Adaptive Loop Filter (ALF) is a new in-loop filter techniques introduced in the Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard. It aims at boosting the reconstructed video quality based on Wiener-based filtering approach. Despite of its superior coding performance, the abundant information generated from the compression process has not been fully explored in the ALF. To achieve better texture restoration, this paper proposes an enhanced in-loop filtering scheme by utilizing the reconstructed residuals at the ALF stage. Subsequently, both the reconstructed samples and residuals are deployed as the guidance of the luma filtering. Objective compression results on top of the Enhanced Compression Model (ECM) are provided to demonstrate the coding efficiency benefits of proposed algorithm with negligible encoding/decoding complexity impacts.

Transparent materials are widely used in industrial applications, such as construction, transportation, and optics. However, the complex optical properties of these materials make it difficult to achieve precise surface form measurements, especially for bulk surface form inspection in industrial environments. Traditional structured light-based measurement methods often struggle with suboptimal signal-to-noise ratios, making them ineffective. Currently, there is a lack of efficient techniques for real-time inspection of such components. This paper proposes a single-frame measurement technique based on deflectometry for large-size transparent surfaces. It utilizes the reflective characteristics of the measured surface, making it independent of the surface’s diffuse reflection properties. This fundamentally solves the issues associated with signal-to-noise ratios. By discretizing the phase map, it separates the multiple surface reflection characteristics of transparent devices, enabling transparent device measurement. To meet the requirements of industrial dynamic measurement, this technique only needs a simple and low-cost system structure, which contains just two cameras for image capture. It does not require phase shifting to complete the measurement, making it independent of the screen and having the potential for larger surface measurement. The proposed method was used to measure a 400mm aperture automobile glass, and the results showed that it is able to achieve a measurement accuracy on the order of 10 μm. The method proposed in this paper overcomes the influence of surface reflection on transparent objects and significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of large-sized transparent surface measurements by using a single-frame image measurement. Moreover, this method shows promise for broader applications, including measurements of lenses and HUD (Heads-Up Display) components, showcasing significant potential for industrial applications.

In Versatile Video Coding (VVC), Cross-component Linear Model (CCLM) predicts chroma samples by assuming a linear relationship between luma and chroma components. In performing CCLM for video in YUV 4:2:0 chroma format, collocated luma samples are firstly downsampled by a low-pass filter to match luma resolution with chroma, and one linear model of luma-chroma sample pairs is applied on the reconstructed luma samples to generate the predicted chroma samples. However, the low-pass downsampling procedure ignores relative spatial variations among luma samples in proximity, such as edge and gradient information. To solve this issue, a new coding technique, namely gradient linear model (GLM), is proposed for further compression efficiency exploration beyond VVC. Instead of using a low-pass filter in CCLM, the GLM utilizes high-pass gradient filters to generate the downsampled luma values. In this paper, two GLM schemes are provided with different trade-offs between coding gain and complexity, including: 1) a 2-parameter scheme that shares the CCLM module framework but replaces the downsampling filter with high-pass gradient filters; 2) a 3-parameter scheme that further combines the luma gradients with the low-pass downsampled luma values. Based on the enhanced compression model (ECM-5.0) software from the joint video experts team (JVET), simulation results show that the 2-parameter GLM achieves average Bjontegaard delta-rate (BD-rate) savings of {1.01%, 1.66%, 1.81%} and {0.69%, 0.95%, 1.12%} for {Y, U, V} components under the All Intra and Random Access configurations, respectively, and the 3-parameter GLM provides {1.28%, 3.23%, 3.28%} and {0.92%, 2.19%, 2.26%} BD-rate savings for {Y, U, V} components under the All Intra and Random Access configurations, respectively. Both of the proposed GLM schemes have been adopted to the ECM software platform.

Fringe projection is widely recognized as a prominent technique for 3D measurement, owing to its non-contact nature, high precision, and exceptional spatial resolution. However, it faces challenges in achieving a delicate equilibrium between speed and accuracy, conducting measurements on intricate optical surfaces, and capturing objects requiring a high dynamic range. Deep learning, with its robust capacity to comprehensively learn and automatically extract features, holds great promise in effectively addressing the challenges encountered in fringe projection. This article offers a comprehensive analysis, discussion, and summary of the historical development, current state, and emerging trends in the applications of deep learning in fringe projection. It covers various applications, network structures, datasets, challenges, and potential future directions of utilizing deep learning in fringe projection. The aim of this paper is to provide researchers in this field with a comprehensive understanding of the latest advancements, research trends, and practical applications of this technology, thus fostering its further development and application.

