Zinc metal has attracted significant attention as a potential anode material for organic zinc-ion batteries, mainly owing to its high theoretical capacity and favorable redox potential. However, the practical use of zinc metal anodes is limited by challenges such as uncontrolled dendrite formation and undesirable side reactions. Herein, a novel and conjugated microporous polymer (PCMP) is designed and introduce as an effective protective barrier for zinc anodes to inhibit dendrite growth by promoting uniform and directional deposition of zinc metal. The PCMP polymer coating exhibits a hierarchical porous structure, which can provide a uniform and efficient ion transport pathway for Zn2+, ensuring long-term cycling stability and durability of the zinc anode. Moreover, the it-conjugated system within the PCMP framework facilitates electron cloud delocalization and interacts with Zn2+, promoting its adsorption on the surface and providing nucleation sites for uniform zinc deposition. Consequently, the PCMP@Zn anode exhibits uniform Zn plating/stripping behavior, with its symmetric battery maintaining stable cycling for over 5000 hours at 1 mA cm- 2 and 0.5 mAh cm- 2. Even at high current densities of 10 mA mA cm- 2 with an aerial capacity of 10 mA mAh cm- 2, the PCMP@Zn||PCMP@Zn retains remarkable durability for 2000 hours. More impressively, the corresponding PCMP@Zn||NVO battery demonstrates an exceptional specific capacity of 142 mAh g- 1 after 1400 cycles at a current density of 2 A g- 1, further underscoring the practical potential of PCMP@Zn.

It remains a great challenge to improve the low-temperature SO2 resistance of catalysts applied for selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3-SCR). This work develops an outstanding SO2-tolerant Fe-Ti (FT) catalyst by W/SO42- co-modification via a sol-gel method using Fe(NO3)(3)9H(2)O, tetrabutyl titanate, ammonium tungstate and thiourea as raw materials. The physicochemical characterizations, in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were combined to reveal the underlying mechanisms. Although W doping can effectively enhance the surface acidity, NH3 adsorption on Lewis acid sites can still be restrained by competitive adsorption of SO2, whereas SO42- modification can enhance the adsorption stability of NH3 without being affected by SO2. Simultaneously, the NO adsorption ability on Fe sites can be significantly enhanced by W/SO42- co-modification. Furthermore, the W doping or SO42- modification can induce conversion of Fe3+ to Fe2+ to affect the redox property of Fe species. A proper amount of Fe2+ suppressed the oxidizability of FT catalyst to inhibit NH3 overoxidation to enhance N-2 selectivity, and created more oxygen vacancies to generate larger amount of chemisorbed oxygen to facilitate NH3 dehydrogenation and NO oxidation. More importantly, the inhibition effect of SO2 adsorption on Fe sites was strengthened by W/SO42- co-modification. Consequently, the W/SO42- co-modified FT catalyst exhibited high activity with >90 % of NO conversion and >95 % of N-2 selectivity within a broad window of 275-450 degrees C and possessed superior SO2 + H2O tolerance at 275 degrees C.

Rational design of non-noble electrocatalysts with high performance for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) still remains a challenge. In this study, a ZIF-derived electrocatalyst (Co@Fe-P) with a core-shell structure is designed by using Co-compounds as the core and decorated Fe-compounds as the shell. The inner Co-core and outer Fe-shell are connected through Co & horbar;O & horbar;Fe and Fe & horbar;O & horbar;P linkage. The Co@Fe-P electrocatalyst exhibits an enhanced performance for OER with a low overpotential (280 mV), low Tafel slope (41.9 mV dec-1) at 10 mA cm-2, and a 60-h durability. The electron transfer from the CoOOH-core to the FeOOH-shell is greatly facilitated, which improves the OER activity of Co@Fe-P kinetically. Theoretical calculations indicate that the interaction of Co & horbar;O & horbar;Fe and Fe & horbar;O & horbar;P in Co@Fe-P reduces the overlap between the O 2p and Fe 3d orbitals, which greatly facilitates the transformation from *OH to *O during the OER process via the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) pathway. This finding provides insight for the design of efficient electrocatalysts for OER.

