Noroviruses is a major cause of outbreaks and sporadic acute gastroenteritis (AGE) across all age groups. Although the GII.4 norovirus has been the primary cause of most AGE outbreaks, Non-GII.4 norovirus has been reported globally. We aimed to report an increase in GII.17 norovirus outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in multiple provinces of China during the second half of 2024. Data and specimens from AGE outbreaks (January 2022–December 2024) were collected. Samples were tested via real-time RT-PCR; positive GII.17[P17] samples underwent sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Among 1,579 norovirus outbreaks, 1,225 were genotyped. The first halves of 2022–2024 saw co-circulation of genotypes GII.3[P12], GII.4 Sydney, GII.17[P17], and GII.7[P7]. GII.4 Sydney dominated the second halves of 2022 (46.15

Noroviruses are the primary viral pathogens responsible for epidemic acute gastroenteritis. The novel GII.4 Sydney 2012 variant, which emerged during the 2012/13 winter season, led to significant global outbreaks. This study reports large-scale outbreaks occurring in the university town of Guangzhou, China, from January 8 to April 3, 2013. These outbreaks affected 652 individuals across five universities and one middle school. Of the 386 samples tested, 114 were norovirus-positive, and 19 stool or swab samples were genotyped as the GII.4 Sydney 2012 strain. The genome sequence of the GII.4 Sydney 2012 variant, GZ3135, was determined and compared with those of earlier GII.4 variants. This comparison revealed residue substitutions at specific sites, including the HBGA binding pocket and putative antigenic epitopes. The investigation outcomes showed that GII.4 Sydney variant infected individuals with both secretor and nonsecretor phenotypes. This finding was consistent with the HBGA binding results that the recombinant P protein of the GII.4 Sydney variant bound to saliva samples of nonsecretors, as well as the Lewis x and Lewis a oligosaccharides. Taken together, our data suggested that the GII.4 Sydney 2012 variant gained new HBGA binding ability and antigenic features which may contribute to its widespread epidemics.

Introduction Noroviruses is a major cause of outbreaks and sporadic acute gastroenteritis (AGE) across all age groups. Although the GII.4 norovirus has been the primary cause of most AGE outbreaks, Non-GII.4 norovirus has been reported globally. AIM We aimed to report an increase in GII.17 norovirus outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in multiple provinces of China during the second half of 2024. Methods Data and specimens from AGE outbreaks (January 2022–December 2024) were collected. Samples were tested via real-time RT-PCR; positive GII.17[P17] samples underwent sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results Among 1,579 NoV outbreaks, 1,225 were genotyped. The first half of 2022–2024 saw co-circulation of genotypes GII.3[P12], GII.4 Sydney, GII.17[P17], and GII.7[P7]. GII.4 Sydney dominated the second halves of 2022 (46.15%) and 2023 (51.63%). Strikingly, in the second half of 2024, GII.17[P17] became predominant, causing 75.28% of outbreaks. This shift was driven by a novel GII.17 variant (Romania-2021 like, subcluster C2), first detected in February 2024, which replaced the previous Kawasaki 308-like variant. The novel variant predominantly affected the 6–18 years age group (54.97%) and elementary schools (34.33%). It featured five amino acid mutations in epitopes and one in the histo-blood group antigen binding site, plus five deletions. Conclusions A novel GII.17 variant has overtaken GII.4 as the predominant norovirus strain in China since late 2024, underscoring the need for continued molecular surveillance.

A safe and effective vaccine is urgently needed to prevent acute respiratory infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Oral administration offers several advantages, including ease of delivery, minimal stress for vaccine recipients, and greater safety than the systemic injection. In this study, we developed an oral vaccine candidate based on the human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vector, Ad5-PreF-DS2, encoding a prefusion protein of RSV with a dsRNA as an endogenous adjuvant. We evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of oral immunization against an RSV challenge in mice, comparing it with those of IM and IN immunizations. Subsequently, we performed an in-depth analysis of the B cell immune response to the oral vaccine. Our findings indicate that oral vaccines elicited a robust antibody response, T-cell response, and B-cell response, and provide effective protection against RSV infection in mice. Importantly, dsRNA adjuvants significantly enhanced T-cell immune responses and increased neutralizing antibody levels when administered via oral vaccination (P < 0.05). These preclinical data demonstrate the capacity of an oral vaccine to induce protective immunity against RSV and support further development of RSV vaccine.

