Abstract The porosity of concrete is the root cause of durability problems in concrete. Water absorption rate and water absorption speed can be used to detect the pore structure distribution of concrete. Based on the principle of permeability coefficient method, the water absorption method was improved in this study. This paper conducted an experimental study on how BA (biomass ash), CMA (cattle manure ash), and FA (fly ash) with different particle sizes affect the water absorption speed and coefficient of concrete. The results showed that among BA, FA, and CMA, the water absorption speed and coefficient of FA are the smallest among all admixtures in concrete, and the water absorption speed and coefficient of BA are the smaller. The water absorption coefficient is greater than that of FA, and the water absorption speed and coefficient of CMA are greater than those of BA. With the same dosage (15% in this test), the smaller the water cement ratio, the smaller the water absorption rate of CMA concrete; The water absorption rate of CMA concrete decreases with the increase of age. When the dosage is the same, the influence of particle size on the water absorption coefficient of concrete is the same as the influence of particle size on the water absorption speed of concrete. Factors affecting the water absorption coefficient of CMA materials include particle size distribution, shape, specific surface area, and so on. The results provide a reference for studying the durability of CMA concrete.

The disposal of biomass ash (BA) will be of great importance for environmental protection and sustainability, and the aim of this study is to analyze the feasibility of the resourceful use of biomass ash in civil engineering materials. The effects of the content and type of biomass ash on the flowability, setting time, compressive strength, flexural strength, bonding strength, and drying shrinkage of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) mortar were investigated. In addition, the effects of BA on the hydration and microstructure of MPC were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that BA significantly affects the flowability and setting time of MPC mortar. The compressive and flexural strength of MPC mortars decreases with increasing amounts of BA. The drying shrinkage of MPC mortar specimens increases exponentially with the increase of BA content. The incorporation of BA will reduce the bonding strength of the MPC mortar, which is associated with increased drying shrinkage. The incorporation of BA into MPC results in low hydration product generation and poor pore structure. The incorporation of BA into MPC has a significant effect on the microstructure morphology and the hollow columnar-like hydration product may be formed by the reaction of BA with MgO in the paste.

文章以军事设施建设项目中队宿舍楼为例,具体应用表现在为军队勘察设计单位提供可视化参考、为官兵安全疏散提供参考、对设计人员协调提供指导、对历史遗留问题提供指导、为军用土地调查提供参考等方面.

目的 探讨人脐带间充质干细胞(UC-MSCs)对急性颅脑创伤(TBI)大鼠受损脑组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和白细胞介素-12(IL-12)的影响.方法 将45只Sprague-Dawley大鼠依据随机数字法分为对照组、TBI模型组和TBI干细胞治疗组,每组15只.采用免疫组织化学法、反转录聚合酶链反应、蛋白印迹法及酶联免疫吸附试剂盒等检测各组受损脑组织区域SOD和IL-12(含血清浓度)的表达情况,并比较各组脑组织IL-12信使RNA(mRNA)、SOD mRNA、SOD蛋白、IL-12蛋白的表达和SOD阳性细胞数以及血清IL-12水平.结果 与对照组相比,TBI模型组脑组织IL-12 mRNA、SOD mRNA、IL-12蛋白和SOD蛋白表达水平均明显上调[(0.689±0.093)比(0.430±0.151)、(0.414±0.092)比(0.332±0.114)、(0.733±0.091)比(0.364±0.106)、(0.494±0.063)比(0.402±0.101)](P<0.05);TBI干细胞治疗组SOD mRNA和SOD蛋白表达水平明显上调[(0.630±0.163)比(0.332±0.114)、(0.774±0.103)比(0.402±0.101)](P<0.05),IL-12 mRNA和IL-12蛋白表达水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).与TBI模型组相比,TBI干细胞治疗组IL-12 mRNA和IL-12蛋白表达水平明显下调[(0.386±0.104)比(0.689±0.093)、(0.413±0.164)比(0.733±0.091)](P<0.05),SOD mRNA和SOD蛋白表达水平明显上调(P<0.05).对照组、TBI模型组、TBI干细胞治疗组大鼠SOD阳性细胞数分别为(0.031±0.007)、(0.069±0.006)、(0.123±0.013),TBI模型组和TBI干细胞治疗组大鼠SOD阳性细胞数明显多于对照组(P<0.01),TBI干细胞治疗组明显多于TBI模型组(P<0.01).对照组、TBI模型组、TBI干细胞治疗组大鼠血清IL-12水平分别为(0.378±0.045)pg/mL、(5.450±0.941)pg/mL、(1.467±0.321)pg/mL,TBI模型组血清IL-12水平高于对照组(P<0.05),TBI干细胞治疗组低于TBI模型组(P<0.01).结论 UC-MSCs移植可提高TBI大鼠脑损伤区域SOD的表达,并抑制氧化应激反应,降低IL-12表达水平,有效控制炎症级联反应,有利于受损脑组织的恢复.

