Monkeypox (MPX) is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV) and its re-emergence is a potential global threat. The number of human MPX-positive cases reported by some coutries was increasing since it was detected in the UK on May 7, 2022, which has become a public health emergency and attracted global attention. Understanding the virological characteristics, route of transmission, pathogenic mechanism, vaccines and antiviral drugs of MPX is of great significance for the prevention and control of monkeypox. This paper briefly described the etiological characteristics and the prevention and control measures for MPX.

T细胞免疫球蛋白和免疫受体酪氨酸抑制基序(ITIM)结构域蛋白(TIGIT)是免疫球蛋白受体超家族的新成员,具有重要的免疫调节功能.作为新的免疫抑制受体,TIGIT在人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)慢性感染期间,通过导致效应细胞功能障碍及衰竭、协助建立HIV潜伏库等多个方面参与HIV的免疫逃逸,使艾滋病患者难以根除HIV感染.本文就TIGIT在HIV感染中的作用机制最新研究进展进行综述.

持续HBV感染改变了天然免疫细胞和获得性免疫细胞表面受体的表达,由此引发的多种免疫紊乱,可导致免疫逃逸,最终使疾病慢性化.研究表明,抑制性受体的上调是患者免疫紊乱的主要原因,阻断抑制性受体可一定程度上恢复患者的免疫功能.T淋巴细胞免疫球蛋白和免疫受体酪氨酸抑制性基序结构域(TIGIT)是目前较为关注的一种新型抑制性受体,在NK细胞和T淋巴细胞中高水平表达.研究发现,TIGIT在慢性病毒感染中发挥重要作用,现就TIGIT与慢性HBV感染中免疫紊乱的相关性研究进展进行简要综述.

溃疡性结肠炎是一种慢性非特异度炎症性肠病,其病因、治疗和预后尚不明确,积极给予有效的治疗措施和适当的疗效评估对于疾病控制具有重要意义.生物标志物可用于监测疾病严重程度、预测治疗效果及评估预后,目前已有较多研究探讨了生物标志物在溃疡性结肠炎疗效评估及优化用药中的临床价值.本文就生物标志物在溃疡性结肠炎治疗中的应用研究进展进行综述.

Recently, some severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants represented by B.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P1 (Gamma), B.1.617 (Delta) and B.1.529 (Omicron) have higher transmission and pathogenicity. Especially, Omicron causes global panic because of its high mutation in infectivity and vaccine escape, and their emergence makes the epidemic more difficult to control. The latest research reports indicate that these new corona mutants may first be mutated in the special population of immunosuppressive patients, and long-term infection and artificial immunotherapy may promote the variation of SARS-CoV-2. Not only that, there are a large number of congenital or acquired immunosuppressive patients worldwide, and immunosuppressive patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 will also have different impacts on social public health security. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the immunosuppressive population. This paper will briefly analyze the correlation between immunosuppressive population and SARS-CoV-2 variation in the form of review.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a serious threat to human life and health as well as social and economic development. In order to deal with this public health event, scientific research institutions around the world have rapidly developed and put vaccines into urgent use, bringing hope to the victory over the epidemic. However, as the Novel Coronavirus continues to spread throughout the world, the virus genome has mutated to form a variety of variants. Among them, the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron variants show higher infectivity and higher resistance to vaccines and neutralizing antibodies, posing new challenges to the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. At present, the effect of variants on the effectiveness of developed vaccines has become a hot topic of global discussion. In this paper, we briefly review the new progress of novel Coronavirus variants and their effects on vaccine immune protection.

The Omicron sub-lineage BA.2 has caused a new round of infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2), leading to a surge in the number of COVID-19 cases in many countries, including China. Because the subvariant BA.2 shows strong infectivity, fast transmission, strong immune escape ability, relatively mild symptoms, strong concealment, difficult to find and so on, it has gradually become a new challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the virological characteristics of Omicron sub-lineage BA.2 is of great significance for epidemic prevention and control. This paper briefly summarizes the virological characteristics and prevention and control strategies of Omicron sub-lineage BA.2.

