在康复医学中采用肢体运动进行功能评估与客观化训练设计是研究热点[1];借助非侵入式的人体运动解析来优化康复过程与效果已成趋势;相关研究通常采取行为捕捉与追踪技术,可分为基于视频人形骨架点与惯性传感器两类,已广泛应用于上肢康复、平衡评估与步态分析等方面[2-5].基于惯性传感器的方式虽准确性高但存在交互弱、成本高、体感不适、隐私泄露等问题[6].

采用锻炼态度量表、主观锻炼体验量表对某医科大学670名医学专业学生进行问卷调查,分析疫情防控期间医学生的体育锻炼情况和主观锻炼体验情况.结果显示,疫情防控期间医学生体育锻炼意识较强,但实际参与体育锻炼的积极性不高,存在"知行不一"的现象;体育锻炼过程中存在心理烦恼.因此,建议学校应将课外体育锻炼理念引入体育课程,树立终身体育思想;采取多维度建设课外体育活动,营造体育锻炼氛围;拥护疫情防控决策,健全线上体育教学模式;开放心理咨询渠道,减少体育锻炼后的心理烦恼.

目的 通过调查康复领域专家对整合式康复训练阶梯设计的意见和建议,以探讨促进卒中后步行和感觉恢复的整合式康复训练阶梯的设计要点.方法 在前期市场调研和专家讨论的基础上编写专家调查问卷,采用德尔菲法对福州市20位专家进行两轮问卷调查并进行统计分析.结果 两轮专家问卷的发放和回收均为20份,有效回收率为100％.研究结果显示阶梯的可收纳式设计、个体化设计、步态正确性训练、感觉统合训练(前庭平衡觉、触觉、视觉和本体觉)及保证训练安全性得到专家一致认可,可作为促进卒中后步行和感觉恢复的训练辅助器.结论 基于德尔菲法设计的整合式康复训练阶梯总结了该领域专家的临床经验,可作为卒中后运动和感觉障碍的训练辅助器,为提高步行功能、感觉功能和改善生活质量提供一定的基础.

《作业治疗学》是康复治疗学专业的核心课程,提倡"以治疗对象为中心"和"以作业为本"的课程理念,注重培养学生观察和分析患者在其所处环境中的作业表现,从而提出个性化的作业治疗目标和方案,具有很强的创新性和实操性[1].其中,日常生活活动(activity of daily living,ADL)功能的评定和训练是该门课程的授课重点,也是学生在该门课程中必须掌握的一项作业治疗技能[2].

Abstract Background Moderate caffeine intake decreases the risk of metabolic disorders and all-cause mortality, and the mechanism may be related to its ergogenic actions. Thyroid hormones are vital in metabolic homeostasis; however, their association with caffeine intake has rarely been explored. Objective To investigate the association between caffeine intake and thyroid function. Methods We collected data on demographic background, medical conditions, dietary intake, and thyroid function from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012. Subgroups were classified using two-step cluster analysis, with sex, age, body mass index (BMI), hyperglycemia, hypertension, and cardio-cerebral vascular disease (CVD) being used for clustering. Restrictive cubic spline analysis was employed to investigate potential nonlinear correlations, and multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the association between caffeine consumption and thyroid function. Results A total of 2,582 participants were included, and three subgroups with different metabolic features were clustered. In the most metabolically unhealthy group, with the oldest age, highest BMI, and more cases of hypertension, hyperglycemia, and CVD, there was a nonlinear relationship between caffeine intake and serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level. After adjusting for age, sex, race, drinking, smoking, medical conditions, and micronutrient and macronutrient intake, caffeine intake of less than 9.97 mg/d was positively associated with serum TSH (p = 0.035, standardized β = 0.155); however, moderate caffeine consumption (9.97–264.97 mg/d) indicated a negative association (p = 0.001, standardized β = − 0.152). Conclusions Caffeine consumption had a nonlinear relationship with serum TSH in people with metabolic disorders, and moderate caffeine intake (9.97 ~ 264.97 mg/d) was positively associated with serum TSH.

