This experiment aims to explore the effects of probiotics on growth performance,body composition,body colour and non-specific imnunity of Cyprinus carpio L.A 45-day feeding trial was performed to investigate the growth performance,body composition,body colour and non-specific immunity effects of probiotics in Cyprinus carpio L.juveniles.300 juveniles [initial body weight (147.22 + 4.51) g] were allotted to five groups(three replicates/group):a control group without probiotics(Ⅰ) and four treatment groups supplemented with 0.05‰(Ⅱ),0.10‰(Ⅲ),0.20‰(Ⅳ),0.40‰(Ⅴ).Compared with the control group,growth performance of group Ⅳ (0.20‰)was increased by 32.25％ (P ＜ 0.05),26.19％ (P＜0.05),respectively.But the feed conversion ratio was 25.98％ lower than in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in Cyprinus carpio L.juveniles survival rate and body colour between the control group and the treatment groups.Moreover,there were no significant differences in crude protein,crude fat and water content between the control group and the treatment groups,except for crude ash content.The activities of SOD,AKP and LSZ were higher in all treatment groups compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Non-specific immunity.index were improved in Cyprinus carpio L.fed diet containing 0.20‰ probiotics (Ⅳ),which was 69.84 U/mL,12.72 U/mL,14.21 μg/mL,increased by 24.33％,27.70％ and 26.00％ compared with the control group.It can be concluded that the addition of probiotics to the diet promotes growth performance,improves muscle composition and enhances non-specific immunity of Cyprinus carpio L.juveniles.Appropriate additive level of probiotics is 0.20‰ in the dietary of Cyprinus carpio L.juveniles.

为研究几种鱼类常用催产剂对锦鲤的催产效果,分别给性腺发育成熟的锦鲤亲鱼注射HCG+LHRH-A2(A组)、PG+ HCG+ LHRH-A2(B组)、DOM+ LHRH-A2(C组)、复方促性腺激素释放激素类似物(D组)和“双生”牌注射用高效鱼用催产剂(E组)进行人工催产,比较不同外源催产激素对锦鲤亲鱼产卵和排精效果的影响.试验结果表明,各组催产剂均能在水温20 ～ 22℃下诱导亲鱼排卵、排精.其中,注射两种复合催产剂的D组、E组催产效果最佳,雌鱼效应时间为11 ～18 h,催产率均为100％,平均产卵量分别为(23.93 ±2.31)粒/g、(22.62 ±2.81)粒/g,受精率分别为(86.44±2.9)％、(85.28±3.2)％,孵化率为(79.44±2.70)％、(78.65±3.10)％;雄鱼24 h内的采精量分别为1461、1 456 mL,精子的寿命分别为(125.34±8.70)s、(125.26±9.40)s,精子的活动强度分别为(48.31 ±8.90)s、(47.89 ±8.40)s,且采精率分别为(69.57±5.25)％、(68.74±4.32)％,产后亲鱼的死亡率均为0.各组精子的寿命、采精率均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),但A、B、C组精子的活动强度与对照组相比无显著性差异(P＞0.05).

罗非鱼无肌间刺,适于加工鱼片,是联合国粮农组织推荐养殖的名优淡水鱼类,且易于饲养,适应能力强,在北方地区也有大量养殖,但不能自然越冬.经多年试验、生产,我们总结出了该品种越冬养殖技术.

优质锦鲤是观赏鱼现代农业产业技术体系北京市创新团队重点研究、示范和推广的观赏鱼品种.北京市水产科学研究所自1998年引进优质锦鲤亲鱼、苗种等开展繁养殖试验示范,并承担了国家及省部级项目30余项,实现了优质锦鲤的亲本培育、配组、繁殖及苗种培育、挑选等方面的研究与推广,目前已拥有优质锦鲤亲本、后备亲本2000组,年育苗能力4000余万尾.

目前色素根据其来源主要分为两种,一种是天然色素,包括自然界含色素丰富的各类动植物和微生物,如松针粉、玉米、红辣椒、虾蟹废弃物等;另一种是化学合成色素,如桔黄素、裸甲酮、类胡萝卜素等,已被证明具有较好的色素沉着效果.在国外,着色剂的使用特别是欧美、日本等国已较为普遍,通过适当的添加都取得了明显的经济效益.在我国对此的研究和利用在家禽上进行得较多,在水产上较少.

