Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils threatens crop safety and ecosystem integrity, driving the need for high-biomass remediation plants. This study investigated the growth responses, physiological adjustments, and Cd accumulation characteristics of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Red through a 135-day pot experiment under graded Cd stress (0, 1.5, 10, and 25 mg kg(-1)). The results revealed that P. purpureum cv. Red exhibited a typical "low-promotion and high-inhibition" response pattern and a "root retention-stem buffering" strategy, whereby Cd was primarily immobilized in the root system and further restricted from reaching leaves by enhanced pectin sequestration in stems. Cadmium was predominantly retained in the root system (Translocation factor <0.4). Under high Cd exposure, stem pectin content increased by 77.2%, effectively restricting Cd transfer to photosynthetic tissues. The antioxidant enzyme system (SOD, CAT, POD) was significantly activated, although it provided limited mitigation against high Cd toxicity. Biomass recovery and a "compensatory growth effect" were observed during the later growth stage. Partial Least Squares Path Modeling indicated that internal Cd concentration, rather than the externally applied dose, better explained the physiological and growth responses, highlighting the crucial role of stem cell wall components in Cd sequestration. By day 135, the total Cd accumulation per plant in the high-Cd treatment reached 6.25 mg, demonstrating a balanced combination of moderate Cd accumulation capacity and stable growth. In summary, P. purpureum cv. Red, with its high biomass production and moderate Cd accumulation capability, shows significant potential for the phytoremediation of moderately Cd-contaminated soils. The coordinated inter-organ defense mechanisms and late-stage compensatory growth offer new insights for the sustainable remediation of agricultural ecosystems in subtropical regions.

With increasing industrialization and agricultural activities,heavy metal pollution has emerged as a global environmental crisis,posing severe threats to soil quality,ecosystem functions,and biological health.Phytoremediation,as a green,cost-effective,and sustainable remediation strategy,demonstrates significant potential through plant-rhizosphere microbial systems to absorb,immobilize,or degrade heavy metals.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in phytoremediation technologies,with a focus on elucidating plant response mechanisms to heavy metal stress.Key aspects include:adaptive root architectural modifications and their interactions with rhizosphere microbial communities;root exudate-mediated regulation of metal mobilization;and physiological pathways governing heavy metal uptake,translocation,and hyperaccumulation,coupled with cellular compartmentalization and antioxidant defense strategies.The limitations of phytoremediation technology were analyzed from three aspects:restoration efficiency,application scope,and ecological risk.Further optimization strategies were proposed from aspects such as variety screening and improvement,elucidation of molecular mechanisms,plant-microbe synergistic remediation,and resource utilization,including technologies like gene editing,molecular breeding,and rhizosphere-enhanced phytoremediation.These findings provide theoretical foundations and technical pathways for soil heavy metal remediation while advancing innovative frameworks for ecological restoration and environmental governance.

In the post-antibiotic era, the Bacillus-based direct-fed beneficial microorganisms are emerging as a cornerstone for sustainable animal farming. This study aimed to screen and evaluate Bacillus strains with probiotic potential for use as feed additives. A total of 394 Bacillus strains were initially screened based on their extracellular enzyme production (cellulase, protease, and amylase) and antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enterica. Two strains, Bacillus velezensis FJAT-10508 and FJAT-13563, were selected and subsequently subjected to in vitro probiotic characterization, safety assessment, and whole-genome analysis. The results demonstrated that both strains exhibited α-hemolysis, acceptable antibiotic susceptibility profiles, absence of invasion and cytotoxicity effect on the Caco-2 cells, and no mobile virulence or antibiotic resistance genes, indicating their safety as probiotic candidates. High endospore-forming efficiencies (72.4–90.8%), strong auto-aggregation (74–85%) and co-aggregation abilities (52–82%) were observed. In addition, both strains showed considerable tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal conditions, with vegetative cell and endospore survival rates of 28.33–38.33% and 85–89.67% at pH 2.0, and 38.33–43.33% and 90.33–96.33% in 0.3% bile salts, respectively. Overall, B. velezensis FJAT-10508 and FJAT-13563 demonstrated robust in vitro probiotic properties, supporting their potential application as reliable Bacillus-based feed additives.