Mucosal immunity is essential for preventing viral infections through the mucosal route. The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have posed additional hurdles to the efficiency of existing vaccines. The rapid development of novel vaccines that generate broad mucosal and systemic immunity could be the most effective strategy to address this issue. In this study, we developed a recombinant and replication-deficient type-5 adenoviral vaccine with a built-in double-strand RNA adjuvant and the vaccine expresses the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 spike (S) antigen (hereinafter referred to as "the oral vaccine"). We found that two doses of the oral vaccine in BALB/c mice generated long-lasting S-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses, as well as broad neutralizing antibodies and SIgA antibodies. In addition, we found that compared to an mRNA vaccine booster, using the oral vaccine as a booster could induce both effective mucosal and systemic immunity, addressing the limitation of mRNA vaccines in eliciting mucosal immunity. Prospective oral vaccines require further investigation into development and potential applications, particularly viral challenge experiments, before clinical trials.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe respiratory disease in infants and the elderly. However, natural infection fails to induce durable immune protection, and existing mRNA vaccines for older adults exhibit limited long-term efficacy. We developed an antigen engineering strategy inserting ESCRT/ALIX-binding region (EABR) into truncated RSV prefusion F (PreF) cytoplasmic tails to form enveloped virus-like particles (eVLPs). In murine models, PreF-EABR mRNA vaccines elicited higher, more persistent neutralizing antibodies than conventional PreF mRNA, correlating with enhanced germinal center B cell and memory B cell responses. A lower dose of PreF-EABR mRNA (1 μg) suppressed viral load and pathology comparable to higher-dose PreF mRNA (2.5 μg). Transcriptomic analysis showed PreF-EABR mRNA activated toll-like receptor and chemokine signaling pathways, enhancing antibody longevity via platelet-associated signatures. This study explores the development and possible mechanism of long-lasting RSV mRNA vaccines by eVLPs technology, which also suggest its potential application in other vaccines.

IntroductionThis study, conducted in China prior to RotaTeq’s launch, examined the epidemiological, molecular, and evolutionary features of the G1P[8] genotype RVA in children admitted with diarrhea, to aid in evaluating its efficacy and impact on G1P[8] RVA in China.MethodsData from the Chinese viral diarrhea surveillance network were collected from January 2016 to December 2018. RVA strains identified as the G1P[8] genotype were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Neutralizing epitope, amino acid selection pressure, and evolution dynamics analyses on VP7 and VP4 were performed using BioEdit v.7.0.9.0 and PyMOL v.2.5.2, four algorithms (MEME, SLAC, FEL, and FUBAR) in the Datamonkey online software, and the MCMC model in BEAST v. 1.10.4, respectively. Phylogenetic and identity features of 11 genes were assessed by DNAStar and MEGA v.7.ResultsResults showed that the detection rate of G1P[8] in China from 2016 to 2018 was generally low with significant seasonality. The whole genome of G1P[8] of four 2016 childhood diarrhea specimens was successfully sequenced. Phylogenetic and neutralizing epitope analysis showed that Rotavin-M1 might have better protection on G1P[8] prevalent in China than Rotarix and RotaTeq. Two conserved N-glycosylation sites on VP7 of Chinese G1P[8] might affect the protective effect of the vaccine. Evolution rate and selection pressure analysis identified the possibility of rapidly evolving and adapting to the new environment introduced by vaccines of G1P[8], whereas positive selection specific to VP4 indicated the potential tendency to select for dominant traits. Identity and phylogeny analysis showed that Chinese G1P[8] from before 2018 was generally stable with possible genetic recombination among local strains.DiscussionThese findings not only are of great significance for predicting the prevalence of G1P [8] in China, but also provide data reference for evaluating rotavirus vaccine efficacy.