为了深入贯彻《加快推进教育现代化实施(2018-2022年)》精神[1],落实新时代全国高校本科教育工作会议和《教育部关于加快建设高水平本科教育全面提高人才培养能力的意见》等文件要求,全面振兴本科教育,实现高校一流人才培养目标,推动高等教育内涵式发展,2019年教育部颁布了《关于实施一流本科专业建设"双万计划"的通知》,面向不同类型的普通本科高校全部专业,计划2019-2021年建设约1万个国家一流本科专业点和1万个省级一流本科专业点[2].截止2018年底,共有256所院校开设康复治疗学、运动康复或听力与言语康复学等相关专业[3],福建医科大学康复治疗学专业,在立足"质量是教育的生命线"基础上[4],不断尝试创新改革,及时抓住"双万计划"发展机遇,入选教育部2020年度国家一流本科专业建设点.因此,本文旨在通过"一中心两融合三保障"康复治疗学专业建设架构,介绍福建医科大学国家一流本科专业建设点的探索和实践,以期为复合型本科院校一流专业建设提供参考和借鉴.

我国自20世纪80年代初引进康复医学以来,康复医学发展迅速,康复人才的社会需求迅速增加,本团队2012年对福建省130所二三级综合医院康复医学科发展状况进行调查与分析,结果发现康复治疗师配备达标的医院只有1所,缺乏康复专业技术人才是许多康复医学科的迫切呼声,改变这种状况的当务之急是有计划地加大康复治疗专业人才的培养[1].2016年10月《"健康中国2030"规划纲要》发布,"健康中国"的大幕已经拉开,人们的健康意识逐步觉醒,社会对高水平创新型康复专业人才的需求急剧增大[2].2017年福建省人民政府发布《关于加快康复产业发展八条措施的通知》(闽政[2017]23号),要求从"人才培养、教学平台、科技创新、临床应用"等四个方面,培养高水平应用型康复技术人才,这就要求学校培养出来的学生不仅需要具备扎实的专业理论知识和专业技能,还需要有一定的创新能力和社会服务意识,才能胜任健康中国新时代的康复医疗机构岗位需求[3].本团队依托大健康理念,以康复治疗学专业岗位胜任力和创新力为导向,融合实训教学中心、教学医院和社会实践基地的资源,构建了高效运行多元化实训教学体系,使人才培养更好地适应健康中国时代的康复专业领域的人才需求,现介绍如下.

课程以康复服务活动为核心,采用现场教学法,在"设计—实践—体验—反思"等教学环节融入爱心元素和人文关怀,以科技为桥梁,师生共建有温度的社区康复服务.结果显示,学生们在社区实践中,不仅提高了社区康复服务能力和综合素质,而且增强了爱心和服务意识,真正做到知行合一.

目的:探讨跑台运动、二甲双胍及二者联合干预对2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)小鼠主动脉ox-LDL、LOX-1蛋白表达、血管炎症反应与细胞凋亡的影响,评价防控血管损伤的干预手段.方法:清洁级雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为正常组、T2DM造模组、跑台运动组、二甲双胍组和运动+二甲双胍组.运动组进行8周跑台运动,药物组进行8周二甲双胍干预.干预结束后,采用相应试剂盒检测脂质代谢指标;硝酸还原酶法检测血清NO水平;ELISA法检测血清胰岛素、ET-1、TNF-α、IL-1β水平;Western Blot法检测主动脉eNOS、ox-LDL、LOX-1、NF-κBp65、VCAM-1和Caspase-3蛋白表达.结果:1)高脂饲料联合STZ诱导的T2DM小鼠出现糖脂代谢紊乱,主动脉ox-LDL、LOX-1、NF-κBp65蛋白表达显著上调,但NO/ET-1未见显著性变化;继续高脂饲料喂养9周后,糖脂代谢进一步紊乱,机体处于炎症状态,NO/ET-1显著性降低,主动脉ox-LDL、LOX-1、NF-κBp65、VCAM-1和Caspase-3蛋白显著上调,eNOS蛋白表达显著下调.2)8周跑台运动、二甲双胍及二者联合干预均改善T2DM小鼠糖脂代谢紊乱,降低机体炎症,降低ET-1水平,显著下调主动脉ox-LDL、LOX-1、NF-κBp65、Caspase-3蛋白表达,显著上调eNOS蛋白表达;运动和联合干预增加NO、NO/ET-1水平,显著下调主动脉VCAM-1蛋白表达,二甲双胍对其未见显著性差异.3)跑台运动在降低ET-1,下调主动脉ox-LDL、LOX-1、VCAM-1蛋白表达方面较二甲双胍效果显著;联合干预在改善T2DM小鼠糖脂代谢,降低机体炎症,升高NO/ET-1,上调主动脉eNOS蛋白表达,下调ox-LDL、LOX-1、NF-κBp65、VCAM-1、Caspase-3蛋白表达较单一的跑台运动和(或)二甲双胍干预效果更为显著.结论:T2DM小鼠造模成功后未进行运动或药物干预,糖脂代谢紊乱进一步加重,血管舒张功能障碍,其可能机制主动脉炎性反应增强,血管细胞凋亡增加,导致血管损伤;8周跑台运动在降低血管炎症、改善血管舒张功能方面较二甲双胍作用显著,联合干预显示出更为有效的血管舒张功能改善效应.推测:8周跑台运动干预可能是通过下调ox-LDL、LOX-1蛋白表达,减轻血管炎症与细胞凋亡,从而改善血管舒张功能,联合干预则显示出运动与二甲双胍的协同作用.

