Background:This study aimed to develop and validate test-based physical literacy scales (PLSs) for primary school students across different grades. Methods:Data were collected through a field survey conducted from June 1 to July 31, 2022, involving 3,275 primary school students from four provinces in China. The questionnaires assessed four domains: physical knowledge, physical competence, physical motivation, and physical behavior. The Rasch model was employed for psychometric analysis. Results:The variance explained by measures for the PLSs was 53.1%, 50.3%, and 54.7%, all exceeding the 50% threshold, confirming unidimensionality and robust internal consistency. This enabled effective differentiation among students with varying proficiency levels. The item-person map demonstrated optimal alignment between item difficulty and participant ability levels. Most items showed favorable fit statistics, with Infit mean square (MNSQ) and Outfit MNSQ values ranging between 0.5 and 1.5. Conclusions:The PLSs demonstrate validity and reliability in measuring physical literacy among Chinese primary school students across four components: physical knowledge, physical competence, physical motivation, and physical behavior. The scales measure a unidimensional construct, supporting the use of summed total scores for assessment.

Background Falls among older adults will cause a heavy burden on society and families. The development of effective falls prevention intervention policies for community-dwelling older adults is an important initiative to address this global public health problem. Objective To analyze and compare the content composition, key initiatives and implementation strategies of current falls prevention intervention policies for community-dwelling older adults in different countries from the perspective of policy tools. Methods Six countries in Asia, North America, and Europe, including Japan, Singapore, Thailand, the United States, Germany, and Russia, were selected as sample countries according to the degree of population aging and economic income level. Refer to the websites of relevant government departments such as the Ministry of Health, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and directly affiliated institutions, as well as websites of nongovernmental organizations, such as Prevention of Falls Network Europe, National Council On Aging, U.S., Association of Fall Prevention, Japan, and National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Funds, Germany, the national policy documents of prevention interventions for community-dwelling older adults from January 2010 to June 2022 were searched by using "older adults" "fall/drop/accidental injuries" "prevention" as keywords. The text analysis was performed from the dimensions of policy tools such as demand-side type, supply-side type and environmental-side type, and injury prevention strategies such as education prevention strategies and evaluation strategies. Results Among the 24 policy documents, there were 212 coded targets in the dimension of policy tools, with environmental-side type, supply-side type and demand-side type policy tools accounting for 45.3% (96/212), 40.6% (86/212) and 14.1% (30/212), respectively. Among high-income countries, the public service tools under supply-side type policy tools were mostly applied in the United States and Germany, accounting for 40.5% (17/42) and 13.8% (8/58) ; the infrastructure construction tools under supply-side type policy tools were focused in Singapore〔24.1% (7/29) 〕. Among low and middle income countries, the environmental-side type policy tools were mostly applied in Russia and Thailand, accounting for 51.3% (20/39) and 55.6% (10/18), respectively. Public service was mostly applied among the supply-side type policy tools, accounting for 17.5% (37/212) ; technical standard was mostly applied among the environmental-side type policy tools, accounting for 10.8% (23/212) ; medicare payment was mostly applied among the demand-side type policy tools, accounting for 4.7% (10/212). In addition, there were 105 coded targets in the dimension of injury prevention strategies, with the education prevention strategies accounting for the highest proportion of 31.4% (33/105), the engineering strategy accounting for the lowest proportion of 5.7% (6/105). High-income countries are at the stage of multi-sectoral collaborative policy implementation, low and middle income countries are at the stage of policy implementation by the Ministry of Health stage. Conclusion Six countries focus on public service and infrastructure development under supply-side type policy tools; the application of demand-side type policy tools can be summarized as intervention services managed by medical insurance, intervention projects supported by financial funds, service purchases attracted by price subsidies, planning, organization, advocacy, and standard setting of environmental-side type policy tools. In combination with the priorities and specific measures of the six countries, it is suggested to learn from advanced experience in improving public services, strengthening evidence-based projects, standardizing technical standards, supporting financial incentives, expanding medical insurance programs, and providing price subsidies, thus further optimizing falls prevention intervention policies for community-dwelling older adults.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate temporal trends and regional differences of both falls and injurious falls among Chinese older adults and identify the associated risk factors. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis using the 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018 waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Our sample included 35 613 people aged 60 years or above. We analysed two binary outcome variables that were collected at each wave, including whether a respondent had any falls in the last 2 or 3 years, and if so, whether a respondent experienced any injurious falls that warranted seeking medical treatment. The explanatory variables included individual-level sociodemographic characteristics, physical function and health status. We conducted both descriptive and multivariate logistic analyses. ResultsWe found no significant trend for falls after adjusting for individual-level factors, while significant regional variations in falls existed with higher fall prevalence in the central and western areas, compared with the eastern area. We detected a significant descending trend of injurious falls between 2011 and 2018 and identified the northeastern region with the lowest rates of injurious falls during the study period. Our study also revealed significant risk factors for falls and injurious falls, such as chronic conditions and function limitations. ConclusionsOur results indicated no temporal trend of falls, a declined trend of injurious falls, and significant regional variations in the prevalence of falls and injurious falls in 2011-2018. These findings have important implications for prioritising areas and subpopulations to prevent falls and injuries among China's elderly population.