[Objective]In recent years,with the promotion of rain-shelter cultivation and double cropping techniques,grape production in hot zones has achieved off-season and high-efficiency production.However,hot-region grapes face problems such as poor flower bud differentiation,uneven germination,and"flower running",which are the main constraints on stable and high-quality production.This study aims to systematically investigate and evaluate the inflorescence attachment characteristics and development quality of 98 grape germplasms in hot zones Guangxi,clarify the adaptability differences among different germplasms in hot zones,and provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for variety breeding and production management.[Method]This study investigated and evaluated the germination rate,flower bud rate,shoot formation rate,number of inflorescences per shoot,inflorescence attachment node,inflorescence type and quality of 98 grape germplasms in hot zones Guangxi for two consecutive years,covering European,American,and European-American hybrids.It deeply analyzed the quality differences and patterns among different varieties and inflorescence attachment nodes.[Result]Under the treatment of hydrogen cyanamide,all 98 germplasms could germinate and form shoots smoothly,among which 92 varieties could form normal inflorescences.The average germination rate was 90.42％,the shoot formation rate was 92.13％,the flower bud rate was about 61.06％,and the average number of inflorescences per shoot was 1.67.However,abnormal inflorescences were quite prominent,with a total proportion of 40.56％.This study classified abnormal inflorescences into three major types:tendrils type,differentiation cessation type and trophic tissue type.Among them,the tendril type was the most common,further divided into one to five tendril types,and all investigated varieties had two tendrils type inflorescences;the differentiation cessation type included single head type(only scales or death point),tendrils death point type,and branch death point type;the trophic tissue type included branch tendril and leaf tendril types.Shine Muscat showed all abnormal types and were representative materials of high sensitivity.Among the 8 investigated nodes,the inflorescence attachment was most concentrated at the 3rd and 4th nodes,accounting for 27.99％and 27.06％of the total inflorescences,respectively.The abnormal inflorescence rate at the 3rd node was the lowest,only 17.22％.Further population analysis indicated that V vinifera L.×V.labrusca L.had higher flower bud rates(68.60％),more inflorescences per shoot(about 1.8),and higher normal inflorescence rates than V vinifera(flower bud rate 46.59％).Moreover,varieties with high germination rates,flower bud rates,and shoot formation rates had more inflorescences per shoot and significantly lower abnormal inflorescence rates.[Conclusion]The attachment node of inflorescences significantly affects their quality performance.Among them,the middle nodes,especially the 3rd node,had the lowest abnormal inflorescence rate.Therefore,in production,for varieties prone to abnormal inflorescences,it is recommended to prioritize the retention of inflorescences at the 3rd node.Varieties with high germination rates,flower bud rates,and shoot formation rates and more inflorescences per shoot are more likely to obtain normal and high-quality inflorescences.Different grape populations show significant differences in inflorescence development and abnormal occurrence.V vinifera L.×V.labrusca L.perform better in hot zones,with higher flower bud rates and normal inflorescence proportions.They are recommended as the preferred germplasm resources for cultivation in hot zones.