Objective: To expore the correlation between neck disability, neck pain and muscle strength in cervical pondylosis of office worker, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of cervical spondylosis. Methods: In April 2021 ,234 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy treated in the Subsidiary Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from April 2015 to April 2017 were selected, the correlation between Neck Disability Index (NDI) score, neck pain and muscle strength was analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation method. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the difference of maximum muscle strength of isometric contraction. Results: NDI score was negatively correlated with neck flexion, extension, and muscle strength in the left and right flexion directions (r(s)=-0.164, -0.169, -0.222, -0.176, P=0.012, 0.010, 0.001 , 0.007). In mild and moderate functional disorder patients, the muscle strength in flexion, extension and left and right flexion direction was greater, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusion: There is a negative correlation between cervical functional disorder and cervical muscle strength in office workers, suggesting that strengthening cervical muscle strength may be a way to improve cervical spine function.

目的:观察下丘脑室旁核内血管紧张素转换酶2(angiotension-converting enzyme 2,ACE2)基因过表达对高血压前期大鼠血压进展和中枢氧化应激的影响,并探讨ACE2基因中枢降压的分子机制.方法:ACE2基因以慢病毒为载体,载体上携带增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein,eGFP),由上海吉凯基因化学技术有限公司构建.对6周龄雄性自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensive rats,SHR)进行2周跑台运动,随后随机分成SHR组、ACE2基因过表达(SHR-ACE2)组和病毒载体(SHR-eGFP)组,每组10只,同时选取10只血压正常的Wistar-Kyoto(WKY)大鼠不进行任何干预,作为对照组.将ACE2基因和病毒载体分别注射到8周龄SHR的下丘脑室旁核.每4周测1次血压,8周后测定动脉压力反射敏感性(baroreflex sensitivity,BRS),以及血浆去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)和室旁核血管紧张素II(angiotensin II,Ang II)水平;二氢乙啶(dihydroethidium,DHE)染色法检测室旁核活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平;Western blot检测室旁核ACE2和NADPH氧化酶(NADPH oxidase,NOX)的蛋白表达.结果:SHR组和SHR-eGFP组室旁核ACE2蛋白表达显著低于WKY组(P<0.01),而SHR-ACE2组ACE2蛋白表达显著高于SHR组(P<0.05),且与WKY组相比无显著差异.与WKY组相比,SHR组和SHR-eGFP组收缩压显著升高,伴有BRS显著降低(P<0.01),而SHR-ACE2组收缩压较SHR组降低(P<0.01),高血压前期进展延缓,且BRS提高(P<0.01).SHR组和SHR-eGFP组血浆NE浓度、室旁核Ang II和ROS水平及NOX2和NOX4蛋白表达均高于WKY组(P<0.01),而ACE2基因过表达显著逆转上述变化(P<0.05).结论:SHR室旁核过表达ACE2基因能延缓高血压前期进展,改善动脉血压调节,并抑制交感神经活动,其机制可能与降低脑内Ang II水平,减轻中枢氧化应激有关.

Background. Kinesio tape (KT) may be useful for the treatment of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), but there has been no systematic review assessing their efficacy. Objectives. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of KT on DOMS. Methods. We searched seven databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and crossover randomized trials of KT in DOMS, from the earliest date available to December 31, 2019. The primary outcome was muscle soreness. The secondary outcome was muscle strength and serum creatine kinase (CK) level. The risk of bias was evaluated based on the Cochrane criteria. Data were analyzed using RevMan version 5.3.0 software. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Systematic review registration number is CRD42020157052. Results. Eight trials (six RCTs and two crossover randomized trials) with 289 participants were included. KT use significantly reduced muscle soreness at 48 h (mean difference (MD): -0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.10 to 0.24, P = 0.002) and 72 h postexercise (MD: -0.81, 95% CI: -1.45 to -0.17, P = 0.01) but not at 24 h. KT use improved muscle strength at 72 h postexercise (standardized mean difference: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.69, P = 0.04) but not at 24 or 48 h. However, the serum CK level at 24, 48, and 72 h postexercise was not better in the KT group relative to the control group. Conclusions. Current evidence suggests that KT might help to alleviate DOMS after strenuous exercise to improve muscle strength. Thus, using KT on the skin for more than 48 hours postexercise, but not for 24 h, appears more effective at relieving pain and improving muscle strength.

