The holiday atmosphere abounds in marketing campaigns. The present research examines how the holiday atmosphere of a brand logo influences consumers’ merchandise-related nostalgic preference. Across three studies, the authors find that when consumers are exposed to brand logos with a strong (vs. weak) holiday atmosphere, they prefer nostalgic products (Study 1). This effect occurs because consumers exposed to a strong (vs. weak) holiday atmosphere generate more childhood imagery, resulting in significantly more choices of nostalgic products (Study 2). Additionally, the paper finds that the effect of the holiday atmosphere of a brand logo on merchandise-related nostalgic preference—here, the preference for products of nostalgic brands—does not occur for non-traditional holidays (Study 3). These findings make important contributions to the literature on holiday marketing, logo design and nostalgic marketing.

2022年1月10日至14日,沙特阿拉伯外交大臣费萨尔、巴林外交大臣扎耶尼、科威特外交大臣兼内阁事务国务大臣艾哈迈德、阿曼外交大臣巴德尔、土耳其外长查武什奥卢、伊朗外长阿卜杜拉希扬及海湾阿拉伯国家合作委员会(简称海合会)秘书长纳伊夫先后到访中国.其间,阿联酋外交与国际合作部部长阿卜杜拉也与中方举行了电话会晤.

Sharing accommodation creates a sense of home between hosts and guests, and fosters interactivity and interpersonal relationships. To clarify how host images influence guests' rental intention, we evaluated the effect of the host's facial expression and analyzed the psychological mechanism of trust in 3 studies. The conceptual model was verified through data mining in Study 1 and by conducting a simulation in Studies 2 and 3. The results show that a host's positive expression increased guest rental intention and that this effect was mediated by trust. Practical and theoretical implications of the results are discussed.

The article examines a window of opportunity that emerged between 1955 and 1957 and which could have resulted in the normalisation of Saudi Arabia's relations with the People's Republic of China, along with a few other states from the communist bloc. As the article will show, this possibility emerged as a by-product of the Kingdom's national security challenges during that juncture, and which in turn contributed towards its embrace of a strategy playing both sides of the Cold War divide against one another. This strategy elicited the desired American response which, hand in hand with changing Saudi assessments of regional threats by late 1956, consolidated the American-Saudi security partnership and foreclosed Sino-Saudi normalisation. While the Kingdom had 'moved on' by 1957, a reading of open Chinese sources from the late 1950s suggests that Beijing continued to harbour the hope that formal relations could be established.

自2015年萨勒曼国王上台以来,沙特一改往日居中调停的稳健外交形象,在中东地区发动了一系列外交和军事攻势.与此同时,沙特王室家族内部的政治争斗迭起.作为绝对君主制国家,沙特对外政策的制定受到内外多重因素的影响.萨勒曼政权对外政策制定与王室政治的关系突出表现为,沙特家族内部的权力博弈导致执政者倾向于通过采取进攻性对外政策来转移内部压力并攫取更多权力.从历史来看,这种压力转移式集权策略并非毫无限制,而是受制于多重因素,特别是内部分裂程度与外界反应强弱的影响.

自2015年以来,沙特策动了一连串外交与军事攻势,背后是王室内部的权力博弈.在家国体制下,考察沙特王室政治是理解其对外决策的关键.沙特王室政治的权力制度是君主专制与家族共治并存,它以维系家族统治为根本目标,王位争夺成了博弈核心.这对沙特国家对外决策班子构成、决策模式和政策走向都产生了深远影响.萨勒曼父子通过发动对外攻势转移内部压力和凝聚权力,而后沙特对外政策也回归温和.但是,随着新一代王室成员逐渐步入政治核心,王室政治更趋复杂,王国未来对外政策难免起伏.