OBJECTIVE:To isolate a prevalent G9P[8] group A rotavirus (RVA) (N4006) in China and investigate its genomic and evolutionary characteristics, with the goal of facilitating the development of a new rotavirus vaccine.METHODS:The RVA G9P[8] genotype from a diarrhea sample was passaged in MA104 cells. The virus was evaluated by TEM, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and indirect immunofluorescence assay. The complete genome of virus was obtained by RT-PCR and sequencing. The genomic and evolutionary characteristics of the virus were evaluated by nucleic acid sequence analysis with MEGA ver. 5.0.5 and DNASTAR software. The neutralizing epitopes of VP7 and VP4 (VP5* and VP8*) were analyzed using BioEdit ver. 7.0.9.0 and PyMOL ver. 2.5.2.RESULTS:The RVA N4006 (G9P[8] genotype) was adapted in MA104 cells with a high titer (105.5 PFU/mL). Whole-genome sequence analysis showed N4006 to be a reassortant rotavirus of Wa-like G9P[8] RVA and the NSP4 gene of DS-1-like G2P[4] RVA, with the genotype constellation G9-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E2-H1 (G9P[8]-E2). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that N4006 had a common ancestor with Japanese G9P[8]-E2 rotavirus. Neutralizing epitope analysis showed that VP7, VP5*, and VP8* of N4006 had low homology with vaccine viruses of the same genotype and marked differences with vaccine viruses of other genotypes.CONCLUSION:The RVA G9P[8] genotype with the G9-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E2-H1 (G9P[8]-E2) constellation predominates in China and may originate from reassortment between Japanese G9P[8] with Japanese DS-1-like G2P[4] rotaviruses. The antigenic variation of N4006 with the vaccine virus necessitates an evaluation of the effect of the rotavirus vaccine on G9P[8]-E2 genotype rotavirus.

目的 利用成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palinmic repeats,CRISPR)/CRISPR相关蛋白9(CRISPR-associated protein 9,Cas9)系统在人结肠腺癌细胞Caco-2中敲除Ⅰ型干扰素受体亚单位1(interferon alpha/beta receptor subunit 1,IFNAR1)基因,构建IFNAR1基因敲除Caco-2细胞系.方法 利用CRISPR/Cas9技术设计特异性识别IFNAR1基因外显子区的sgRNA(single guide RNA)序列,构建LentiCRISPRv2-IFNAR1-sgRNA重组质粒,慢病毒包装后感染Caco-2细胞,嘌呤霉素抗性筛选,有限稀释法培养单克隆细胞系.通过靶基因测序和Western blot法验证IFNAR1基因敲除情况;通过加入外源性IFNβ检测IFNAR1基因敲除细胞CXC趋化因子配体10(CXC chemokine ligand 10,CXCL10)和干扰素刺激基因 20(interferon-stimulatd gene 20,ISG20)mRNA 水平.结果 质粒LentiCRISPRv2-IFNAR1-sgRNA测序结果显示插入位置均位于BsmB Ⅰ酶切黏性末端.共获得2株IFNAR1基因敲除单克隆细胞株,测序结果显示Caco-2-IFNAR1-KO1的IFNAR1第6个外显子发生5 bp缺失,Caco-2-IFNAR1-KO2的第7个外显子发生18 bp缺失,同时有1 bp增加.与野生型Caco-2细胞相比,Caco-2-IFNAR1-KO1和Caco-2-IFNAR1-KO2细胞IFNAR1蛋白未见表达.相比于0ng/mL IFNβ,在50 ng/mL外源IFNβ刺激下,Caco-2-IFNAR1-KO1和Caco-2-IFNAR1-KO2 细胞 CXCL10基因 mRNA水平(t 分别为 0.566 和 1.268,P＞0.05)和 ISG20基因 mRNA 水平(t分别为1.522和1.733,P＞0.05)均无明显升高;与野生型Caco-2细胞相比,在50 ng/mL外源IFNβ刺激下,Caco-2-IFNAR1-KO1 和 Caco-2-IFNAR1-KO2细胞CXCL10基因 mRNA水平(t分别为 6.763 和 6.777,P＜0.05)和ISG20基因mRNA水平(t分别为5.664和5.653,P＜0.05)均显著降低.结论 利用CRISPR/Cas9技术成功获得了IFNAR1基因敲除的Caco-2细胞株,该细胞系依赖Ⅰ型IFN受体(interferon alpha/beta receptor,IFNAR)激活的下游分子被明显抑制,为进一步探讨病毒感染Caco-2细胞后的天然免疫反应及复制包装机制提供了有力的工具.