The adoption of three-dimensional (3D) measurement technology for parts surface defect detection can improve inspection reliability. For online inspection purposes, 3D measurement technologies must possess the characteristics of high speed and high efficiency. The photometric stereo method is a potential 3D measurement method with high speed and low cost. However, the traditional photometric stereo method is unsuitable for dynamic scenes due to its initial design for static scenes. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic photometric stereo method based on an image registration method. To achieve fast speed and high efficiency, we reduce the computational cost by automatically generating regions of interest (ROI). Additionally, we innovatively map the depth information (the surface normal vectors) to a mean curvature map of the surface and use it to detect defects, which combines the robustness of 3D methods and the fast speed of 2D methods. We designed experiments and the results showed that our method can detect defects on the surfaces of aluminum alloy castings accurately and robustly in an online manner. This paper also aims to reveal the importance of utilizing multidimensional information in high-speed online inspections.

Early eye examination based on fundus images effectively prevents visual impairment caused by retinopathy. The laborious and error-prone process of interpreting fundus images and the lack of ophthalmologists have driven research toward automated retinopathy diagnosis. However, most previous studies have focused on single-modality fundus images, disregarding the integration of information from multiple views, rendering the results unsatisfactory and inconsistent with clinical practice due to the incomprehensive lesion features and incomplete fundus fields. To address this issue, we introduce multi-modality and multi-view fundus images into the automated retinopathy diagnosis pipeline. In contrast to single fundus images, sequential relationships in multi-modality and multi-view fundus images contain essential long-range dependency information, which is vital for retinopathy diagnosis. Inspired by the recent success of transformers for excavating long-range dependencies in sequence data, in this paper, we propose a transformer-based automated retinopathy diagnosis framework for pathology classification and symptom report generation by integrating multi-modality and multi-view fundus images. Specifically, we present two transformer-based networks to construct long-range dependencies in different fundus images. Moreover, we adopt two novel modules to aggregate features of different modalities and views by modeling long-range dependencies among different fundus image sequences. Experiments are conducted on two in-house datasets, in which each subject provides one color fundus photography image and four-view fundus fluorescein angiography images. The experimental results of retinopathy classification and report generation tasks indicate that our proposed method is superior to other benchmarking methods, achieving a classification accuracy of 85.49% and a report generation BlEU-1 of 0.422.

Objective To investigate the quality of life and its influencing factors among HIV-infected college students among men who have sex with men（MSM）, so as to provide the evidence for improving the quality of life among HIVinfected MSM college students. Methods HIV-infected MSM college students were sampled from those with follow-up management by Shaanxi, Chongqing and Guangdong Centers for Disease Control and Prevention using a convenience sampling method, and participants’ demographics, AIDS-related knowledge, attitude and practice were collected using questionnaire surveys. The scores for physical, psychological, social and environmental domains, and the overall quality of life were measured using the Chinese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief（WHOQOLBREF）, and their influencing factors were identified using a multivariable linear regression model. Results Totally 182HIV-infected MSM college students were enrolled, including 39 students from Shaanxi Province, 48 students from Chongqing Municipality and 95 students from Guangdong Province. The participants had a median age of 21 years（interquartile range, 3 years）, and included 128 students with a degree of bachelor and above（70.33%）. The score for the overall quality of life score was（15.54±2.61） points, and the scores for physical, psychological, social and environmental domains were（14.53±2.28）,（14.26±2.51）,（14.14±2.56） points and（14.51±2.15） points, respectively. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that awareness of AIDS-related knowledge affected the overall quality of life（β’=0.175）, educational level（β’=0.188） and number of male sexual partners in the past six months（β’=-0.161） affected the quality of life in the physiological domain, attitudes towards commercial sexual behaviors between men and men affected the quality of life in the psychological domain（β’=0.149）, and the study area（Shaanxi: β’=-0.211; Chongqing: β’=-0.150） and awareness of AIDS-related knowledge（β’=0.197） affected the quality of life in the environmental domain. Conclusions The overall quality of life is high among HIV-infected MSM college students. Area, educational level, awareness of AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes towards commercial sexual behaviors between men and men and number of male sexual partners are main factors affecting the quality of life among HIV-infected MSM college students.