Abstract Objective To clarify the accuracy of clusters of regularly spaced short palindrome repeats (CRISPR) technology and chest CT in the diagnosis of Corona Virus Disease2019(COVID-19). Methods The term "Corona Virus Disease " "clustered regularly spaced short palindromic repeats" "CRISPR", "chest CT", "sensitivity and specificity" as the subject words or keywords were searched in databases such as Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wiley and Scopus and Chinese academic databases (such as CNKI, Wanfang and Chongqing VIP data) for relevant literature on the use of CRISPR technology and chest CT for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Meta-analysis was performed after literature screening, quality assessment and data extraction .Results A total of 418 articles were retrieved, and 17 articles were finally included. The results showed that the combined sensitivity of CRISPR technology for diagnosing new coronary pneumonia infection was 0.96 [95% CI (0.93, 0.98)], and the combined specificity was 1.00 [95% CI (0.92, 1.00)], the combined positive likelihood ratio is 458.69 [95%CI (11.51, 18280.8)], the combined negative likelihood ratio is 0.04 [95% CI (0.02, 0.07)], the area under the SROC curve is 0.99 [95%CI(0.97,0.99)]. The combined sensitivity of chest CT in diagnosing new coronary pneumonia infection was 0.94 [95%CI (0.83, 0.98)], combined specificity was 0.55 [95% CI (0.22, 0.83)], combined diagnostic odds ratio was 19.90 [95% CI (7.88, 50.25)], the combined positive likelihood ratio is 2.08 [95%CI (1.00, 4.32)], the combined negative likelihood ratio is 0.10 [95% CI (0.05, 0.23)], the area under the SROC curve is 0.91 [95% CI (0.88, 0.93)]. The Deek funnel chart indicates that there is no potential publication bias among the included studies (PCRISPR = 0.03, P chest CT = 0.55). Conclusion CRISPR technology has a better ability to detect infections in patients with COVID-19, and is better than chest CT in disease diagnosis. CRISPR technology, especially non-SHERLOCK type and multi-target gene detection, can be used to diagnose COVID-19 with higher accuracy ,and can be used for large-scale population screening.

2019新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV)具有高度传染性。随着2019-nCoV在世界范围内的持续传播，病毒已出现多种变异株，其中，阿尔法(Alpha)、贝塔(Beta)、伽马(Gamma)、德尔塔(Delta)和拉姆达(Lambda)变异株表现出更高的传播性和致病性，严重威胁着人类生命健康。现对2019-nCoV的结构特征、变异机制，以及上述5种主要变异株的相关特性和流行病学进行阐述。

新型冠状病毒肺炎由于其极强的传染力目前仍在全球范围内广泛流行,对人们的生命健康造成了极大威胁.然而,通过查阅研究既往文献资料发现,在感染率、危重状况和死亡率上存在性别上的差异.比起女性,男性在新冠肺炎中更容易被感染且病情更严重死亡率更高.首先,性别会对肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS系统)中的关键成分血管紧张素转换酶-2的表达产生影响,这可能使两性在新冠肺炎的表现中产生差异.其次,由于女性有着积极快速强烈的免疫反应,而男性在遇到病原体时免疫反应相对处于弱势,这可能也是新冠肺炎下产生性别差异的原因之一.文章主要从RAS系统失衡和细胞因子风暴这两个新冠肺炎致病因素来对造成性别差异的潜在作用机制研究进展进行综述.

新冠肺炎是由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS?CoV?2)引起的一种致病性极高的传染病.截止目前,新冠肺炎已经导致全球约有2.5亿人的感染,以及超过500万人的死亡.由于新冠病毒具有高度的变异能力,目前已有大量的新冠病毒变异毒株的出现,使新冠肺炎在全球的感染率仍然居于较高水平.最近,世界卫生组织公布了新变异株"缪"(μ,B.1.621)可能具有较高的疫苗耐受性,本文就"缪"毒株的最新研究进展进行详细综述.

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)自2019年12月暴发以来,全球感染人数急剧上升,截至2021年4月,已造成全世界上300万人的死亡[1].考虑到新冠肺炎传播速度快、病死率高,迫切需要一种有效的疫苗来控制这一大流行.虽然目前已有新冠病毒疫苗上市,但是新冠疫情在全球范围并未得到完全的控制,疫苗的有效性是当前全世界最关注的问题.笔者就新冠病毒疫苗的最新研究进展进行综述.

2019年爆发的由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)引起的新冠肺炎威胁着全球公共卫生.大多数新冠肺炎病患者早期以呼吸系统症状最为常见,然而随着对新冠肺炎的进一步了解,腹泻、恶心、呕吐等胃肠道症状越来越受到关注.且部分患者以腹泻等为首发症状,极易造成漏诊.本文阐述了新冠肺炎病毒与胃肠道之间的密切关系,就新型冠状病毒肺炎对胃肠道影响及作用机制的研究进展作一简要综述.

The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 threatens global public health. In the early stage, respiratory symptoms are the most common in patients with new coronal pneumonia, but with the spread of the disease around the world, gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea and vomiting have attracted more and more attention. And some patients take diarrhea as the first symptom, which is easy to cause missed diagnosis. This paper expounds the close relationship between COVID-19 and gastrointestinal tract, and reviews the research progress of COVID-19's effect on gastrointestinal tract.