Winter berries accumulated more free volatile compounds than summer berries, and C6 volatile compounds were the main contributors to free volatile compounds. The volatile composition of grapes and wines is important in viticulture, since their aroma is one of the most important determinants of grape fruit quality. The aroma and general quality of grape fruit are influenced by the production of volatile compounds primarily influenced by crop management. In this study, the free and bound volatile compounds were determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), along with the transcriptomic analysis using Shine Muscat grape (Vitis labruscana Baily × V. vinifera L.) of summer and winter berries under two-crop-a-year cultivation in Guangxi. The findings demonstrated that phenols, terpenoids, and alcohols were the main bound volatile compounds in fruits from both seasons, whereas aldehydes, terpenoids, and alcohols were the leading free volatile compounds. Free volatile compound concentrations were substantially higher in winter than summer berries, but bound volatile compound concentrations were much lower. Specifically, the concentrations/constitution of free C6 volatile compounds showed a significant difference between the two seasons and highly correlated with the transcription of three genes involved in the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway. Winter berries had a higher concentration of aldehydes, which might be ascribed to the higher expression of VvLOXA (VIT_06s0004g01510) and VvHPL1 (VIT_12s0059g01060) genes, while the higher concentration of alcohols in summer berries might be due to the higher expression of alcohol dehydrogenase (VvADH1, VIT_18s0001g15410). Furthermore, two VvBGLU genes (VIT_05s0077g01150, VIT_01s0011g00760) were supposed to regulate the enzymatic hydrolysis of glycoside-bound compounds in grapes. Three transcription factors including MYB60, MYBA1, and GATA16 were highly correlated with VvADH1, and they might play an important role in grape C6 alcohol biosynthesis. The findings may help to reveal a transcriptional regulation network of volatile compounds biosynthetic in grapes and to develop efficient cultivation practices.

This study aims to investigate the impact of salt field waste-generated bio-organic fertilizer application on the bacterial community structure within the rhizosphere soil of tea plants. After the administration of salt field waste-generated bio-organic fertilizer, the content of tea polyphenols in tea decreased, while the content of caffeine and free amino acids increased. The results showed that the dominant bacterial species in the rhizosphere soil of tea plants were Chloroflexi, Acidobacteriota, and Proteobacteria. The most dominant genus were k__Bacteria__p__Proteobacteria__c__uncultured__o__uncultured__f__uncultured__g__uncultured, k__Bacteria__p__Acidobacteriota__c__Acidobacteriae__o__Subgroup_2__f__Subgroup_2__g__Subgroup_2, k__Bacteria__p__Chloroflexi__c__AD3__o__AD3__f__AD3__g__AD3, k__Bacteria__p__Chloroflexi__c__Ktedonobacteria__o__Ktedonobacterales__f__Ktedonobacteraceae__g__HSB_OF53-F07, and g__Acidothermus. Following the application of bio-organic fertilizer, g__AD3, g__Subgroup_2, and g__HSB_OF53_F07 in the rhizosphere soil of the tea plants exhibited a decreasing trend compared to the control group. p_Proteobacteria was significantly increased, and p_Chloroflexi was considerably decreased in soils treated with bioorganic fertilizers, indicating that bio-organic fertilizers might influence the soil microbial structure in the rhizosphere soil of tea plants. Network association analyses showed a strong positive correlation between g_Candidatus_Solibacter and g_Bryobacter and a significant negative correlation between g_AD3 and g_ADurb.Bin063_1. Applying salt field waste-generated bio-organic fertilizers might effectively adjust the bacterial community structure in tea plants’ rhizosphere soil, improving the quality of tea. This study provides valuable insights into the potential benefits of utilizing bio-organic fertilizer from salt field waste in tea plantations.