Objective: To isolate a prevalent G9P[8] group A rotavirus (RVA) strain (N4006) in China and investigate its genomic and evolutionary characteristics, with the goal of facilitating the development of a new rotavirus vaccine. Methods: An RVA strain of the G9P[8] genotype from a diarrhea sample was passaged in MA104 cells. The strain was evaluated by SEM, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and indirect immunofluorescence assay. The complete genome of the strain was obtained by RT-PCR and sequencing. The genomic and evolutionary characteristics of the strain were evaluated by nucleic acid sequence analysis with MEGA ver. 5.0.5 and DNASTAR software. The neutralizing epitopes of VP7 and VP4 (VP5* and VP8*) were analyzed using BioEdit ver. 7.0.9.0 and PyMOL ver. 2.5.2. Results: The N4006 strain (G9P[8] genotype) was adapted in MA104 cells with a high titer (10 5.5 PFU/mL). Whole-genome sequence analysis showed N4006 to be a reassortant rotavirus of Wa-like G9P[8] RVA and the NSP4 gene of DS-1-like G2P[4] RVA, with the genotype constellation G9-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E2-H1 (G9P[8]-E2). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that N4006 had a common ancestor with Japanese G9P[8]-E2 rotavirus strains. Neutralizing epitope analysis showed that VP7, VP5*, and VP8* of N4006 had low homology with vaccine strains of the same genotype and marked differences with vaccine strains of other genotypes. Conclusion: The G9P[8] genotype rotavirus with the G9-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E2-H1 (G9P[8]-E2) constellation predominates in China and may originate from reassortment between Japanese G9P[8] with Japanese DS-1-like G2P[4] rotaviruses. The antigenic variation of N4006 with the vaccine strain necessitates evaluation of the effect of the rotavirus vaccine on G9P[8]-E2 genotype rotavirus.

Group H Rotavirus (RVH) is associated with human diarrhea gastroenteritis. The interferon (IFN) response induced by RVH remains unclear. In this study, we first studied the characteristic feature of RVH and found J19 strain of RVH grew less efficiently compared with the G6P1 strain of RVA. Next, we found that infection with the J19 virus resulted in the secretion of IFN-λ1, but not IFN-β, while both IFN-β and IFN-λ1 could inhibit J19 replication significantly in Caco-2 cells. NSP1 played an important role in the suppression of type I and type III IFN response, and NSP5 protein significantly inhibited activation of IFN-λ1. J19 NSP1 suppressed the induction of IFN-β obviously than G6P1 NSP1, while G6P1 NSP1 reduced IFN-λ1 induction to the greatest extent compared with G9P8, Wa, and J19 NSP1s. Our studies reveal the propagation feature of RVH and interferon induction and suppression by group H rotavirus.

G9P[8] became the predominant rotavirus A (RVA) genotype in China in 2012. To evaluate its genetic composition at the whole-genome level, 115 G9P[8] RVA strains isolated from children under 5 years old were sequenced and characterized. All 13 strains in 2016 and 2017 and an additional 54 strains in 2018 were genotyped as G9-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1. The other 48 strains in 2018 were all genotyped as G9-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E2-H1, with the NSP4 gene characterized as a DS-1-like genotype. The time of the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) and evolution rates of the VP7, VP4, and NSP4 (E1 and E2) genes of these strains were estimated by Bayesian evolutionary dynamics analysis. We estimated the evolution rates (nt substitutions per site per year) as 1.38 × 10–3 [the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) was 1.09–1.72 × 10–3] for VP7, 0.87 × 10–3 (95% HPD: 0.75–1.00 × 10–3) for VP4, 0.56 × 10–3 (95% HPD: 0.41–0.73 × 10–3) for NSP4-E1, and 1.35 × 10–3 (95% HPD: 0.92–1.86 × 10–3) for NSP4-E2. The tMRCA was estimated to be 1935.4 (95% HPD: 1892.4–1961.3) for VP7, 1894.3 (95% HPD: 1850.5–1937.8) for VP4, 1929.4 (95% HPD: 1892.4–1961.3) for NSP4-E1, and 1969.2 (95% HPD: 1942.2–1985.3) for NSP4-E2. The baseline genetic information in this study is expected to improve our understanding of the genomic and evolutionary characteristics of the rotavirus genome. Furthermore, it will provide a basis for the development of next-generation rotavirus vaccines for humans.