CO2 hydrogenation is an effective strategy to achieve CO2 resource utilization. However, effective regulation of C-O bond activation and product distribution to tune the selectivity remains a challenge. Herein, we report that Na-doped NiLa(BDC) catalysts can effectively modulate the product distribution via frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) in CO2 hydrogenation. Na as an electronic promoter induced the formation of nickel oxide hydroxides (Ni3O2(OH)4) and oxygen vacancies (Ov). The Lewis acidic Ov sites on the support and Lewis basic Ni delta+ sites on the Ni3O2(OH)4 can constitute the Ov-Ni delta+ FLPs, which were critical active sites for CO2 activation. The NiLa (BDC) catalyst exhibited CH4 selectivity higher than 89.1 %, while the introduction of Na promoter attained a Na15-NiLa(BDC) catalyst with CO selectivity higher than 79.5 %. Further experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that the Ov-Ni delta+ FLPs on Na-doped NiLa(BDC) catalysts can weaken CO adsorption and H2 dissociation, modulating reaction routes and thus tuning the selectivity. This study provides guidance for rationally regulating the product distribution in CO2 hydrogenation.

Boosting CO2-to-CO selectivity is still a fundamental challenge for Ni-based catalysts. Herein, Ni-BTC was employed as the precursor to derive a novel Ni/BTC catalyst for selective CO2 hydrogenation. In contrast to the traditional Ni-based catalysts exhibiting high CH4 selectivity, the Ni/BTC catalyst possessed unusually high CO selectivity (> 82.4 %). Structural characterizations reveal a unique architecture of the Ni/BTC catalyst, wherein a carbon layer enwrapped the Ni particles and abundant NiCx particles dispersed on this carbon layer. Mechanism studies identify the decisive role of NiCx species in selectivity modulation. The weakened CO adsorption and H-2 dissociation abilities on the NiCx surface promoted CO desorption and suppressed further hydrogenation, leading to high CO selectivity on the Ni/BTC catalyst. This work fabricated a novel Ni-based catalyst with high CO2-to-CO selectivity and shed new light on the structure-selectivity relationships in CO2 hydrogenation.

Rationally regulating the inevitable dynamic evolution of the catalyst surface structure towards high efficiency for water electrolysis remains a significant challenge. Here, the ternary cobalt-iron-chromium double hydroxide (DH) was synthesized on nickel foam as a monolithic catalytic electrode (CoFeCr-DH/NF) for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) via a simple electrodeposition technique. The optimized Co0.7Fe0.3Cr-DH/NF electrode exhibited remarkable catalytic activity and stability. The overpotential at the current density of 100 mA cm-2 is only 281 mV, far exceeding those of other monolithic catalytic electrodes. Furthermore, we elucidated the variations in the valence states of metals during the OER process and found the electrochemical oxidation of Co2+ to Co3+ and leaching of Cr. Importantly, Cr-leaching can induce surface reconstruction, which not only optimizes the surface electronic structure to enhance the intrinsic activity but also increases the surface irregularity to enlarge the electrochemically active surface area, thereby significantly improving the OER performance. Theoretical calculations revealed that OER preferentially occurred at the adjacent Cr-leached Co sites and confirmed that the Cr-leached trimetallic CoFeCr-DH performs an outstanding OER performance. (c) 2025 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science & Technology.

Compared to gas sensors based on single metal oxide, gas sensors based on binary metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) offer a rich variety of structural types and hold great potential for excellent selectivity. Inspired by this, we synthesized BiVO4 powder through a stepwise reaction combining calcination with hydrothermal bath and investigated the influence of different calcination temperatures on its gas sensitivity performance. Our study revealed that BiVO4-600 exhibited optimal TEA gas sensing behavior at 225 oC, showing high response values (Ra/Rg=43.4) and fast response/recovery times (15 s/52 s). Additionally, the sensor displayed high stability, repeatability, and exceptional selectivity. Preliminary research indicates that calcination temperature induces changes in the oxygen vacancy content of BiVO4, thus affecting its sensing performance.