ObjectiveTo develop a nutrition health literacy questionnaire for pupils of different grades based on item response theory and to validate the questionnaire with the Rasch model. MethodsAn index system for evaluating nutrition health literacy among pupils was established through literature study on researches and reports published at home and aboard and expert consultation for the complication of nutrition health literacy questionnaires for pupils of grade 1 – 2, 3 – 4, and 5 – 6. The developed questionnaires were then assessed among 1 074, 1 045 and 553 pupils of the three grade groups recruited with stratified random cluster sampling at 8 elementary schools in Beijing municipality, Xining city of Qinghai province and Taiyuan city of Shanxi province during June – July 2021. Based on Rasch model, the questionnaires' item discrimination, item reliability and item fitting were validated with unidimensional test, Wright map and other indicators using Winsteps software. ResultsValid responses were collected from 1 066, 921 and 543 pupils of the three grade groups, with an overall efficient rate of 94.7%. The questionnaires for the three grade groups were all consistent with the one-dimensional hypothesis and most of the items of the questions were of high goodness of fit. For the questionnaire towards pupils of grade 1 – 2, 3 – 4, and 5 – 6, the item discrimination indexes were 9.57, 6.03, and 13.68; the item reliability indexes were 0.99, 0.97, and 0.99; and the difficulty indexes were 2.72, – 0.18, and – 0.42, respectively, indicating a higher difficulty of the questionnaire for pupils of grade 1 – 2 and a lower difficulty of questionnaires for pupils of grade 3 – 4 and 5 – 6. ConclusionThe developed nutrition health literacy questionnaire for pupils of different grades fits with the Rasch model well and is of good reliability and discriminability; the questionnaire could be used in relevant surveys in pupils.

Abstract Background: At this stage, Chinese research on physical activity literacy is still in its infancy, and the domestic primary school students' physical activity literacy assessment questionnaire is also in a state of development. In this study, a set of questionnaire scales for measuring the physical activity literacy of primary school students was compiled according to the characteristics of primary school students in different school stages, and the population measurement was carried out by using this scale, and then the accuracy of the scale and the fit according to the Rasch model were judged. Methods: We compiled a set of scales for measuring the physical activity literacy of primary school students, and directly distributed the questionnaires to primary school students in four regions of Hebei Province, Sichuan Province, Shenzhen City and Qinghai Province for actual measurement. We also used Rasch analysis to study the single-dimensionality, reliability, resolution and fitting degree of the questionnaire to judge the accuracy of the scale, aiming to provide a strong reference for the subsequent revision and wide application of the questionnaire. Results: The item reliability coefficient of all questionnaires was 1, and the item separation degree was 16.08, 16.71 and 18.18, respectively, all of which were greater than 3, indicating that the internal consistency of the questionnaire was better and the students with different ability levels could be better distinguished. The one-dimensional hypothesis of the three questionnaires holds. The project-person figure shows that the difficulty of the questionnaire items can be well matched with the subject's ability level. The average values of Infit MNSQ and Outfit MNSQ in the questionnaire were between 0.5-1.5, and the overall fit was good, and the data were in good agreement with the ideal model. In the fitting statistics of a single entry, it was found that the three grade levels generally showed poor fitting on the questions of whether they should continue to exercise after injury, whether it was appropriate to be sedentary and inactive, whether weather with severe air pollution was suitable for outdoor sports, and motivation for sports tests and motivation to like challenges. In subsequent modifications, we will delete and improve these questions or modify the statements of these questions to appropriately increase the difficulty of the questions. Conclusion: The one-dimensional test passed, reliable and internally consistent of the questionnaire was high, the difficulty of the item and the matching degree of population ability were high, and the questionnaire fit the model well. The questionnaire as a whole can form a questionnaire on sports health literacy of primary school students with good reliability and validity.

