为有效解决当前烤烟专业化分级散叶收购存在的问题,贵州省烟草公司毕节市分公司优化了烟叶流程管理过程,探索分段管理专业化散叶收购模式,有效提高了烟农收入,减少烟农售烟等待时间,提高了收购烟叶的等级合格率,建立了一套烟叶流通过程中收购环节的产品质量追溯管理机制,为烟叶流通体制改革探索了一条新的路径.

为提高烟叶生产收购工作水平,提高烟叶质量,促进烟农持续增收,针对毕节市在烟叶生产过程中的问题,坚持以全面性、可量化、重要性为原则,构建更加完整的烟叶生产收购考核指标体系,并在全市范围内进行推广应用.实践结果表明烟叶生产收购考核指标体系的构建,对年度目标任务的完成起到了积极作用.

本研究通过田间试验评价烟草间作万寿菊对根结线虫的控制效果,与此同时对烟田土壤线虫进行采样、分离及鉴定,分析线虫的群落多样性,以期探究间作对土壤线虫群落的影响.结果 表明,烟草间作万寿菊对根结线虫病的防效仅为30.98％,显著低于1.8％阿维菌素处理.4种不同种植模式下(烟草间作万寿菊、1.8％阿维菌素处理、单种烟草空白对照以及单种万寿菊阳性对照)三个时期共分离到线虫6070条,隶属2纲6目18个属.通过分析发现种植前试验地各小区间土壤线虫多样性较一致,烟草生长期及采收期,不同种植模式下土壤中的线虫群落存在一定的差异,在多样性、均匀度、优势度及丰富度上都表现出一定的变化.

为探究新型杀线剂氟吡菌酰胺对烟草根结线虫病的防效及对烟株生长的影响,2019年研究组在黔西县林泉镇清塘村进行了田间试验,通过病情指数、防治效果以及农艺性状等指标综合评价41.7％氟吡菌酰胺悬浮剂不同用量对烟草根结线虫病的防效及烟株生长的影响.结果表明:使用41.7％氟吡菌酰胺悬浮剂0.05～0.07 mL/株,兑水500 mL后灌根,对烟草根结线虫病的防效为65.94％～68.27％,显著高于常规药剂(10％噻唑膦颗粒剂);该悬浮剂还能明显增强烟草成熟期株高、茎围、最大叶片长、宽、有效叶片数等农艺性状.

针对当前烟叶调拨质量控制环节入库验收主要采用"抽样检验"中存在的一些问题,贵州省毕节市烟区2020年在烟叶入库验收中采取了"逐包复检"检验模式,通过组建专业技能人才队伍、统一逐包复检作业模式、配套逐包复检作业设施、严格执行复检流程标准和全面实现信息反馈等5项具体措施,取得了烟叶商品质量明显提高,烟农种植积极性明显提升,市场订单稳中有增,经济、社会效率"三方"满意等明显成效,表明了逐包复检模式在烟叶入库验收中的应用能够有效提升入库烟叶的等级合格率,提高供应烟叶批次间的均匀性.

为有力推进纳雍县烟草可持续发展项目(STP)实施,促进该县烟草行业发展提供参考,介绍了纳雍县烟草可持续发展项目在烟叶管理领域、作物领域、环境领域和人领域的实施情况,并提出提高实施烟草可持续发展项目重要性认识、加大宣传培训和加强技术推广等改进建议.

对比分析了大方县烟叶散叶收购与常规收购模式对其质量的影响,结果表明,散叶收购能提高烟叶等级合格率,提升烟叶等级结构,降低烟叶造碎损失.并从不同收购站点和不同等级烟叶两个方面对散叶收购中烟叶的等级质量控制进行了分析,结果表明,人为分级因素对烟叶混部位比例影响较大,对散叶收购的质量控制重点应放在控制混低下次烟叶比例上,需重点管理的是X3F等级烟叶.最后从加大政策宣传力度和技术培训力度、加强散叶收购基础设施的建设和改造、大力发展专业化分级队伍等方面提出了提高大方县烟叶收购质量的有效手段.

In order to discuss the functional area layout and configuration of facilities and equipment in loose-leaf purchasing and improve the working efficiency of professional grading staff,the concrete requirements for functional area layout and configuration of facilities and equipment in loose-leaf purchasing model were proposed based on the status quo analysis of functional area layout and configuration of facilities and equipment in tobacco purchasing,and combining with the consideration of requirement in loose-leaf purchasing.This effort would provide theoretical support in extending specialized grading and loose-leaf purchasing model,rationally distributing the functional areas,optimizing the layout of each functional area and improve the facilities.

In order to explore the specialized grading and loose-leaf purchasing model(SGLP Model) in tobacco-grown mountain area,the analysis of traditional tobacco grading and purchasing model in Qianxi County had the characteristics of grading and bunching by tobacco grower,selling at the appointed time after pre-examination,new model for mountain tobacco grading and purchasing supported by tobacco station integration and tobacco workshop integration were put forward,which was named SGLP Model.Based on the principle of specialized grading,marketing operation and flow management,and sticking to modern tobacco agriculture as command,industrial demand was as carrier.After 3 years operation of SGLP model,the results showed that the cost of grading was decreased and efficiency of grading and purchasing was improved,and was beneficial for the tobacco company providing uniform service and realizing the intensive management.

In term of the problems exsiting in flue-cured tobacco purchasing and common practice of loose-leaf curing technology,the Integration Model of Loose-leaf Grading and Purchasing,was proposed and discussed in detail.By means of comparison with traditional approach in grade quality,fragmentized loss,and labour and cost saving,the results showed,through the application of integration model,the grade qualification rate increased by 5.67%,the fragmentized loss decreased by 1.11%,and labour and cost reduced by 2.33 h/50kg and 23.3 yuan/50kg,respectively.Meanwhile,some proposal and measures were presented which could make the integration model of loose-leaf grading and purchasing better.