To investigate the inherent role of Sm doping in metal sulfation over the surface of Fe2O3 catalyst and reveal the reason for the SO2 tolerance enhancement of Sm/Fe2O3 catalyst at low temperatures (<320 degrees C), sulfated Fe2O3 and Sm/Fe2O3 catalysts were prepared by pretreating fresh catalysts in SO2+O-2 atmosphere. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by NH3 activities and physicochemical characteristics of fresh and sulfated catalysts were studied, and the reaction mechanisms on sulfated catalysts analyzed. The minor shift of Fe signal to high value and larger shift of S signal to low value of sulfated Sm/Fe2O3 compared with sulfated Fe2O3 was observed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), indicating that Sm modification could weaken the sulfation of active Fe sites. Consistent with the XPS results, density functional theory calculations showed that SO2 is more easily adsorbed on the Sm/Fe2O3 catalyst with the adsorption sites located at Sm atom and its neighboring Fe atoms. In-situ DRIFTS results showed that the SCR reaction over the sulfated Fe2O3 catalyst followed both L-H (the adsorbed NH3 species react with adsorbed nitrate species) and E-R (the adsorbed NH3 species react with gaseous NO) mechanisms at 250 degrees C, with the L-H route much faster, whereas only the L-H pathway occurred over sulfated Sm/Fe2O3 catalyst because of too strong affinity of NH3 on the sulfated sites to inhibit NH3 activation - this was also the reason for its enhanced Lewis and Br & oslash;nsted acidity. More reactive nitrate species were formed on the sulfated Sm/Fe2O3 catalyst due to the existence of more un-sulfated Fe sites, making the Sm/Fe2O3 catalyst resistant to SO2 poisoning at relatively low temperatures.

The red mud was activated by an acid leaching and reprecipitation approach to be used as NH3-SCR catalyst. The effect of acid concentration on the leaching rates of Fe, Ti, Al, Ca and Na was investigated, specifically, the interaction between Fe and Ti components in the obtained red mud-based catalysts was concerned. With the acid concentration increasing (below 3.1 mol/L), more Fe and Ti are leached out, meanwhile, Ti can be incorporated into Fe2O3 phase and the crystallite size of Fe2O3 becomes smaller, and the obtained catalyst exhibits better low-temperature activity and SO2 resistance. The HRM3.1 catalyst obtained at the acid concentration of 3.1 mol/L possesses strongest reducibility, largest amount of surface chemisorbed oxygen and medium surface acidity. The in-situ DRIFTS results show that more NO can be adsorbed and oxidized over the HRM3.1 catalyst to generate more nitrate species, even though in the presence of SO2, alleviating the suppression of SO2 on the NH3-SCR reaction, and thus the SO2 tolerance is enhanced.

学科竞赛是提升大学生创新能力、培养新型科技人才的重要载体,在大学生素质培养及高校人才培养模式改革中都起到了积极的作用.依托学科竞赛深化材料类专业实验课程改革,有助于提升教学内涵与质量.将学科竞赛主题与专业知识点和实验教学内容有机结合,不仅能充分调动学生的学习热情,培养学生创新思维与综合能力,还能实现学科竞赛与实验课程的相互促进.