Abstract Background To investigate the effects of low-intensity exercise on aerobic exercise capacity and autophagy of skeletal muscle in rats after myocardial infarction (MI) and its possible mechanisms. Methods Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 180–200 g, were randomly divided into sham, MI, and MI with exercise training (MI + Ex) groups. MI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. One week after surgery, low-intensity exercise training was carried out on a treadmill 5 days per week for 4 weeks. Results Infarct size of MI and MI + Ex groups was 30.8 ± 5.5% and 27.6 ± 5.0% of left ventricle, respectively (P > 0.05). Heart weight and heart to body weight ratio in the MI group were significantly higher than those in the sham group (P < 0.01), and were lowered by exercise training (P < 0.01). The maximal exercise distance and duration in the MI group were lower than those in the sham group (P < 0.01), but were significantly increased by exercise training (P < 0.05). Autophagosome of the gastrocnemius was not detectable in the sham group, scattered in the MI group but clustered in the MI + Ex group. Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3-I/II) and Beclin-1 protein levels in the gastrocnemius were similar between MI and sham groups, but were significantly higher in the MI + Ex group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Low-intensity exercise improves exercise capacity in rats after MI. The effect is associated with enhanced autophagy of the skeletal muscle.

The social demand of sports rehabilitation specialty in China was investigated through literature review, the enrollment websites of university and expert interviews. Meanwhile, the current educational situation of this specialty and existing problems, such as the unclear goal and the uneven quality of talent-training, were also discussed. On the base of above analysis, this paper puts forward on the orientation of the professional training goal and some countermeasures, providing talent support for achieving the goal of health China.

Previous studies by our group have indicated that exercise intervention can ameliorate endothelial dysfunction, which is an early pathophysiological change of prediabetes mellitus. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that nitric oxide synthases (NOSs), which are expressed in blood vessel endothelium, contribute to the mitigation of vascular endothelium-dependent dysfunction by aerobic exercise in prediabetes mellitus. A prediabetic rat model was established by feeding the rats an additional high-energy diet, and was confirmed by testing blood glucose levels, the area-under-the-curve for the blood glucose tests (P<0.05) and the changes to the histological morphology of the thoracic aorta. Further examination identified that NOS expression changed significantly between the control and prediabetes groups, indicating endothelial dysfunction in the prediabetic rats. Following aerobic exercise, a significant increase in NOS, endothelial (eNOS) mRNA and protein expression (P<0.05), and a significant decrease in NOS, inducible (iNOS) mRNA and protein expression (P<0.05) was identified in the prediabetic rats compared with the control group. No significant change in nitric oxide synthase, brain expression was observed in the prediabetic rat group compared with the control group. Notably, there was also a significant increase and decrease in eNOS and iNOS activity, respectively, in the prediabetes group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, nitric oxide (NO) concentration in the vascular endothelium was detected, which revealed a significant increase in NO concentration in the prediabetic rats following aerobic exercise compared with the control (P<0.05). The present study provided results that demonstrated that aerobic exercise ameliorated the vascular endothelium-dependent dysfunction through the NOS/NO signaling pathway, which is primarily regulated by NOS expression and activity, in prediabetes mellitus. The current study provided the theoretical basis for the use of exercise intervention to prevent diabetes mellitus during the early stage.

目的:探讨有氧运动和二甲双胍对2型糖尿病大鼠血管炎症的影响及机制.方法:对2型糖尿病大鼠分别进行8周有氧运动,二甲双胍与二甲双胍+运动联合干预,检测干预后2型糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢、主动脉形态、血管炎症标志物、氧化应激和NF-κB信号相关指标.结果:糖尿病对照组血清IL-1 β,TNF-α、MCP-l和VCAM-1浓度均显著高于正常对照组,有氧运动及联合干预能显著降低大鼠血清IL-1β、TNF-α、MCP-1和VCAM-1浓度;有氧运动及联合干预能够改善2型糖尿病大鼠血糖代谢,降低血管氧化应激,下调NF-κBp65蛋白和mRNA表达,上调IκBα蛋白表达.结论:有氧运动与联合干预可能部分通过改善2型糖尿病大鼠血糖代谢,降低血管氧化应激,抑制NF-κB信号缓解2型糖尿病大鼠血管炎症.