为了获得基因相对纯和、性状更为优良的锦鲤新品系,采用超大的亲本群体对锦鲤“御三家”进行了三代的体型、体色选育,并在此基础上与荷包红鲤抗寒品系杂交,得到了锦鲤“御三家”抗寒新品系.结果表明:育成的红白锦鲤、大正三色锦鲤新品系F3代中全红鲤所占比例降低了16.3％、21.5％,全白鲤所占比例较对照组降低了15.7％、14.5％,淡黑色鲤所占比例较对照组降低了8.8％;昭和三色锦鲤的新品系F3代中青黄色鲤所占比例较对照组降低了47.2％;各选育品系中畸形鲤所占的比例也较对照组有所降低,新品系F3代中长体型个体占总样本的比例增加到83.6％、79.7％、74.9％.

为研究锦鲤不同养殖模式下水体中氨氮含量的变化规律,在肥水池塘、新水池塘、工厂化循环水养殖池、水泥池、定期换水的水泥池、定期投放微生物制剂的水泥池中进行了锦鲤养殖试验,测定水体中氨氮的含量并进行分析.结果表明:各试验组间氨氮含量的变化差异显著(P＜0.05);各组氨氮含量与时间的相关关系均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01),其中工厂化循环水养殖池为显著负相关,其余各组为显著正相关.肥水池塘、新水池塘、不换水的水泥池、定期换水的水泥池4个试验组的氨氮含量随时间的延长呈上升趋势.工厂化循环水养殖池的氨氮含量在鱼种投放后第4天达到最高值0.42 mg·L-1,而后随时间的延长,氨氮浓度处于波动下降的状态.定期投放微生物制剂水泥池的氨氮浓度分别在试验第10天和第20天出现了两个波峰,在第14天和第25天出现了两个波谷,整体随时间的延长呈上升趋势.

To investigate the effects of different diets on nutritive components in the muscle of genetic improvement of farmed Tilapia(GIFT) in high-density fishery mode, the nutritional components in the muscle of the inflated floating feeds group and the common sinking feeds group of GIFT were tested and analyzed with routine methods. The results showed that the contents of crude protein、crude fat and crude ash in the muscle of the inflated floating feeds group were significantly higher compared with the common sinking feedsgroup(P0.05), while the content of moisture appeared in contradiction(P0.05). Eighteen amino acids were found in the muscle of two groups, and significant differences(P0.05) in the content of many amino acids were also found between two groups. Contents of delicious amino acid(DAA)、essential amino acid(EAA) and total amino acid(TAA) of the inflated floating feeds group were significantly higher compared with the common sinking feeds group(P0.05). The essential amino acid indexs(EAAI) of two groups were 65.64 and 62.62, respectively, but the inflated floating feeds group was conformed to FAO/WHO criterion only. According to amino acid score(AAS) and chemical score(CS), the first limited amino acid was Trp of two groups, but the second limited amino acids were different. Among the 11 fatty acids, the contents of most saturated fatty acid(SFA) in the inflated floating feeds group were significantly higher compared with the common sinking feeds group(P0.05), while the content of most unsaturated fatty acid(UFA) appeared in contradiction. According to the composition of trace elements in the muscle of GIFT, Zn was the highest content in the inflated floating feeds group, while Fe was the highest content in the common sinking feeds group. In a word, the inflated floating feeds were better than the common sinking feeds. The results of this study provide the basis for the nutritional quality of GIFT of high-density fishery mode.

Microsatellite DNA was isolated from goldfish with combining biotin capture method. We obtained 38 positive clones and isolated 31 microsatellite sequences. 12 pairs of primers were designed by Primer Premier 5. 0 and 8 pairs of primers can obtain amplifying products among them. The genetic diversity of the artificial breed goldfish populations were studied by using the 8 Microsatellite primers. The results showed that the genetic diversity level of two populations were high. The average heterozygosity( Ho) in two populations was from 0. 534 3 to 0. 565 5, average excepted heterozygosity( He) was from 0. 628 6 to 0. 657 0,and average polymorphism information content( PIC) was from 0. 500 9 to 0. 510 6. The genetic distance was 0. 095 7 and genetic identity was 0. 921 1. All of 8 microsatellite locus could be used for genetic analysis in goldfish.