The practical application of Sn-based anode materials is limited by their low electrical conductivity and large volume expansion during cycling. To overcome these challenges, a novel SnS2/SnO2@C/rGO nanocomposite is synthesized by in-situ H2O2 oxidation of SnS2@C/rGO that is prepared via a hydrothermal reaction using SnCl2, thiourea, L-ascorbic acid and GO as the reactants. Tightly contacted SnS2/SnO2 heterostructured nanoparticles are encapsulated by the amorphous carbon derived from L-ascorbic acid, which are further firmly anchored on the rGO sheets through the chemical interactions between the hydroxyl groups of L-ascorbic acid and hydroxyl/carbonyl groups of rGO. The amorphous carbon layer can act as a spacer to prevent the stacking of rGO sheets to retain the ion transport pathway. Meanwhile, the N and S heteroatoms are co-doped into the rGO sheets by using thiourea as N and S sources, which can enhance the electrical conductivity and provide more active sites for Li+ insertion/extraction. The obtained nanocomposite exhibits a specific capacity of 689 mA h g(-1) after 300 cycles at a current density of 0.1 C (1 C = 783 mA g(-1)) and a moderate capacity of 619 mA h g(-1) up to 500 cycles at a large current rate of 0.5 C. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

为达到环保要求,某炼钢厂建设了除尘脱硫装置,而脱硫过程中有稀硫酸副产物产生.该稀硫酸废水具有一定酸度,同时含有铬、镍、镉等多种重金属离子,以及一定量(60～4700 mg/L)的铁,超出环保标准要求.采用传统的碱中和法对该废水进行处理时,难以一次性去除水中的重金属离子,无法达标排放.提出采用碱中和+螯合+絮凝沉淀法处理稀硫酸废水,并考察了重金属离子的去除效果.实验结果表明,调节废水pH为8～10,投加120 mg/L螯合剂DTC-1或TMT-1,添加适量絮凝剂PAC+PAM搅拌反应20 min,可使稀硫酸废水中的重金属离子达到排放标准要求,具有沉降速度快、容易分离等优点.该方法对铬、镍、镉离子的最佳去除率可分别达到99.97％、99.95％、99.32％.

The transformation behaviors of Zn during co-pyrolysis of waste tires and coal were studied in a fixed-bed reaction system. The effects of pyrolysis temperature and the Zn content of coal mixture on the Zn distributions in the pyrolytic products (coke, tar and gas) were investigated in detail. It is found that the relative percentages of Zn in the pyrolytic products are closely related to the contents of S and mineral elements (Ca, Al, Si and Fe) in the coal. The thermodynamic equilibrium simulations conducted using FactSage 8.0 show that S, Al and Si can interact with Zn to inhibit the volatilization of Zn from coke. The reaction sequence with Zn is S > Al > Si, and the thermal stability of products is in the order of ZnS > ZnAl2O4 > Zn2SiO4. These results provide insights into the migration characteristics of Zn during co-pyrolysis of coal and waste tires, which is vital to the prevention and control of Zn emissions to reduce the environmental burden.

The MnOx-CeOy/rGO catalysts were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3. Compared with MnOx-CeOy catalyst, the optimal MnOx-CeOy/rGO(0.1) catalyst not only shows an excellent low-temperature catalytic activity (60-180 C), but also exhibits a better sulfur-resistant performance in the presence of 100 ppm SO2+5 vol% H2O at 160 C. The in-situ DRIFTS results show that more NH4+ on Bronsted acid sites and NH3 on Lewis acid sites, as well as NH4HSO4 are detected on MnOx-CeOy catalyst during SCR reaction with SO2, while the adsorbed NHx species over MnOx-CeOy/rGO(0.1) catalyst can be quickly activated and consumed via Eley-Rideal (E-R) reaction pathway. The highly dispersed Ce sites can effectively protect more Mn active sites from sulfation, and the Mn sites with stronger acidity and abundant oxygen vacancy defects promote the oxidative dehydrogenation of NH3 to form NH2, thus enhancing the sulfur resistance of MnOx-CeOy/rGO(0.1) catalyst.