This paper introduces the composition of the premium rate of Inherent Defects Insurance, and analyzes the the factors influencing the premium rate of the Inherent Defects Insurance.

Analyze the moral hazard issues in the construction agency system, and enumerate the performance of moral hazard. Deeply analyze the causes, start with strengthening supervision and perfecting incentive measures, eliminate the impact of moral hazard, and give play to the advantages of agent construction.

2019年全军实行代建管理模式,军队工程建设到了一个新的阶段.本文结合代建模式下的军队工程的特点,对风险因素进行识别,提出代建模式下军队工程推行工程保险制度的必要性,探讨了推行的难点和对策.

This paper analyzes the concept, advantages and disadvantages of inherent defects insurance, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures to provide reference for the further development of inherent defects insurance.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) transplantation on traumatic brain injury (TBI). MATERIAL and METHODS: UC-MSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord and TBI rat model was constructed. 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, TBI group and MSCs transplantation group. Rats in MSCs group received the injection of a total of 1.5 x 106 MSCs (25 pl) via ventricle at operated ventricular coordinates (0 at bregma, 1.5 mm at lateral, 1.1 mm at behind, 4.5 mm in depth). RESULTS: 80% confluence of cells was formed from tissue at day 10 and the amount of CD90, CD73, CD105 positive cells increased correspondingly. In TBI model, clear hyperemia, edema and obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells in brain tissue were found. However, the manifestations were alleviated after the treatment of MSCs. In MSCs group, GFP in the brain tissue and the area around the vessels were found after the injection, while the expression levels of micro-vessel density (MVD), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were elevated. CONCLUSION: UC-MSCs transplantation for treatment of acute TBI could effectively reduce the injury and improve the vascular reconstruction.

Cattle manure ash (CMA) is an industrial waste generated by biomass power plants. Cement-based material may react with CMA via an alkali silicate reaction. The objection of this study is to confirm whether three types of biomass ash (CMAa, CMAb, CMAc) with different chemical composition will occur alkali aggregate reaction when it is added into cement mortar. To obtain three types of biomass ash, we used a muffle furnace to simulate the biomass power combustion temperature (500 °C, 650 °C, and 800 °C). These CMAs were then analyzed via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cement mortar with and without CMA was used as a comparison sample (CMA constituting volume fractions of 5%, 10%, and 15%, was used to replace the cement). The expansion length of the mortar specimen, phase of the hydration reaction product, and microstructure of the reaction product were investigated in specimens subjected to autoclaving. The results revealed that the expansion length of the autoclaved (i) control specimen was >0.1%, (ii) cement mortar with CMAa and CMAb specimen was <0.1% and cement mortar with CMAc specimen was >0.1% for CMA dosages of 5–15%. Moreover, SEM results showed that an alkali silicate reaction ring formed around the aggregate of the cement mortar with CMAc. These results indicated that the alkali silicate reaction occurred in the CMAc sample, regardless of the replacement fraction. The CMAc alkali silicate reaction was attributed to two factors, namely the amorphous silicon of CMAc was less than that of CMAa and CMAb, and CMAc was coarser than CMAa and CMAb.