Objective:To clarify the evolutionary characteristics and key site variations of the GII.6[P7] genome of norovirus disease outbreak in China.Methods:Genome amplification and sequencing of 46 GII.6[P7] positive samples monitored from CaliciNet China from 2018 to 2021. Simultaneous integration of all ORF1 (GII. P7) and ORF2 (GII.6) sequences for Bayesian evolutionary analysis. And the use of Simplot for restructuring analysis.Results:According to Bayesian evolution analysis, GII. P7 polymerase has temporal evolutionary characteristics, with an average base replacement rate of 2.067× 10 -3 nucleotide substitution/site/year, and recombination with 4 different VP1 genotypes (GII.6, GII.7, GII.14, GII.20). In the capsid region, GII.6 noroviruses can be further divided into GII.6a, GII.6b and GII.6c subtypes. The 46 strains in this study belong to the GII.6a subtype, which are divided into the same cluster as the virus strain NHBGR59 circulating in China in 2015. Simplot analysis determined that the recombination site of the GII.6[P7] strain in this study was at the ORF1-2 junction. The amino acid site variation of VP1 mainly occurred at the end of P1.1 and the P2 region. Compared with the reference strain of GII.6a subtype, there was no variation in the receptor binding site. Conclusions:The GII.6[P7] recombinant strains of the norovirus outbreak from 2018 to 2021 in China all belong to the GII.6a[P7] subtype.

Rotavirus A (RVA) G3P[8] is sporadically detected in China, although G9P[8] predominates. To evaluate their genetic composition at the whole-genome level, 24 G3P[8] RVA strains isolated from children under five years were sequenced and characterized. The 24 strains were genotyped as G3-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1, indicating the Wa-like genotype constellation. A maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree for VP7 indicated that G3 had an estimated mean evolutionary rate of 7.279 x 10-4 substitutions/site/year; thus, 3-5 years would pass from the generation of an ancestor virus to the epidemic spread of that virus throughout China. Considering the ongoing prevalence as well as rapid evolution, it is important to monitor G3P[8] RVA epidemics; continuous nationwide surveillance is essential.

目的 了解2017-2019年新疆维吾尔自治区(新疆)乌鲁木齐市5岁以下腹泻住院患儿诺如病毒的分子流行病学特征.方法 收集2017-2019年乌鲁木齐市5岁以下腹泻住院患儿粪便标本和相应临床资料,应用实时荧光反转录聚合酶链式反应(real time RT-PCR)进行诺如病毒核酸检测,阳性样本通过RT-PCR扩增、测序和序列分析,并结合临床资料分析流行病学特征.结果 腹泻住院患儿粪便标本核酸检测阳性率为25.20％(246/976),不同年份阳性率差异有统计学意义(x2=40.724,P＜0.0001);0.5～1岁年龄组最高(30.61％,101/330),不同年龄组阳性率差异无统计学意义.110份样本获得ORF 1/ORF2重叠区序列,包括7个基因型,其中GⅡ.4 Sydney [P31]为流行优势株,占59.09％(65/110),其次是GⅡ.3[P12] (18.18％,20/110)和GⅡ.2[P16] (17.27％,19/110),其他型别包括GⅡ.6[P7](2.72％,3/110)、GⅡ.4 Sydney [P16] (0.91％,1/110)、GⅡ.1 [P16] (0.91％,1/110)和G I.4[P4] (0.91％,1/110).GⅡ.2[P16]自2017年第二季度出现,在2019年第三季度成为流行优势株.结论 在新疆地区诺如病毒是引起5岁以下儿童腹泻的主要病原之一,GⅡ.4 Sydney [P31]、GⅡ.3[P12]和GⅡ.2[P16]是该地区流行的主要基因型.

INTRODUCTION:Human noroviruses are the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide in all age groups. GII.4 strains have been the predominant genotype circulating globally over the last 2 decades and since 2012. GII.4 Sydney viruses have emerged and caused the majority of AGE outbreaks worldwide.METHODS:Data from norovirus outbreaks from the laboratory-based surveillance of norovirus outbreaks in China (CaliciNet China) between October 2016-December 2020 were analyzed.RESULTS:During October 2016-December 2020, 1,954 norovirus outbreaks were reported, and positive fecal samples from 1,352 (69.19%) outbreaks were genotyped. GII.4 Sydney [P31] viruses accounted for 2.1% (October 2016-August 2017), 5.5% (September 2017-August 2018), 3.3% (September 2018-August 2018), 26.6% (September 2019-August 2020), and and 1.1% (September 2020-December 2020) of GII outbreaks, respectively. Compared to reference strains of GII.4 Sydney [P31] from 2012 to 2013, 7 amino acid mutations in epitopes[A (297, 372 and 373), B (333), E (414), and H (309 and 310)] and 1 in human histo-blood group antigens binding site at site II 372 were found by analyzing 9 GII.4 Sydney [P31] complete genomic sequences.CONCLUSIONS:This report identified the genomic variation of GII.4 Sydney [P31] from CaliciNet China. Continued surveillance with prompt genotyping and genetic analysis is necessary to monitor the emergence of novel GII.4 variants.