[目的]观察爬梯训练对糖尿病大鼠抗氧化能力的影响.[方法]32只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病对照组、糖尿病有氧运动组、糖尿病力量训练组.进行运动干预,在干预前、干预过程中和干预结束时称量各组大鼠的体重和空腹血糖,8周后,各组大鼠眼眶取血并处死,测定血清胰岛素和氧化应激指标丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD).[结果](1)与糖尿病对照组相比,两种运动方式干预大鼠体重的增长量均出现了显著性的差异(P<0.05).(2)与糖尿病对照组相比,力量训练与有氧运动对大鼠空腹血糖的和胰岛素抵抗性也都出现显著性的下降(P<0.05).经过8周运动干预糖尿病各组的MDA含量均高于正常对照组,并具有统计意义(P<0.05,P<0.01).运动干预后的大鼠MDA含量也极为显著的低于糖尿病对照组(P<0.01).糖尿病对照组和糖尿病力量训练组的SOD显著低于正常组(P<0.05),而糖尿病游泳组的血清SOD含量与正常组合糖尿病对照组相比无显著性差异.[结论]通过糖尿病大鼠通过有氧运动和力量训练,糖尿病游泳组合糖尿病爬梯组大鼠的病情均有效改善,有氧运动组在改善糖尿病大鼠氧化应激的效果上相对优于力量训练组.

目的:从SIRT1信号角度探讨有氧运动和白藜芦醇改善糖尿病大鼠血管氧化应激和炎症的分子机制.方法:将大鼠分为正常对照组(NC)、糖尿病对照组(DC)、糖尿病运动组(DS)、白藜芦醇干预组(DR)和白藜芦醇+运动联合干预组(DRS),并实施8周干预,干预后采用ELISA和Western Blotting等方法对大鼠糖脂代谢、氧化应激和血管炎症等相关指标进行检测.结果:8周干预后,DRS组空腹血糖和胰岛素明显低于DC组,胰岛素敏感指数和HDL-C明显高于DC组;DS、DR和DRS组大鼠血管SIRT1、Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达均明显高于DC组,NOX4蛋白表达低于DC组,DRS组血管SOD活性明显高于其他4组,DR和DRS组大鼠血管MDA浓度明显低于DC组;DS、DR和DRS组大鼠血清IL-1β和VCAM-1浓度均显著低于DC组,其中,DRS组炎症因子浓度低于DS组,DS、DR和DRS组大鼠血管IκB蛋白表达均显著高于DC组,且DRS组IκB蛋白表达高于DS组.结论:有氧运动和白藜芦醇可能通过SIRT1对Nrf2和NOX4信号,以及NF-κB信号的调节来改善糖尿病大鼠血管氧化应激和炎症.

对2016年邵武市中小学学生(7-18岁)城乡汉族学生的身体素质(速度、力量、耐力)测试结果进行对比分析,结果显示:2016年邵武市中小学学生身体素质城乡差异相对五年前差异缩小,但仍有多个年龄组在不同的要素中存在较大差异.结合邵武市实际情况,探讨城乡经济发展水平、体育资源差异、家庭观念等造成学生体质健康城乡差异的原因,提出发展乡村经济、科普体质健康知识、提高学校体育趣味性、进一步推进阳光体育运动是解决这一问题的主要方式.

目的:评价有氧运动和二甲双胍对糖尿病大鼠血管炎症反应的影响.方法:对糖尿病大鼠(通过高脂饮食+腹腔注射链脲佐菌素制备)分别进行8周有氧运动、二甲双胍与二甲双胍和运动联合治疗干预,检测干预后糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢、血管内皮和血管炎症标志物的相关指标,并探讨影响血管炎症反应的途径.结果:糖尿病对照组血清IL-1β、TNF-α和MCP-1浓度均明显高于正常对照组,二甲双胍组血清IL-1β、TNF-α和MCP-1浓度与糖尿病对照组相比没有明显变化,运动组大鼠血清IL-1β、TNF-α和MCP-1浓度显著低于糖尿病对照组,二甲双胍+运动组血清TNF-α浓度明显低于糖尿病对照组、二甲双胍组和运动组,MCP-1浓度明显低于糖尿病对照组.3个干预组血清IL-10浓度均高于糖尿病对照组,但仅有二甲双胍+运动组具有显著性差异.结论:有氧运动和二甲双胍+运动联合干预均能有效缓解糖尿病大鼠血管炎症反应.