Objective To investigate the supernatant of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) on tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and apoptosis protein caspase-3 in diabetic rats model with skin ulcer. Methods 45 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (acute wounds group), phosphate buffered saline (PBS) group and UCMSCs supernatant group. The diabetic rat model was constructed by injecting with alloxan by tail vein and feeding with high-fat diet. Diabetic skin ulcer (DSU) rat model was constructed by scratching a wound and infusing suspension of Staphylococcus aureus. In the control group, the diabetic rats (n=15) were scratched to form a wound and treated by tail vein injection of 100μl PBS. In the PBS group, DSU rats (n=15) were treated by tail vein injection of 100μl PBS, and then 100μl PBS was dropped at the ulcer site. In the UCMSCs supernatant group, freeze-dried powder of UCMSCs supernatant was dissolved in 200μl PBS, 100μl of which was injected into the tail vein of DSU rats (n=15), and other 100μl was dropped at the ulcer site. After 5 days of the treatments, the levels of serum TNF-αwere detected by radioimmunoassay method, and the expression of TNF-αand caspase-3 in the ulcer tissues of rats was detected by polymerase chain reaction and Western Blot. Results The levels of TNF-αin the PBS group [(35.9±3.7)μg/L] were significantly higher than that of the control group [(11.4±4.9)μg/L] and the UCMSCs group [(14.7±6.6)μg/L] (all P<0.05). The levels of mRNA and protein expression of TNF-αand caspase-3 in the UCMSCs group were significantly lower than those of the PBS group (all P<0.05), and have no significant differences with respect to those of the control group (all P>0.05). Conclusions UCMSCs supernatant treatments can effectively down-regulate the expression of TNF-αand caspase-3 in ulcer tissue of DSU rats, and play an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect.

目的 探讨脐带间充质干细胞(UC-MSC)对急性卵巢缺血再灌注损伤小鼠卵巢组织中过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和白细胞介素-12(IL-12)表达的影响.方法 30只C57BL/6NCrl雌性小鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组及干细胞组,每组10只.假手术组小鼠仅在手术侧卵巢动脉下穿线,不结扎(不阻断血供);模型组、干细胞组小鼠结扎手术侧卵巢动脉30 min后剪断结扎线恢复血液供应;干细胞组小鼠于恢复卵巢血液供应后24 h经尾静脉注射1.0×106个UC-MSC,假手术组、模型组小鼠均于同时间点尾静脉注射等体积的生理盐水.尾静脉注射72 h后处死各组小鼠,取手术侧卵巢组织,实时定量聚合酶链反应法检测各组小鼠卵巢组织中IL-12、SOD mRNA表达,Western blot法检测各组小鼠卵巢组织中IL-12、SOD蛋白表达.结果 模型组小鼠卵巢组织中IL-12 mRNA、IL-12蛋白表达显著高于假手术组(P＜0.05);干细胞组小鼠卵巢组织中IL-12 mRNA、IL-12蛋白表达显著低于模型组(P＜0.05).模型组和干细胞组小鼠卵巢组织中SOD mRNA、SOD蛋白表达高于假手术组(P＜0.05),干细胞组小鼠卵巢组织中SOD mRNA、SOD蛋白表达高于模型组(P＜0.05).结论 UC-MSC移植可降低小鼠缺血再灌注损伤卵巢组织中IL-12表达,提高SOD表达,抑制炎症反应,改善氧化应激损伤,有益于受损卵巢功能的恢复.

Yanlong ZHANG : 0000-0001-8358-7166 Ping WANG : 0000-0001-7517-8688 Huajiang DONG : 0000-0002-4141-3077 Keqiang WANG : 0000-0003-4813-4537 Dingwei PENG : 0000-0001-8112-5902 Xiping YANG : 0000-0003-3583-813X Lixia ZHANG : 0000-0001-5745-7157 Tao JIANG : 0000-0002-6355-302X Yuetong HUI : 0000-0001-7248-5481 Lei WANG : 0000-0002-2931-8317 Chongzhi SHANG : 0000-0001-7207-9115 Huipeng MENG : 0000-0002-7947-1360 Dingwei PENG1*, Xiping YANG1*, Lixia ZHANG2*, Xingyi SONG3*, Tao JIANG3, Yuetong HUI3, Lei WANG4, Chongzhi SHANG1, Huipeng MENG5, Yanlong ZHANG5, Ping WANG5, Huajiang DONG3, Keqiang WANG5,6

