using mind maps that were designed based on key knowledge of each chapter.Examinations and questionnaire survey were conducted to evaluate the teaching effect after completion of the teaching intervention.Results The scores of theoretical examination and scenario-based examination in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group (P＜0.01 for both).The overall California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) score and subscale scores (except cognitive maturity) were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Students in the experimental group ap praised the teaching effect more positively than the control group (P＜0.01 for all).Conclusion Application of Internet-assisted mind map in the course of Hospital Infection Prevention and Control can effectively improve teaching effect.

对国内外肿瘤方向护理专业学位硕士研究生的核心能力的研究现状进行综述,为我国肿瘤方向护理专业学位硕士研究生核心能力的培养和课程设置以及肿瘤专科护士的绩效考核提供参考依据。

[目的]探讨综合教学法对护生医院感染知识（K）、态度（A）及行为（P）的影响。[方法]采用综合教学法对2011级4个本科班99名护生进行医院感染教育,于教学前及实习后对护生进行KAP评估。[结果]护生实习后KAP得分及KAP总分与综合教学前比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,除"参加医院感染病案分析的意愿"条目外,其他条目得分在实习后与教学前比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。[结论]综合教学能够增强护生对医院感染知识的掌握,端正态度,并提高护生行为遵循度。

目的 了解湖南省基层养老护理员养老护理知识掌握现状及对培训内容重要性的评价.方法 自制调查问卷对参与养老护理培训的256名基层养老护理员进行调查.结果 养老护理知识得分由高到低依次为生活照料、疾病护理、安全知识、康复指导、道德法律和心理护理,总分(15.36±5.26)分;女性养老护理员疾病护理、心理护理、康复指导、安全知识维度得分及养老护理知识总分显著高于男性(均P＜0.01);工作年限较长者各方面得分显著高于工作年限较短者(均P＜0.05);学历相对较高者得分显著高于学历相对较低者(均P＜0.01);培训内容重要性评价由高到低依次是生活照料、健康观察、康复护理、疾病护理、用药护理、急救护理、安全护理、心理护理和道德法律.结论 基层养老护理员有关养老护理知识掌握度较差,与学历低及工作年限短等有关,应采取多种形式加强培训,培训课程内容应加重心理护理、职业道德法律等的比重,提高培训效果.

目的:探讨优化后的中医护理特色课程对护理本科生培养的效果.方法:通过对临床护理管理者和护理本科生对中医护理特色课程设置进行调查评分,优化课程设置模块,将优化后的课程设置模块应用于教学,通过两组前后比较,观察培养效果.结果:临床护理管理者和护理本科生对中医护理特色课程设置评分最高的三门课程分别是中医基础概论、中医护理学基础和中医临床护理学;实验组与对照组中医护理理论知识和操作技术考核成绩比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),实验组与对照组用人单位比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:优化后的中医护理特色课程设置模块提高了本科生的中医护理知识水平,也得到了用人单位的肯定.

[目的]调查养老机构养老护理员离职意愿与社会支持的相关性，分析离职意愿的影响因素，为制定稳定养老护理人才队伍措施提供参考依据。[方法]采用自制的养老护理员一般资料调查表、离职意愿量表、社会支持评定量表对邵阳市18家养老机构的300名养老护理员进行调查。[结果]离职意愿总分为(13.54±2.63)分，处于较高水平；社会支持总分及各维度与离职意愿呈负相关(P <0.01)。[结论]养老机构的养老护理员离职意愿较高，相关管理部门应采取有效措施，增加养老护理员的社会支持，降低离职率。

目的 探讨临床专科护士岗位胜任力的构成指标,为校院联合培养专科护士人才提供方向.方法 利用德尔菲法对20名来自护理教育、临床护理、护理管理等领域的专家进行2轮专家咨询.结果 2轮专家咨询后,确定了由4个一级指标,21个二级指标构成的临床专科护士岗位胜任力指标,变异系数均小于0.25.专家积极系数高,权威系数大于0.7,协调系数为0.547、0.468,咨询结果可采用.结论 临床专科护士岗位胜任力指标模型可信度高,可以作为校院联合培养专科护士的参考,有利于理论和实践的有机结合,有利于教学资源的充分利用,为制定校院联合培养计划奠定基础.

Objective:To investigate the training quality and employment quality of specialist nurses under the mode of combination of college and hospital . Methods:A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the employment situation of 120 nurses graduated in 2014 and 2015.The satisfaction of 50 nursing supervisors and clinical nurse were surveyed.Results:Among the 120 nurses who have graduated,81.67% of the nurses were employed by the third-grade class-A hospitals.Nearly 75.83% of the students were employed by hospitals in municipalities and provincial capitals .The employment conditions were superior.Satisfaction score of these students with the current job was high .The employment stability and satisfaction of five social insurance and one housing fund of graduates in 2015 were lower than that of the 2014 .There was no significant difference in the satisfaction degree among nurses in different positions (P>0.05).Conclusion:The employment situation of college nurses under the joint cultivation of college and university has obvious advantages . The hospital nursing administrators have high evaluation on the nurses graduated from the technical colleges .The clinical operation skills of the junior nurses can be improved by establishing the practical training mechanism .