This paper proposes a three-dimensional measurement method for small parts with large height and complex reflection characteristics based on microscopic fringe projection measurement technology. A composite microscopic system characterization model based on the traditional camera imaging model and the polynomial fitting model is proposed for the calibration of the measurement system, which is used to solve the complex problem of the microscopic imaging optical path and improve the measurement accuracy of the system. An adaptive multiple exposure measurement method is proposed. And the method solves the problems of overexposure and darkness caused by the optical properties of the micro-structure and the environment. The small depth of field limitation problem of traditional micro measurement technology is solved by the micro-imaging technology of super depth of field. Experiments with a prototype demonstrate the validation and accuracy of the proposed algorithm and system configuration. The root mean square of the reconstruction errors is less than $$0.2\,\mu \hbox {m}$$ with a field of view of 2.4 mm $$\times $$ 3.2 mm and a measurement height of 600  $$\mu $$ m.

目的 了解凉山州艾滋病疫情重点县"三线一网底"艾滋病防治工作人员的能力建设现状和需求,为下一步开展能力建设活动提供依据.方法 对凉山州以及6个重点县的"三线一网底"艾滋病防治工作人员352人进行问卷调查.采用x2检验和Logistic回归进行能力建设活动急切程度的影响因素分析.结果 最近1年内,有224人(63.6％)参加过能力建设活动,参加能力建设活动的人员有207人(92.4％)认为能力建设活动对于提升工作业绩和个人发展有较大帮助;有276人(78.4％)表示对于能力建设活动的需求较为急切.能力建设活动的急切程度与人员类型、对能力建设活动作用的认可情况有关.编制内职工(OR=2.432,95％CI:1.419～4.167)、认为能力建设活动有较大帮助者(OR=2.356,95％CI:1.112～4.991)对能力建设活动的需求较为急切.结论 凉山州"三线一网底"艾滋病防治工作人员对能力建设活动的急切程度存在人群差异,建议以满足需求和强化创新为导向,改进现有能力建设活动.

ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between smoking and mortality among tuberculosis (TB) patients after successful treatment for providing evidences to TB control and prevention. MethodsDuring March – August 2010, we consecutively recruited 634 first diagnosed TB patients with successful treatment registered in two counties of Jiangxi province; a baseline questionnaire interview and a 7-year follow-up survey were conducted among all the patients. Cox proportional risk regression model was adopted to evaluate the correlation of smoking with mortality among the patients. ResultsTotally 59 deaths were observed among the patients by the end of follow up till August 30, 2018, with a mortality rate of 9.31%. The results of Cox regression analysis revealed following risk factors of mortality among the patients: being male (versus female: hazard risk [HR] = 2.474, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.166 – 5.247), sputum smear positive (versus negative: HR = 2.204, 95% CI: 1.316 – 3.689), and with a smoking history of more than 30 years (versus nonsmoking: HR = 1.829, 95% CI: 1.020 – 3.279 ). ConclusionSmoking could increase mortality risk among tuberculosis patients after successful treatment.

Annular inner wall widely exists in industrial parts, however, because of the limitation of internal narrow space and 360-degree panoramic inspection requirements, the detection of such structures is always difficult. Cata-dioptric imaging is an effective and rapid detection method for inner wall detection. However, serious distortion always exists due to the alignment deviation and the pose deviation of the structure to be measured, which limits the application of this method. In this paper, firstly, we analyze the main causes and laws of distortion from the perspective of simulation, secondly, based on the simulation result, methods of eliminating distortion are pro-posed and verified based on the simulation data. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method through experiments, based on the experiments, it is proved that the proposed method can solve the limitations of the measurement for catadioptric imaging, and the proposed method can correct distortion to pixel level.

Objective: To develop a suitable scale for assessing the public health safety literacy in residents in China. Methods: The initial scale of Chinese public health safety literacy was developed through theoretical conceptualization, item pooling, field verifying and item inclusion and exclusion. Then the initial scale was converted into an electronic questionnaire. A total of 2 809 residents from 4 provinces were randomly selected for field testing. Classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT) were used for item reduction. SPSS 23.0 was used for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and unidimensional testing. Package R 4.1.1 ltm and mirt were used for the analysis of the psychometric properties of items and generate the ICC, IIC and TIF. Results: The initial scale had 30 items (B1-B30), and the test took 9.8 s to complete one item averagely. According to the CTT, B2 was deleted due to coefficient of total correlation (CITC) <0.3 and the item-dimension correlation coefficient (IDCC) <0.4. B23 was deleted due to CITC<0.3, IDCC<0.4 and difficulty index (W) <0.2. B30 was deleted due to CITC<0.3 and W<0.2. The total Cronbach's α of the scale was 0.923 after deletion. EFA indicated that 14 items should be deleted due to lower factor loadings <0.7. EFA was conducted for remaining 13 items and 2 common factors were extracted, the factor loadings of all items were >0.7, the accumulated variance contribution of the 2 common factors was 63.361%, and the total Cronbach's α was 0.891, showing unidimensionality, IRT was used to test the remaining items. B14 and B20 were deleted due to discrimination coefficient (a) <0.3, difficulty threshold coefficient (b) ∉[-3,3], the small amount of information and the flat, crowded, non-monotonic ICC, and IIC. Finally, the Cronbach's α of the 11-itemed scale was 0.936 with TLI=0.97, CFI=0.99, and RMSEA=0.03. Conclusion: The final scale has good reliability, validity, discrimination, difficulty level and feasibility, and can be applied for the rapid assessment of public health safety literacy in China.

