Objective To explore the association between the ability to choose prepackaged foods with low salt/sugar/fat and the preference for front-of-pack labeling (FOP) among residents in six provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) across China and to provide evidences for the development of domestic FOP. Methods With multistage sampling and a self-designed questionnaire, 3 037 residents aged 18 – 70 years were recruited in six PLADs for a cross-sectional survey from July 2020 to March 2021. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted with SAS 9.4. ResultsComplete information were collected from 3 002 of the participants. Of the valid respondents, 54.6% (1 639), 55.3% (1 661), and 54.1% (1 624) reported being able to choose prepackaged foods with low salt, sugar, and fat and 35.4% (1 064) of the respondents considered that the FOP in the format of multiple traffic light (MTL) could help them select healthier food quickly. After adjusting for demographic confounders, the results of logistic regression analysis revealed that in comparison to the respondents with self-reported ability to choose prepackaged food with low salt/sugar/fat, the respondents having a little self-reported ability were more likely to believe the FOP in formats of health logos-smart choice, and nutri-score could help them select healthier food more quickly than the FOP in the format of guideline daily amount (GDA); the respondents having a little ability to choose prepackaged food with low salt or sugar were more likely to believe the FOP in the format of MTL could be more helpful in selecting healthy food than GDA of FOP and the respondents having a little ability to choose prepackaged food with low salt were more likely to believe the FOP in the format of warning labels could be more helpful; while, the respondents without the ability to choose prepackaged foods with low salt/sugar/fat were more likely to believe the FOP in format of smart choice could be more helpful. All the above results are of significance, with the odds ratios of greater than one (P < 0.05 for all). Conclusion In China, nearly a half of residents had a low ability to choose prepackaged foods with low salt/sugar/fat; the FOP format integrating summary indicators on the basis of MTL may hopefully play a role in improving the residents′ ability to choose healthier foods.

目的 了解凉山州艾滋病疫情重点县"三线一网底"艾滋病防治工作人员的能力建设现状和需求,为下一步开展能力建设活动提供依据.方法 对凉山州以及6个重点县的"三线一网底"艾滋病防治工作人员352人进行问卷调查.采用x2检验和Logistic回归进行能力建设活动急切程度的影响因素分析.结果 最近1年内,有224人(63.6％)参加过能力建设活动,参加能力建设活动的人员有207人(92.4％)认为能力建设活动对于提升工作业绩和个人发展有较大帮助;有276人(78.4％)表示对于能力建设活动的需求较为急切.能力建设活动的急切程度与人员类型、对能力建设活动作用的认可情况有关.编制内职工(OR=2.432,95％CI:1.419～4.167)、认为能力建设活动有较大帮助者(OR=2.356,95％CI:1.112～4.991)对能力建设活动的需求较为急切.结论 凉山州"三线一网底"艾滋病防治工作人员对能力建设活动的急切程度存在人群差异,建议以满足需求和强化创新为导向,改进现有能力建设活动.

ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between smoking and mortality among tuberculosis (TB) patients after successful treatment for providing evidences to TB control and prevention. MethodsDuring March – August 2010, we consecutively recruited 634 first diagnosed TB patients with successful treatment registered in two counties of Jiangxi province; a baseline questionnaire interview and a 7-year follow-up survey were conducted among all the patients. Cox proportional risk regression model was adopted to evaluate the correlation of smoking with mortality among the patients. ResultsTotally 59 deaths were observed among the patients by the end of follow up till August 30, 2018, with a mortality rate of 9.31%. The results of Cox regression analysis revealed following risk factors of mortality among the patients: being male (versus female: hazard risk [HR] = 2.474, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.166 – 5.247), sputum smear positive (versus negative: HR = 2.204, 95% CI: 1.316 – 3.689), and with a smoking history of more than 30 years (versus nonsmoking: HR = 1.829, 95% CI: 1.020 – 3.279 ). ConclusionSmoking could increase mortality risk among tuberculosis patients after successful treatment.

目的 描述2014年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)中60岁及以上老年人的健康促进生活方式现状,并提出健康促进策略.方法 选取2014年CLHLS中60岁及以上老年人作为研究对象.现在不吸烟、不过量饮酒、饮食习惯健康、经常锻炼身体4项因素中每符合一项计1分,4项合计即为健康生活方式得分.采用非条件Logistic回归或线性回归,描述各项生活方式因素和健康生活方式得分的分布情况.结果 现在不吸烟、不过量饮酒、饮食习惯健康、经常锻炼身体的比例依次为83.4％、93.5％、7.3％和26.7％％.全部研究对象的健康生活方式得分均值为(2.10±0.71)分,84.0％的研究对象同时具备2～3项健康生活方式因素,2.3％的研究对象4项生活方式因素均健康.女性、75～岁年龄组、受教育年限较长者、东部地区、与家人同住、城市地区人群的生活方式相对更健康.结论 老年人健康生活方式水平存在人群和地区差异,老年人健康促进工作需要政府、社会、社区、家庭和个人的共同努力.

目的 了解中国空巢老人机构养老意愿及其倾向、使能和需求影响因素,为空巢老人养老服务政策的制定提供参考依据.方法 利用2014年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)中2662名≥60岁空巢老人机构养老意愿的相关数据,基于安德森模型理论框架应用多因素非条件logistic回归模型分析影响中国空巢老人机构养老意愿的倾向、使能和需求因素.结果 2662名≥60岁中国空巢老人中,有机构养老意愿者的比例仅为1.7％.多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,倾向因素中,女性和在婚的空巢老人机构养老意愿较低;使能因素中,自评经济状况一般或富裕和社区提供医疗服务的空巢老人机构养老意愿较低;需求因素方面,自评健康状况好的空巢老人机构养老意愿较低.结论 中国空巢老人的机构养老意愿较低,性别、婚姻状况、自评经济状况、社区是否提供医疗服务和自评健康状况是影响我国空巢老人机构养老意愿的倾向、使能和需求因素.

目的 基于中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查2014年数据,本研究评估了我国老年人吸烟行为的影响因素,并讨论可能的健康教育干预策略.方法 采用面对面访谈入户调查的方式,以调查问卷方式收集来自我国22个省份老年人信息.通过二分类变量的Logistic回归进行单因素和多因素的分析,评估老年人吸烟行为的影响因素.结果 调查显示,男性缺乏吸烟危害认知(OR=1.34;95％CI:1.07～1.67)、规律饮酒(OR=2.10;95％CI:1.69～2.60)、缺乏体育锻炼(OR=1.40;95％CI:1.13～1.73)、自我感觉健康状态良好(OR=1.94;95％CI:1.80～2.10)、感觉孤独(OR=1.28;95％CI:1.01～1.64)和单独居住(OR=2.07;95％CI:1.05～2.10)与吸烟行为正相关;本研究发现,女性饮酒和吸烟行为相关且非常显著(OR=3.05;95％CI:1.60～5.82).结论 本研究发现心理和行为生活方式与老年人吸烟行为高度相关,提示了有针对性的心理干预和行为干预的必要性.