目的 了解中国诺如病毒监测网络(CaliciNet China)的发展及2016-2019年中国诺如病毒分子流行特征.方法 收集2016年10月至2019年9月诺如病毒暴发流行病学和病例临床信息及标本,应用荧光反转录聚合酶链式反应(real-time,RT-PCR)进行诺如病毒检测,阳性样本通过RT-PCR扩增、测序,将数据录入CaliciNet China数据库并进行基因分型.结果 2016年10月至2019年9月,共报告诺如病毒疫情1153起,对其中776起疫情(67.3％)的阳性样本进行了基因分型.94.9％的暴发疫情与人-人传播有关,发生在托幼机构或学校(94.4％),每年11月至次年3月为诺如病毒暴发的流行高峰(65.0％).57.6％的诺如病毒暴发由GⅡ.2[P16]引起.结论 GⅡ.2[P16]是2016年10月至2019年9月引起我国诺如病毒暴发的主要基因型,主要发生在托幼机构或或学校,CaliciNet China正在进行的监测提供了有关毒株基因分型和暴发特征的信息.

Objective:To examine the efficacy of heat and ultraviolet (UV) radiation in disinfecting rotavirus (RV), so as to provide technical basis for environmental disinfection of RV.Methods:The disinfection effect on RV was calculated by the method of median tissue culture infective dose (TCID 50) using the change of nucleic acid titer after treatment with heat or UV. Results:There was no significant change in viral activity of RV at 37 ℃ for 24 h. The disinfection effect could be achieved when RV was treated at 56 ℃ and above for 10 min. Radiation of 7 min at the distance of 15 cm or 30 cm from the UV light source could disinfect the RV, and treatment for 10 min at the 15 cm distance or 15 min at 30 cm could inactivate RV. Disinfection could be achieved by treatment for 30 min at a distance of 1 m from the UV light source or 60 min at a distance of 2 m.Conclusions:RV can be effectively disinfected by 56 ℃ or above, or by close to UV radiation. It is recommended to prolong the disinfection time for long distance from the UV light source. This provides a reference method for disinfecting and inactivating RV.

Objective:To test the disinfection effects of heating and ultraviolet on murine norovirus (MNV), so as to improve disinfection measures to prevent human norovirus (HuNV) infection.Methods:The disinfection effects of heating and ultraviolet on MNV under different temperatures, different action times and other conditions were tested by median tissue culture infective dose (TCID 50). Results:MNV remained active at 4 ℃ and 25 ℃ for 14 d, or at 37 ℃ for 5 d. Effective disinfection of MNV can be achieved by heating at 56 °C for 30 min, at 58 °C for 5 min, or at 60 °C for 1 min. Irradiation of MNV for 7.5 min at a distance of 15 cm or 30 cm from the ultraviolet light source, or for 60 min at a distance of 1 m or 2 m from the ultraviolet light source generated the same disinfection effects.Conclusions:Both heating and ultraviolet had effective disinfection capability of MNV, and can provide reference methods and evidences for disinfection and inactivation of HuNV.

人星状病毒(Human astrovirus,HAstV)、肠道腺病毒(Enteric adenovirus,EAdV)是引起急性胃肠炎的两种常见病原体,目前尚未实现这两种病原体荧光定量RT-PCR的单管双重检测.为建立一种灵敏特异的双重荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法并应用于实验室样本检测,本研究选择HAstV、EAdV特异性引物和探针,优化反应体系和反应条件,并对该方法的灵敏性、特异性和稳定性进行评价.结果 显示,该方法针对HAstV和EAdV的检出限分别可以达到522拷贝/μL和53.5拷贝/μL;与多种常见和罕见的人腹泻病毒没有交叉反应;批内和批间等重复性实验变异系数均小于5％;灵敏度高于常规PCR.本研究提示,建立的HAstV、EAdV双重荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法具有较好的灵敏度、特异性和稳定性,可用于实验室HAstV和EAdV的快速筛查.