选择锦鲤雌核发育二倍体为试验对象,研究了不同声强的超声波对其胚胎孵化、F1代存活率和生长的影响。结果表明:超声波可以促进胚胎发育,使胚体提前出膜,当辐射时间达到10 min时,全部出膜时间缩短了21 h,高峰期孵化率提高了62.96%;F1代经过60 d的超声波辐射养殖,每天受频率23 kHz、声源辐射声强200 mW.cm-2的超声波连续辐射刺激3 min的试验组鱼,其成活率和特定生长率最高,成活率比对照组提高了17.24%,特定生长率增加了23.36%(P<0.01);但每天受频率23 kHz、声源辐射声强400 mW.cm-2的超声波连续辐射刺激3 min的试验组鱼,其成活率比对照组下降了18.97%,特定生长率减少了15.39%(P<0.01)。试验初步表明,低频率的超声波辐射对锦鲤雌核发育二倍体的生长发育具有促进作用。

<正>龙凤锦鲤又名龙凤呈祥锦鲤,由中国长鳍鲤同日本锦鲤进行杂交、经过多次改良而培育的品种,最早由中国台湾地区培育而出。龙凤锦鲤有其独特的外形:龙头凤尾,头似龙头、尾鳍长似凤凰尾,其他各鳍长而宽大,鱼须长而威武,是不可多得的中上品观赏鱼,在家庭及宾馆酒店中摆设,可祈祝吉祥安泰和招财化煞。现将其养殖技术介绍如下:

The dressing rate and nutritional components were analyzed in muscle of Leiocassis longirostris(body weight 771.8-1 047.1 g) by routine methods.The results showed that there was a dressing rate of 75.69%±0.41%.The nutritive compositions(%,wet) in the muscle were found to be the moisture of 75.82%,crude protein of 15.85%,crude fat of 5.31%,crude ash of 0.91%.In the muscle,18 amino acids were detected including 8 essential amino acids for human need.In dry sample,the total content of amino acids was 62.83%,and the content of essential amino acids 25.43%,accounting for 40.48%,with the essential amino acid index(EAAI) of 79.14,exceeding the FAO/WHO criterion and close to the egg criterion.Furthermore,the content of 4 delicious amino acids was found to be 23.89%,with the first limited amino acid of Trp and the second limited amino acid of Val.There were abundant fatty acids in the muscle of Leiocassis longirostris,PUFA accounting for 39.88%,EPA 3.22%,DHA 13.18% in the total fatty acids.The muscle showed abundant macroelements and trace elements in Leiocassis longirostris which is one of the freshwater fishes with good nutritive value.

在实验室塑料水槽中,观察了不同盐度条件下星斑川鲽(Platichthys stellatus)幼鱼(10.6±0.27 g)的存活率,摄食和生长状况.结果表明:将星斑川鲽幼鱼从盐度为32的海水中直接移入低盐水中,在各个盐度下96 h后存活率均为100％;经盐度驯化后42 d的各组鱼成活率也为100％.盐度0,8,16组的增重率和特定生长率高于24和32组;摄食率32时最高,16时最低;饵料转化效率16时最高24时最低,各组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).另外实验表明低盐度有利于星斑川鲽白化病的康复.

为研究粪便的不同收集方法对锦鲤(体长15.0±2.3 cm)表观消化率测定结果的影响,采用虹吸法、挤压法、后肠取粪法和积粪器法等4种方法收集锦鲤粪便进行了比较试验,并且在采用积粪器法和虹吸法时设置了不同的收集时间。试验结果:(1)摄食结束后的4~9 h为锦鲤排粪高峰期。(2)粪便的不同收集方法和不同收集时间对干物质表观消化率(ADC1)和蛋白质表观消化率(ADC2)的测定结果均存在显著性影响(P<0.05)。采用虹吸法收集粪便,测得的ADC1与在排粪高峰时段内采用积粪器法的一致,而ADC2值则略低;采用后肠取粪法、挤压法收集粪便,测得的ADC1值和ADC2值均低于采用虹吸法的。试验结果表明,在锦鲤排粪高峰期,采用虹吸法收集带有完整包膜的新鲜粪便,是测定锦鲤ADC最科学可靠的方法。