目的 探讨脐带间充质干细胞(UC-MSCs)对急性卵巢缺血再灌注损伤卵巢组织内血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的影响.方法 30只C57BL/6NCrl雌性小鼠,采用随机数字法分为三组:假手术组、卵巢缺血+再灌注损伤组(模型组)、卵巢缺血+再灌注损伤+UC-MSCs干预组(干细胞组),每组10只.操作如下:假手术组在卵巢动脉仅穿线,不阻断血液灌流,缝合肌肉、皮肤;模型组结扎卵巢动脉(余同假手术组),阻断卵巢血液供应30 min,而后剪断结扎线恢复血流;干细胞组为结扎30 min后恢复血流灌注,并给予干细胞干预治疗,即将1.0×106 UC-MSCs通过尾静脉注射途径输注至小鼠体内.采用实时定量聚合酶链反应和Western blot技术等检测各组缺血卵巢组织内VEGF和TNF-α的变化,利用酶联免疫吸附试剂盒测定血清TNF-α水平,流式细胞术检测体内UC-MSCs数量变化.结果 与假手术组比较,模型组小鼠卵巢组织的TNF-αmRNA以及蛋白的表达均升高(0.57±0.19比0.19±0.04,0.65±0.21比0.23±0.10)(P<0.05);与模型组比较,干细胞组TNF-αmRNA以及蛋白(分别为0.31±0.16,0.21±0.07)均下降(P<0.05);与假手术组比较,模型组小鼠卵巢组织的VEGF mRNA以及VEGF蛋白的表达均升高(0.29±0.13比0.26±0.11,0.22±0.09比0.19±0.09)(P<0.05);而与模型组比较,干细胞组VEGF mRNA及VEGF蛋白表达水平(分别为0.70±0.23,0.58±0.24)均上调(P<0.05).模型组、干细胞组TNF-α蛋白水平较假手术组升高[(5.232±1.320)pg、(1.439±0.508)pg比(0.435±0.012)pg](P<0.01);干细胞组TNF-α水平较模型组降低(P<0.01).模型组大鼠UC-MSCs的数量与假手术组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干细胞组UC-MSCs的数量高于假手术组和模型组[(3.176±0.936)％比(0.091±0.034)％、(0.134±0.081)％](P<0.05).结论 行UC-MSCs移植术治疗小鼠急性卵巢缺血再灌注损伤可有效提高VEGF的表达,改善损伤区域炎症反应,通过降低TNF-α的表达水平有效抑制炎症进展.

结合工程实例,根据对被动式营房技术风险的因素分析,以被动式营房技术风险中的准确性、合理性、成熟性、安全性为风险要素,确定技术风险对质量、进度、安全、成本的影响程度,运用风险因子模糊评价的方法,对被动式营房工程项目的技术风险进行综合评价.

从环境的角度分析影响被动式营房施工进度的因素,建立被动式营房施工进度指标体系,以被动式营房活动持续时间为综合评价目标,确定预计工期,为被动式营房进度管理提供科学依据,提高计划管理与进度控制的科学水平,优化资源配置,提供工程建设效率.

为实现建筑业的可持续发展,被动式建筑被大力推广普及.被动式建筑带来建造方式和建筑理念变革的同时建筑成本的普遍增加使得被动式建筑的发展受到一定的制约.本文从增量成本的角度分析了其概念、影响因素,通过适宜技术的选用,相关管理制度的完善,使得被动式建筑以最少的增量成本实现效益的最大化.

From the perspective of control function, the index system of safety investment intensity of construction enterprises is established. Taking preventive security investment as the research object, the ranking of safety investment intensity is determined according to the significance model of preventive security investment, and the optimization model of safety investment intensity distribution is determined based on accident loss safety investment, providing effective guarantee for construction enterprises to reasonably allocate security investment intensity and improve safety production efficiency.