Ultra-precision machining is a class of feasible and efficient technology to generate high-precision optical surfaces. However, the machining tool mark is a significant fact that leads to unwanted diffraction, which will seriously affect the optical performance. In this paper, the relationship between optical performance and tool marks is systematically studied. The results show that the effect of tool marks depends on the ratio of tool feed f and tool nose radius R. Moreover, the effect of tool marks is more severe in the optical system with two mirrors because of superposition. It is proposed that a decreasing ratio of f to R and changing the angle of tool marks between two optical elements can assist to improve the optical performance of the system. Hence, this study provides theoretical guidance to reduce the impact of tool marks and improve the optical performance of the system.

目的 描述2014年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)中60岁及以上老年人的健康促进生活方式现状,并提出健康促进策略.方法 选取2014年CLHLS中60岁及以上老年人作为研究对象.现在不吸烟、不过量饮酒、饮食习惯健康、经常锻炼身体4项因素中每符合一项计1分,4项合计即为健康生活方式得分.采用非条件Logistic回归或线性回归,描述各项生活方式因素和健康生活方式得分的分布情况.结果 现在不吸烟、不过量饮酒、饮食习惯健康、经常锻炼身体的比例依次为83.4％、93.5％、7.3％和26.7％％.全部研究对象的健康生活方式得分均值为(2.10±0.71)分,84.0％的研究对象同时具备2～3项健康生活方式因素,2.3％的研究对象4项生活方式因素均健康.女性、75～岁年龄组、受教育年限较长者、东部地区、与家人同住、城市地区人群的生活方式相对更健康.结论 老年人健康生活方式水平存在人群和地区差异,老年人健康促进工作需要政府、社会、社区、家庭和个人的共同努力.

This paper presents a new calibration method of line scan camera model based on cross-ratio invariance using a calibration pattern on the top of the gauge block. Instead of using the 3D pattern, planner pattern with precise motion platform, or pre-calibrated matrix camera, only a planner pattern with gauge blocks is used in this new method. A group of data on the line scan camera projection plane is obtained by placing the planner pattern at a different height. Line scan camera parameters were calibrated through a derived mathematical model. This method is simple, inexpensive and easy to use. The experimental results demonstrated that the average reprojection error of this method is 0.0431, which is 62.2% lower than the traditional method, which proves the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.

ObjectiveTo explore the status and influencing factors of public health safety literacy (PHSL) among residents in four provinces of China for providing references to the development of appropriate intervention strategies. MethodsWe recruited 2 809 urban and rural residents aged 15 – 69 years in three provinces (Hubei, Guangdong and Sichuan) and Beijing municipality using stratified multistage cluster sampling and conducted an on-site self-administered electronic questionnaire survey among the residents during April – June, 2021. A scale with three domains (each with a maximum score of 40) was designed to assess the PHSL of the residents. T-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and χ2 test were adopted in univariate analysis and logistic regression in multivariate analysis. Results For all the participants, the mean overall PHSL score was 81.61 ± 13.71 and the mean domain scores were 29.21 ± 5.89 for PHS perception, 25.10 ± 5.10 for PHS knowledge, and 27.30 ± 4.87 for PHS skills. There were 80.85% of the participants being assessed with basic PHSL (with the overall scale score of ≥ 72) and there were 86.69%, 61.05%, and 78.96% of the participants being assessed with basic PHS perception, knowledge, and skills (with the domain scores of ≥ 24); also based on the scale of overall score of ≥ 96 and domain scores of ≥ 32, the proportion of the participants with good PHSL was 15.70% and the proportions of participants with good PHS perception, knowledge and skills were 35.32%, 14.03% and 20.15%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that PHSL was associated with residential region, sex, education and household income. The participants residing in Hubei, Sichuan, and Guangdong province were less likely to have basic/good PHSL, with the odds ratios (OR) of 0.485/0.422, 0.488/0.699, and 0.389/0.566 in contrast to those residing in Beijing municipality. The participants being female (versus male: OR = 1.336/1.283), with the education of higher than primary school education or below (junior high school: OR = 1.786/1.205; senior high or vocational or technical secondary school: OR = 2.204/2.013; college and above: OR = 2.932/3.710), with the annual household income of more than 30 000 RMB yuan (30 000 – 60 000: OR = 1.660/1.648; ≥ 120 000: OR = 1.865/2.145) were more likely to have basic/good PHSL. ConclusionFor 15 – 69 years old residents in four provincial administrative regions of China, the PHSL still needs to be improved and the residents′ PHSL is influenced mainly by gender, education, annual household income and residential region.