We evaluated the effects of starvation and subsequent re-feeding on the structure of digestive system in Platichthys stellatus.We documented changes in morphological and histological structure by observation of paraf-fin-sectioned gut tissue.Groups of fish(mean weight 26.02±0.30 g) were starved for 5(S5),10(S10),or 15(S15) days.A control group was fed as normal.All fish were held at at(19±1)℃ and 32±1 salinity.We observed changes in the morphological structure of individuals in groups S10 and S15.The gastric volume decreased and the gastric wall thinned;the tube wall of the intestine was thinner and transparent while the mesentery was shrunken.The hepatopancreas was atrophied and its color changed from pink to deep yellow.The changes in structure were more evident in groups S10 and S15 than S5.The height of the epithelial cells,gastric gland cells,and the secretory granules in the stomach all decreased and the cell boundary became blurred.There was a de-crease in the height of the epithelial cells and the rugae in the intestine.The striated border also decreased in height,and was even absent in some individuals.We observed an increase in the number of goblet cells,the he-patic tissue was compacted,and there was a decrease in lipid volume and the number of secretory granules in he-patic cells,while the cell boundary become blurred.We observed some degree of recovery following resumption of feeding.Our results suggest that P.stellatus are able to tolerate 5–10 d starvation,beyond which irreparable damage is likely to occur to the histological structures of the digestive system.

<正>缺帘鱼隶属于脂鲤目、脂鲤科、缺帘鱼属,是巴西、秘鲁、玻利维亚等南美洲国家的一种非常重要的经济鱼类,主要分布在亚马逊河流域中上游。缺帘鱼肉质优良、味道鲜美。北京市水产科学研究所自2003年首次批量从巴西引进缺帘鱼进行养殖示范推广,深受广大消费者青睐。现将其养殖技术总结如下。

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth and blood biochemical indices of Cyprinus carpio L.Five experimental diets containing different lipid levels(5.36%,7.74%,10.52%,12.85%,15.45%) were formulated and fed to apparent satiation to five groups for 60 days,each diet contained 12% Spirulina.The results showed that:the body weight gain,special growth rate,feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio increased with the increase of the dietary lipid level from 5.36% to 10.52%.The Alanine transaminase activity and Glucose concentration in blood serum increased with the increase of lipid level,the ALT activity was significantly higher(P0.05)at the lipid level of 12.85% and GLU concentrations were significantly higher(P0.05) at the lipid level of 15.45% while there was no significantly effects on triglyceride and cholesterol concentration(P0.05).In conclusion,the lipid level of 10.52% dietary contained equivalent Spirulina was effective in growth.

采用饥饿不同时间后再恢复投喂相同时间的方法,在温度(19±1)℃、盐度32±1的条件下,对相同规格的星斑川鲽[(26.02±0.30)g]的生长、摄食进行了研究.研究结果表明,饥饿5 d的星斑川鲽在恢复投喂20 d后鱼体质量超过对照组水平,差异不显著(P>0.05),获得了超补偿生长;饥饿10d的星斑川鲽恢复投喂20 d后,鱼体质量接近对照组水平.差异不显著(P>0.05),获得了完全补偿生长;饥饿15 d的星斑川鲽恢复投喂20 d后.鱼体质量未能达到对照组水平,差异显著(P<0.05),获得了部分补偿生长.饥饿后再投喂处理对星斑川鲽的体质量、全长、特定生长率、比肝质量等生长指标均有显著影响;对总摄食量、平均摄食量、食物转化率、摄食率、吸收率、排粪率的影响亦比较明显.结果表明,饥饿5 d的星斑川鲽在恢复投喂后生长最快,表现出很强的补偿生长能力.

637 individuals of one-year-old long tail Ryukin were collected for measuring the morphometric attributes,including the body weigh,body length,body height,head length,tail handle length,tail handle height,pectoral fin length,ventral fin length,dorsal fin height,anal fin length and caudal fin length.The correlation coefficients among the attributes were calculated,and then path analysis was conducted by taking the caudal fin length as a dependent variable,and other ten morphometric attributes as independent variables.The results showed that the tail handle height had the most influnce to the caudal fin length;the pectoral fin length and the tail handle length followed.The multiple regression equation relating the caudal fin length was established as y=-2.573+4.2x1+0.647x2+2.41x3,where y is caudal fin length,x1,x2,x3 is the tail handle height,pectoral fin length,and tail handle length,respectively.

一、金鱼池塘养殖技术规程 1.建池池塘应选在避风向阳、泥质池底、不渗漏,水源充足和给排水方便的地方,池塘面积100～300米2,水深为40～60厘米.池塘以东西向较长的长方形池较好,接受阳光面积较大,阳光充足有利于浮游生物的生长.因为池塘养鱼主要以天然浮游生物为饵料,人为地投喂鱼虫不能满足金鱼摄食的需要.阳光充足也有利于提高水温,促进金鱼快速生长.另外,池底要平坦.池塘在放养鱼苗前需要彻底清塘、消毒,以防野杂鱼蚕食鱼种.同时,也要清除对金鱼生长有害的寄生虫和细菌等有害的微生物.