The primary objective of this study is to facilitate the conversion of inorganic selenium (Se) into organic Se within plants via assimilation, subsequently feeding it to livestock and poultry to enhance healthy animal production and yield Se-enriched livestock and poultry products. Therefore, it is imperative to first investigate the impact of varying Se doses on the agronomic traits of plants as well as their forage storage and processing. This experiment investigated the effect of Se fertilizer application on the fermentation quality, chemical composition, and bacterial community of Pennisetum americanum × Pennisetum purpureum cv Minmu 7 (HPM7). There were nine Se fertilizer dissolution levels of HPM7 treated, which were 0 mg/kg (Se0), 0.50 mg/kg (Se1), 1.00 mg/kg (Se2), 2.00 mg/kg (Se3), 5.00 mg/kg (Se4), 10.00 mg/kg (Se5), 20.00 mg/kg (Se6), 30.00 mg/kg (Se7), 40.00 mg/kg (Se8), and 50.00 mg/kg (Se9). The results showed that after silage, the water-soluble carbohydrates of Se1, Se2, and Se3 were lower than Se0, and the pH of Se3, Se4, and Se6 were lower than the Se0. The number of OTUs in the nine groups was sequentially Se1 > Se2 > Se3 > Se8 > Se6 > Se5 > Se7 > Se4 > Se0. The dominant bacterial phyla in silage samples were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Compared with Se0, Bacterial Shannon index in Se1 and Se2 were higher, while Chao1 and ACE indices of Se1, Se2, Se3, Se5, and Se6 were higher. A beta diversity analysis indicated that the Se1 exhibited the highest number of significant biomarkers. Escherichia coli between Se0 and Se3 and Clostridium sardiniense and Clostridium perfringens between Se0 and Se1 exhibited significant differences at a species level. The most abundant pathways for metabolism were membrane transport, carbohydrate metabolism, translation, replication, repair, and amino acid metabolism. The correlation analysis indicated that the dry matter content was negatively correlated with Bacillus (p < 0.01), Lactobacillus (p < 0.05), Pediococcus (p < 0.05), and Hirschia (p < 0.05); the contents of neutral detergent fiber and hemi-cellulose were positively correlated with Lactobacillus (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). The protein content was negatively correlated with proteus (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that the application of Se fertilizer could enhance the Se content in HPM7. The optimal fertilization concentration was found to range from 0.50 to 2.00 mg/kg, which facilitates the metabolism of soluble carbohydrates and enhances both the fermentation quality and microbial relative abundance of HPM7 silage.

Abstract Background: Aroma components play a crucial role in grape quality formation, and diverse cultivation environments significantly impact grape aroma metabolism. This study aims to explore the differences in aroma metabolism in Shine Muscat grapes under summer and winter growth conditions in Guangxi, utilizing HS-SPME-GC-MS for aroma component measurement at different developmental stages. Omics analysis is combined to elucidate the changes in aroma components. Results: In both summer and winter, the predominant free aroma components of grape fruits were aldehydes, terpenes, and alcohols, while bound aroma components were mainly phenols, alcohols, and terpenes. Winter fruits exhibited significantly higher total free aroma content and monomeric compound content compared to summer. Specifically, the concentration of (E)-2-hexenal was higher in winter fruits, whereas (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol showed the opposite trend. Transcriptome and qPCR results indicated that changes in C6 compounds in Shine Muscat grapes were consistent with VvLOXA, VvHPL1, and VvADH1. The differential expression of VvLOXA or VvADH1 in winter fruit may explain the higher concentration of (E)-2-hexenal or lower content of (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol in Shine Muscat grapes during winter. Conclusions: This study reveals significant differences in the aroma metabolism of Shine Muscat grapes between summer and winter seasons, providing a foundation for regulating aroma accumulation through temperature and water control in production.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of fermented spent mushroom substrate from Pleurotus eryngii (SMPE) supplementation on production performance, meat quality and rumen bacterial community structure of Hu sheep. 120 2-month-old Hu sheep with average body weight [(13.50 ± 3.10) kg] were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 10 sheep per replicate. The control group (RL1) was fed a total mixed ration (TMR), and group RL2, RL3 and RL4 were fed the basal diets supplemented with 15%, 30% and 45% fermented SMPE, respectively. The pretest period lasted for 10 days and the test period lasted for 150 days. The results showed that: (1) Difference (p < 0.05) was observed in average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) between RL2 and RL4 groups. The eye muscle area (EMA) and grade rule (GR) values in RL2 and RL3 were significantly higher than those in RL1 and RL4 groups (p < 0.05). (2) The contents of threonine, valerine, leucine, lysine, histidine, essential amino acids, flavor amino acids, aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid and arginine of the longissimus dorsi muscle in RL2 and RL3 groups were significantly higher than RL1 and RL4 (p < 0.05). (3) A total of 1,202,445 valid sequences were obtained from rumen of Hu sheep fed different amounts of fermented feed, and the valid sequences were clustered into 9824 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). (4) α diversity analysis showed that the richness and diversity of rumen bacterial communities in Hu sheep in RL1, RL2, RL3 and RL4 groups were significantly higher than RL0 (raw materials of fermented SMPE) group (p < 0.05). β diversity analysis showed that the bacterial community structure was the most different between RL0 and RL3. (5) At the genus level, compared with RL1, the relative abundance of Christensenellaceae R-7 in RL3 group decreased significantly by 33.59%, the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae UCG001 in RL2, RL3 and RL4 decreased significantly by 50.41%, 62.24% and 49.17%, respectively, and the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 in RL2 group increased significantly by 35.01% (p < 0.05). In summary, the addition of fermented SMPE to TMR can significantly improve the production performance, meat quality and rumen bacterial community diversity and abundance of Hu sheep.