Phase measurement deflectometry (PMD) is an excellent method for high-precision optical surface measurement; through the simple system structure, accuracy comparable to that of interference methods can be realized. The key of PMD is to solve the ambiguity between the surface shape and normal vector. Considering all kinds of methods, the binocular PMD method is undoubtedly a method with a very simple system structure and can be easily applied to complex surfaces, such as free-form surfaces. However, this method relies on a large screen with high accuracy, which not only increases the weight of the system, but also reduces the flexibility of the system, and manufacturing errors in the large-size screen can easily become error sources. In this Letter, we have made some improvements based on the traditional binocular PMD. At first, we try to replace the large screen with two small screens to increase the flexibility and accuracy of the system. Further, we replace one small screen with a single point to simplify the system structure. Experiments show that the proposed methods not only improve the system flexibility and reduce the complexity, but can also achieve high measurement accuracy.

目的 分析"中国公众公共卫生安全素养自制量表"的项目功能差异(DIF),检验量表题项质量,为开发公共卫生安全素养(PHSL)调查工具提供依据.方法 通过经典测试理论和项目反应理论相结合的方法编制了单维的中国公众公共卫生安全素养量表.使用自制的初始量表(30个题项),于2021年4—6月随机抽取湖北、广东、北京和四川省的2809名常住居民进行调查.利用SPSS 23.0进行PHSL得分分析,两组间比较采用t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析.利用R4.1.2软件mirt和scDIF test包对量表题项进行不同人口学特征的DIF检验.结果 调查对象PHSL的平均得分为(34.44±7.59)(满分44分).不同性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、地区、城乡、家庭年均总收入的公众PHSL得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001).其中,女性高于男性,文化程度较高人群高于较低人群,农民低于其他职业人群,湖北地区高于其他地区,城镇居民高于农村居民.所有题项均不存在性别、收入和城乡的DIF(P>0.05);8个题项存在年龄的DIF(P<0.05);8个题项存在文化程度的DIF(P<0.05);6个题项存在职业的DIF(P<0.05);4个题项存在地区的DIF(P<0.05).结论 中国公众公共卫生安全素养自制量表题项稳定性较好,适合推广使用.

Small diameter inner wall surface reflective linear bearing sleeve, in the manufacturing, transportation, and other processes. The inner wall surface will inevitably produce minor height difference surface defects, resulting in gaps or wear problems in the use of products, affecting the overall life of the equipment and even causing a significant security risk. However, auto-detection is challenging to achieve because of the small space during the inspection and comprehensive inspection requirements. At the same time, it is required to have high accuracy and fast efficiency during the inspection, etc., to avoid causing the increase of the industrial production cycle and limit the yield. Based on the physical characteristics of the light reflection on the inner wall surface of such parts, this paper proposes a high-dynamic online detection method for small-diameter internal wall surface defects. The reflective fringes are used to enhance and magnify the minor surface defects of the inner wall, and the new spiral fringes are derived by modelling and simulation. The practical reflection of the characteristics of micron defects on the reflective inner wall is realized through the establishment of a mechanical inspection environment, and the use of image processing technology, online rapid and comprehensive detection of micron defects is achieved. Application and production in the actual industrial environment are realized, and the online high precision detection of defects of phi 22mm is realized. Experiments prove that the method can detect bulges with only a height of 5 mu m, and the detection accuracy rate can reach 99.31%.

The defects on the surface of a gearbox cover can affect its high performance and high air-tightness. To ensure its high functionality, it's necessary to detect the surface defects. The photometric stereo (PS) method is widely applied to defect detection in the industry for its high accuracy and high speed. However, the traditional PS simply applies to static scenes. To solve this problem, we proposed an improved photometric stereo method that can detect defects in dynamic scenes with high speed and high accuracy. Experiments are designed to verify the feasibility of our method and the results showed that our method performs well with objects with complex shapes.