Objective:To summarize the progress and achievement of inpatient experience improvement in public hospitals in China from 2016 to 2021, so as to provide basis for further improving hospitalization experience and raising inpatient satisfaction.Methods:Based on the five Third-party Evaluations of China Healthcare Improvement Initiative from 2016 to 2021, descriptive trend analysis was conducted on inpatient process, cost and inpatient satisfaction, and the inpatient satisfaction in different regions and different types of institutions was compared.Results:The overall satisfaction of hospitalized patients in the fifth evaluation in 2021(98.5%)was higher than that in the first evaluation in 2016(96.2%). The western region and maternal and child institutions had the most obvious improvement in the comparison of regional and institutional types. The improvement of inpatients′ satisfaction with diet was not obvious. Inpatients were most dissatisfied with " high medical expenses" , " cumbersome procedures" and " long waiting time for bed" .Conclusions:From 2016 to 2021, the satisfaction of hospitalized patients has been consistently improved, but there is still room for improvement in non-medical services. Hospital meals for inpatient and relief of inpatient healthcare financial burden are the priorities for healthcare improvement and raising hospitalization satisfaction in the next stage.

Objective:To analyze the status quo, trend and influencing factors of patient satisfaction in tertiary maternity and child hospitals in China.Methods:Based on the survey results of five round third-party evaluations of the China Healthcare Improvement Initiative from 2016 to 2021, descriptive trend analysis was conducted on the satisfaction index in tertiary maternity and child hospitals, and the influencing factors of satisfaction were analyzed based on the results of the fifth evaluation.Results:Compared with the first round, the overall patient satisfaction in tertiary maternity and child hospitals in the fifth round was improved(inpatient: from 95.7% to 98.0%; outpatient: from 87.8% to 94.9%). Outpatient satisfaction varied significantly among gender, hospitals of different types, education level, types of treatment, medical insurance and doctors′ titles( P<0.05). Outpatient satisfaction in local hospitals was 1.502 times higher than that in hospitals under the National Health Commission. The satisfaction of referrals was 0.259 times lower than that of patients who were admitted directly. Inpatient satisfaction varied significantly among department, hospitals of different regions, household registration type and whether the admission was delayed due to the COVID-19 epidemic( P<0.05). The satisfaction of inpatients in medical ward and surgical ward was respectively 0.202 and 0.298 times lower than that of inpatients in pediatric ward. Inpatient satisfaction at the central regions was 3.311 times higher than that at the eastern regions. Conclusions:The overall patient satisfaction in tertiary maternity and child hospitals in China is improving. In the future, we should pay more attention to the hospital environment, humanistic care and other non-medical service dimensions with low satisfaction, so as to further improve the medical experience of patients in maternity and child hospitals.

Objective:To summarize the progress and achievement of outpatient experience improvement in tertiary public hospitals from 2016 to 2021, so as to provide basis for further improving outpatient experience and raising outpatient satisfaction.Methods:Based on 5 round third-party evaluations of the China Healthcare Improvement Initiative from 2016 to 2021, descriptive trend analysis was conducted on the outpatient process and outpatient satisfaction, and stratified analysis was conducted on patient satisfaction in different regions and different types of institutions.Results:One hundred and thirty-six core sample hospitals were included in the 5 round evaluation, and 30 153 valid questionnaires were collected in the fifth evaluation in 2021.From 2016 to 2021, the overall satisfaction of outpatients in the 5 round evaluations was 91.4%, 87.3%, 90.1%, 91.1% and 95.4%, respectively. The satisfaction of outpatients to the medical services continued to improve. Outpatient treatment process has been continuously optimized, appointment registration has become the most commonly used way of outpatient registration. The satisfaction of outpatients to the process and environment of treatment in the western region was significantly improved.Conclusions:From 2016 to 2021, the overall satisfaction of outpatients has been consistently improved. Informatization helps to optimize the treatment process, but it is recommended that hospitals should provide special support for elderly outpatients.

目的探究国内新护士的研究进展和研究热点,为新护士领域的进一步研究提供借鉴。方法检索2013-2018年中国知网、万方医学数据库、维普数据库以及中国生物医学文献数据库收录的以"新护士"为主题的相关论文,通过NoteExpress去除重复论文,采用书目共现分析系统Bicomb 2.0提取高频词,形成共词矩阵;采用SPSS 21.0统计软件进行聚类分析。结果共检出811篇文献,新护士相关研究文献热点主题可聚类为新护士培训、护理质量与安全以及新护士角色转变和职业发展等3个方面。结论我国新护士相关研究主要集中在新护士培训方面,但文献报道的培训模块、考核与评价等均存在较大差异;新护士的相关研究还应有更多的延展性,着眼于护理质量与安全的角色转变和职业发展是新护士研究中的新兴方向。

该文介绍了跨专业合作老年护理模式在加拿大Baycrest老年医学中心的应用,阐述了跨专业合作老年护理模式中护士的资质,分析了该模式的优势及现存问题,总结了跨专业合作老年护理模式对我国老年护理的启示,以期为我国跨专业合作老年护理模式的开展提供借鉴.