Background: The high content of fiber and macromolecular substances in mushroom residue limits its utilization potential. After we fermented seafood mushroom residue with microorganisms, we found that its palatability and utilization have been greatly improved.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of feed containing fermented seafood mushroom residue on the growth performance and rumen microorganisms of goats. Methods: Forty-eight Jianyang big-ear goats with similar weight and good health were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 12 goats in each group. The control group (C) was fed a basic diet, and the experimental group 1 (L), 2 (M), and 3 (H) were fed diets supplemented with 20%, 30% and 40% fermented seafood mushroom residue. Results: Incorporating 20% fermented mushroom residue significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) and reduced feed to gain ratio (F/G). Incorporating 30% in the diet significantly increased both ADFI and F/G. Growth performance was reduced when greater than 30% fermented mushroom residue was added. The beta diversity of the rumen flora was significantly increased with the 20% fermented mushroom residue diet. The relative abundance of Veillonellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Prevotellaceae increased, and the KEGG pathways related to metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, lipid metabolism, and xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism were enhanced. Forty-nine KEGG pathways significantly associated with ADG were identified. Twenty-six pathways, including protein kinases, mineral absorption, propanoate metabolism, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, were positively correlated with ADG. The remaining pathways, including pathogenic Escherichia coli infection, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, shigellosis, and cyanoamino acid metabolism, were negatively correlated with ADG. Conclusions: These results show that adding 20% fermented seafood mushroom residue can improve the growth performance of goats and have a positive effect on goat rumen microorganisms.

以不同发育期的'桂葡6号'葡萄果实为试验材料,应用高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析不同架式下'桂葡6号'葡萄果皮中黄烷-3-醇组分特征.结果表明,在整个果实发育期,3种架式下的'桂葡6号'葡萄黄烷-3-醇组分中表棓儿茶素含量最高,表儿茶素和表儿茶素没食子酸酯次之,儿茶素含量最低.3种架式下的'桂葡6号'葡萄黄烷-3-醇总量及组分存在显著性差异.单臂篱架处理果皮中表儿茶素含量在采收期显著高于30°"V"形篱架和60°"V"形篱架处理,但表儿茶素没食子酸酯的含量和比例在采收期均显著低于其他两个"V"形架处理,30°"V"形架处理葡萄果皮中黄烷-3-醇总量和三羟基化黄烷醇的比例最高.从提升葡萄酒柔顺度和改善口感的角度考虑,生产上建议'桂葡6号'选择30°"V"形篱架的整形方式.

[目的]探究避雨栽培对葡萄酒花色苷组成及含量的影响,从而为提高“桂葡6号”葡萄酿酒品质提供理论依据.[方法]以广西特色酿酒品种“桂葡6号”为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术检测“桂葡6号”葡萄酒花色苷类物质的含量及比例随着瓶储期增加的变化,分析避雨栽培对花色苷含量及组成的影响.[结果]避雨栽培能显著提高“桂葡6号”’葡萄酒的花色苷总量、双糖苷含量及比例、甲基化含量及比例、花青素含量及比例,但对酰化及聚合物影响不大,对提升葡萄酒颜色的稳定性有积极作用.与露天栽培酒样相比,避雨栽培酒样红色调和黄色调更强,颜色更深;且随着瓶储期的增加,两种栽培酒样的花色苷总量显著降低,红色调及色度减弱,黄色调增强.[结论]避雨栽培能够提高“桂葡6号”葡萄酒颜色的稳定性,从而提升“桂葡6号”葡萄酒品质.