SnO2 is widely investigated as one of anode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to its natural abundance, low discharge potential (less than 1.5 V) and high theoretical capacity. However, the low electrical conductivity and large volume expansion (300%) during Li+ insertion/extraction results in the poor cyclability and rate capability of SnO2, thus restricting its practical applications. In this study, SnO2@C/rGO nanocomposites were prepared by an one-step hydrothermal method with SnCl2, L-ascorbic acid and GO as reactants. The L-ascorbic acid-derived amorphous carbon served as a spacer to inhibit the stacking of rGO sheets and acted as a coupling agent to strongly anchor SnO2 nanoparticles on the rGO sheets. The as-obtained SnO2@C/rGO nanocomposite delivers a specific capacity of 731 mA·h/g after 180 cycles at a current density of 0.1 C (1 C= 783 mA/g) and a high reversible capacity of 410 mA·h/g at a large current rate of 5 C. This study provides a promising route for the preparation of high-performance SnO2 anode materials.

在材料学科中,实验技术队伍是教师队伍的重要组成部分.在逐渐加强对学生应用能力和创新能力培养的趋势下,实验技术队伍的职责发生了显著的变化,同时也对其工作提出了更高的要求.然而,职责不清、任务繁重、政策保障缺失等问题严重阻碍了实验技术队伍的健康发展.找准突破口,打破现实困境,再配合相应的保障措施和合理的激励政策,才能推动实验技术队伍快速发展,切实提升实验教学水平,促进实验教学与理论教学协调发展.

A series of H3PW12O40 (HPW)-modified Fe2O3 catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3 (NH3SCR) were synthesized via impregnation of HPW on Fe2O3 micro-flowers followed calcination. The optimum HPW/Fe2O3-350-0.5 catalyst exhibits nearly 100% of NO conversion at 240?460 ?C as well as excellent SO2 resistance. The number of Br?nsted acid sites and Lewis acid sites increases significantly after HPW modification, which promotes the adsorption of NH3. Moreover, the incorporation of HPW decreases the oxidation ability of Fe2O3 catalysts, which effectively inhibits the overoxidization of NH3, resulting in excellent catalytic activity and N2 selectivity. In-situ DRIFTS results indicate that the NH3-SCR reaction on HPW/Fe2O3-350-0.5 catalyst mainly follows Eley?Rideal (E-R) mechanism, in addition, the adsorption and oxidization of SO2 on the surface of HPW/ Fe2O3-350-0.5 catalyst are suppressed due to high surface acidity and the decrease of oxidation ability, leading to the enhancement of SO2 tolerance of HPW-modified Fe2O3 catalysts.

MnOx-CeO2/P-CA catalysts were prepared via incipient wetness impregnation of Mn(NO3)(2) . 4H(2)O and Ce(NO3)(3) . 6H(2)O over phosphorus-doped carbon aerogels (P-CA) for selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 (NH3-SCR). The results show that P doping on carbon support significantly promotes the NH3-SCR performance of MnOx-CeO2/P-CA catalysts. P modification can improve the hydrophilicity of carbon support and facilitate the dispersion of MnOx-CeO2 components on carbon surface, which enhances the electronic interactions between MnOx and CeO2. The optimal catalyst 10 %MnOx-CeO2/P-CA shows higher surface acidity, more Mn4+ and Ce3+, and a larger amount of surface chemisorbed oxygen (O-alpha) than that of 10 %MnOx-CeO2/CA catalyst. As a result, even though in the company of SO2, more NO can be adsorbed and oxidized over the 10 %MnOx-CeO2/P-CA catalyst to generate more NO complexes, alleviating the suppression of SO2 on the SCR reaction via Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanism, and thus the SO2 resistance is enhanced.

材料科学基础实验是材料科学与工程专业必修的实验课程,是综合应用材料科学基础的专业基础知识的一门学科专业基础实验课程.针对目前传统实验教学模式的不足与局限,本文在实验教学内容、实验教学方法等方面对该课程实施教学改革与实践,旨在更好地发挥实验教学对理论教学与实践能力培养的作用,探索出培养具有实践能力和创新意识人才的有效途径.