为考察烟叶综合体利益联结情况,采用实地调研和问卷调查等方法对贵州烟叶综合体利益联结进行深入调研分析,发现运行模式、利益分配方式、运行风险、土地流转制度、烟农参与意愿、烟草公司、政府政策、合作社等因素是影响综合体利益联结的主要因素;同时烟叶综合体存在利益联结方式松散、利益联结模式不稳定、经营管理不够规范等问题.

为了明确有机栽培方式对烤烟生长及品质的影响,以K326烤烟品种为研究对象,研究常规与有机栽培方式对贵州省毕节市山地烟株生长发育、生理生化指标、烟叶质量的影响.结果表明:1)2种栽培方式下植株干重随生长发育过程表现出明显的Logistic生长曲线,常规栽培方式的生物积累量大,但是后期有机栽培方式的生物量增加显著.2)2种栽培方式下中部烟叶的光合色素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率均呈先升后降的变化趋势.常规栽培烟叶的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均表现出前期(30～60 d)高于有机栽培烟叶、后期(60～90 d)低于有机栽培烟叶的趋势.3)有机栽培烟叶的烟碱、总氮和蛋白质含量均明显低于常规栽培烟叶,有机栽培烟叶的上部叶和中部叶烟碱含量均显著低于常规栽培烟叶,烟株碳氮营养平衡得到改善.4)有机栽培方式的中部烟叶致香成分总量略低于常规栽培方式,但有机栽培方式可较大幅度提高上部烟叶致香成分总量.综上所述,有机栽培方式可以改善提高烟叶(特别是上部叶)的品质.

为考察烟叶综合体产业融合发展情况,采用实地调研和问卷调查等方法对贵州毕节试验区五个烟叶综合体进行调研分析,发现综合体在产业融合等方面取得了较大发展,同时产业综合体在建设运行模式、土地流转、产业配套、主体培育、资源集聚、利益联结等方面仍存在问题.因此烟叶综合体建设应聚焦运行模式、土地流转、产品销售、三产融合、链条延伸、主体培育、利益联结等方面进行提质增效,多方共同发力推进综合体高质量发展,助力乡村振兴.

In order to pointedly improve tobacco producing infrastructure construction and enhance tobacco farmers′producing level,the research data collected from 180 households in 12 villages in Qianxi County were used to analyze the current status of tobacco producing infrastructure construction,tobacco farmers'satisfaction evaluation and demands for tobacco producing infrastructure construction.Results:definite achievements of tobacco producing infrastructure construction were gained from 2005 to 2012,but the level of satisfaction of tobacco farmers was not high overall and the tobacco farmers’demand was still strong.Tractor roads,irrigation facilities and tobacco barn should be the key fields in the future tobacco producing infrastructure.

利用地区烤烟生产指数,实证考察了1978-2012年中国烤烟生产的区域格局变动特征.回归结果表明,1978年以来,中国烤烟生产的区域格局发生了深刻变化,7个省区烤烟生产指数稳定上升,3个省区一定上升,4个省区相对平稳,3个省区一定下降,6个省区稳定下降,烤烟生产呈现出由东中部向西部欠发达地区集中的趋势.因素分解的结果表明,烤烟种植面积是导致烤烟生产指数变化的重要因素,稳定烤烟面积是保证烟叶产业持续、稳定、健康发展的关键.

Using flue-cured tobacco variety K326 as control,the economic characters,appearance quality,chemical composition and smoking quality of cured tobacco leaves of the new flue-cured tobacco strain Bina No.1 were analyzed;and the industrial evaluation of cured tobacco leaves was conducted by enterprises.The results showed that the yield and output value of Bina No.1 strain was increased by 7.24%,6.28% compared with K326,respectively.The cured tobacco leaves was with good maturity,mainly colored in orange and lemon yellow;the blade structure was loose,slightly thin and mostly with oil;the proportion of chemical constituents was appropriate;aroma was rich and with good quality,indicating that the comprehensive characters of Bina No.1 strain was slightly superior to K326.According to industrial evaluation,cured leaves of Bina No.1 had good appearance quality,loose organizational structure,moderate oil content and thickness.In the aspect of sensory quality,the aroma was sufficient and with good texture,had preferable permeability;the flue gas was smooth and soft,with lasting aftertaste,weak dry sense,less offensive odor,slight irritation,moderate concentration and weak flowing ability.The strength of C3F was slightly large;the under part of leaf had no obvious smell of green gas and earth;while the upper leaf had a scorched flavor;the sense of parts was significant;the overall coordination and balance was good.