对筛选自我国广西毛葡萄产区的汉逊酵母属的Hanseniaspora thailandica(MSF1-4、MG4、MG6、MSF6-2)、伊萨酵母属的Issatchenkia terricola(MG3-1)、酿酒酵母属的Saccharomyas cerevisiae(MSF8-1)和毕赤酵母属的Pichia pastoris (MG1)共7株酵母酿造‘桂葡3号’干白葡萄酒,分析探讨其理化指标及挥发性香气物质,并以商业酵母K1发酵酒样为对照.结果 表明:7株菌发酵酒各理化指标均符合GB 15037-2006《葡萄酒》要求;共检测到68种香气物质,实验组香气总量均大于对照组K1;其中辛酸乙酯在乙酯类总含量中高达46.05％,而对照组K1中辛酸乙酯占乙酯总含量的7.12％;MG3-1、MG1、MSF6-2特征香气物质为乙酸苯乙酯、壬醛、4-萜烯醇、芳樟醇、1-辛醇、1-癸醇,MG6的特征香气物质为乙酸异戊酯、香茅醇,MSF8-1、K1、MG4特征香气物质为乙酸乙酯,MSF1-4的香气特征物质为玫瑰醚、月桂酸乙酯、辛酸、癸酸、癸酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸己酯、己酸乙酯、辛酸甲酯;其中K1、MG4发酵实验组香气特征最为接近,MG6、MSF1-4发酵实验组香气特征差异最大.上述结果分析得出7株野生酵母菌具有较强的产辛酸乙酯的能力,MG1、MSF1-4产香能力最好,适合进一步研究开发.

To fully utilize the characteristic climatic conditions in the southern region of China, a two-crop-a-year cultivation system technique for ‘Kyoho’ grape was developed during the past decade. After summer harvest in June, appropriate pruning and chemical treatments promote flowering and fruiting, which enables a second harvest in late December. Due to climatic differences between the two crop growing seasons, grape phenol and carotenoid metabolism differ greatly. The reported study analyzed the transcriptome of the carotenoid and phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathways in grapes at four different stages during the two growing seasons. Compared with those in summer grapes, expression levels of the majority of genes involved in the carotenoid metabolic pathway in winter grapes were generally upregulated. This result was associated with lower rainfall and much more abundant sunlight during the second growing season. On the other hand, summer cropping strongly triggered the expression of upstream genes in the phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathway at E-L 33 and E-L 35. Transcript levels of flavonoid 3’,5’-hydroxylase (F3’5’H), flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase (F3’H), flavonoid 3-hydroxylase (F3H) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were upregulated in winter grapes at the mature stage. Together, these results might indicate that more flavonoids would be synthesized in ripe winter grapes during the mature stage of the second crop under much drier conditions, longer sunlight hours and lower temperature. These data provide a theoretical foundation for the secondary metabolism of berries grown under two-crop-a-year cultivation systems.

[目的]初步分析广西特色酿酒葡萄品种‘桂葡6号’和‘凌丰’葡萄黄烷-3-醇组分特征,为今后系统开展特色酿酒品种酚类物质代谢相关研究奠定方法基础和提供理论参考.[方法]以不同发育期毛欧杂种‘凌丰’和野生资源选育的‘桂葡6号’葡萄为试验材料,利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术检测其果皮和种子中黄烷-3-醇类物质的含量,并与欧亚种‘赤霞珠’比较.[结果]浆果整个发育期中,‘桂葡6号’葡萄果皮中黄烷-3-醇总量显著高于‘赤霞珠’和‘凌丰’;浆果成熟期,‘桂葡6号’和‘赤霞珠’种子中黄烷-3-醇显著高于‘凌丰’;葡萄果皮和种子中黄烷-3-醇总量、儿茶素、表儿茶素、表桔儿茶素及表儿茶素没食子酸酯含量随发育期的变化趋势在不同品种间存在差异;果实成熟后期,‘凌丰’和‘桂葡6号’葡萄果皮中3'5'-羟基取代黄烷-3-醇比例高于‘赤霞珠’,而整个发育期‘桂葡6号’种子中3'5'-羟基取代黄烷-3-醇比例显著高于其它两个品种.[结论]野生资源选育的‘桂葡6号’果皮和种子中黄烷-3-醇含量和3'5'-羟基取代黄烷-3-醇的比例较高,说明‘桂葡6号’黄烷-3-醇酚类化合物含量丰富,在提高葡萄酒柔顺度和护色方面具有良好品质.

[Objective] To provide a basis for the selection,promotion,production and germplasm resource innovation of wine grape varieties in Guangxi,the resistance levels of powdery mildew between different varieties were studied.[Method] Using field natural identification,the resistances to powdery mildew of 17 wine grape varieties grown under rain-shelter cultivation system in Guangxi province were investigated and analyzed during serious disease period.[Result]All 9 Vitis vinifera wine grapes as well as'Vidal'and'Lingfeng'were susceptible to powdery mildew.Among them,'Chardonnay'and'Cabernet Sauvignon'were highly susceptible to disease;'Blanc du Bois','Yeniang No.2'and other four unknown species showed resistance to powdery mildew in which'Blanc du Bois' and'Guipu No.6'presented highly disease resistance.[Conclusion] There were variations of resistance among 9 Vitis vinifera wine grapes.Moreover,most of the disease-resistant varieties had consanguinities source from American or east Asian species group,which were important genetic resources for disease resistance.

In this study, the distribution of functional components in Vitis quinquangularis Rehd including resveratrol and piceid was explored. HPLC was applied to determine resveratrol and piceid content in Vitis quinquangularis Rehd skin, seed, juice, wine and skin residues. The results showed that, resveratrol and piceid existed in Vitis quinquangularis Rehd skin, seed, wine and skin residues, but not in grape juice;piceid content was higher than resveratrol content in the same part;and the content of resveratrol and picid was the highest in skin residues, which was of high value for industrialized extraction. This study provided theoretical base for comprehen-sive utilization of Vitis quinquangularis Rehd pomace.

By single factor and orthogonal experiments with the four factors (including ethanol concentration,solid-liquid ratio,reflux temperature and time),the extraction conditions of oleanolic acid from Vitis quinquangularis skin residues were optimized by solvent extraction method.The oleanolic acid crude extracts were obtained by extraction and purification of organic solvent.The functional activity of wine and brandy was enhanced by the oleanolic acid crude extracts.The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions of oleanolic acid were ethanol concentration 95％,solidliquid ratio 1:35 (g:ml),reflux temperature 65 ℃ and time 45 min.Under the optimum conditions,oleanolic acid content was up to 15.16 mg/g,after purification,the purity of the crude extracts was 23.95％.The extraction process optimization and utilization of oleanolic acid from V.quinquangularis skin residues were researched,which provided a new idea for the comprehensive utilization of wine-brewing skin residues.

The distribution of biologically-active component oleanolic acid in Guangxi V. quinquangularis Rehd was explored and the feasibility of extracting oleanolic acid from V. quinquangularis Rehd skin residues after wine making was discussed. V. quinquangula-ris Rehd and its skin residues were used as the experimental raw materials, and oleanolic acid content in V. quinquangularis Rehd skin, seed, juice, wine and skin residues was measured by HPLC. The results showed that, oleanolic acid was detected in fresh fruit skin and skin residues, but not in seed, juice and wine. As a conclusion, oleanolic acid naturally exists in V. quinquangularis Rehd skin and it could not dissolve in wine due to its water-insoluble property. The extraction of oleanolic acid from skin residues was feasi-ble and it was a new pathway for comprehensive utilization of grape pomace.