Grassland health refers to the degree to which the integrity of soil and ecological processes is maintained, which primarily reflects the health status and productivity of grasslands. Evaluating the degree of grassland health is vital for the sustainable develop of grasslands. There are many methods for evaluating grassland health, with advantages and disadvantages for each one. However, there is still a lack of systematic literature offering an overview of methods of grassland health assessment and their applicability. We summarized 10 methods of grassland health assessment, including vigor-organization-resilience (VOR) index evaluation model, condition-vigor-organization-resilience (CVOR) index evaluation model, principal component analysis method, analytic hierarchy process, cluster analysis method, grey relational analysis, pressure-state-response evaluation model, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, comprehensive evaluation model of grassland health, and evaluation model using remote sensing technology. The advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of these methods were discussed, aiming to provide scientific basis for selecting more suitable methods of grassland health assessment for different scenarios in the future.

With increasing acreage of cash crops, the use of their by-products as supplements for livestock feed becomes an important factor. Marigold ( Tagetes erecta L.) account for more than half of the world’s loose flower production. However, there is no precedent for the abundantly available marigold crop residue (MCR) being used as feed in agricultural production, probably because of its strong pungent taste. This study aimed to evaluate the biotransformation of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of MCR by mixed ensilage and assess its palatability by cattle. Caryophyllene, the most prevalent VOC in MCR, decreased by 29.11% ( P < 0.05), 38.85% ( P < 0.05), 37.15% ( P < 0.05), and 28.36% ( P < 0.05) ensilage with corn meal (CM), bran (BR), crop corn (CC), and straw (ST), respectively. The acetic acid content increased by 686.05% ( P < 0.05), 1337.21% ( P < 0.05), 1244.19% ( P < 0.05), and 1795.34% ( P < 0.05) after mixed ensilage with CM, BR, CC, and ST, respectively. The total amount of alcoholic VOCs followed an overall increasing trend during mixed storage and 10 new alcohols were obtained. Over seven days, feed intake of mixed ensilage MCR by cattle differed significantly ( P < 0.05) among treatments compared with MCR and was highest in MCRCM. Combined with palatability trials, the best MCR feed intake was achieved with MCRCM. The findings shed light on how feed odor can be improved and how degradation of terpenes can be enhanced in practical applications by mixed ensilage.

洱源县具有丰富的草地资源,地处云南省西北部,隶属于大理白族自治州,奶牛养殖已有 600 多年的历史,是云南省奶牛改良和发展的重点区域之一.本文介绍了洱源县天然草地的主要类型与分布、草地质量分级、各乡镇草地分布情况和面积、草原退化程度、草食畜牧业现状和人工饲草种植情况;并系统分析了草畜平衡状况.洱源县天然草场面积42200hm2,天然草场产草量为193500 吨,可载畜449200 个羊单位.草原类型主要有暖性灌草丛类、热性灌草丛类、山地草甸类 3 种类型.2021 年种植优质牧草2027.33hm2,干草产量32700 吨,主要种植有青贮玉米、紫花苜蓿、燕麦和箭筈豌豆等.系统分析得出目前洱源县草畜状况基本平衡,但存在天然草场利用率较低,且在部分乡镇出现季节性饲草短缺现象,邓川镇、凤羽镇、炼铁乡、茈碧湖镇存在明显的草畜矛盾,产草量远不能满足家畜养殖.今后应在山区加大对天然草场的利用,通过适度放牧和轮牧来合理利用和促进草场更新.在坝区,充分利用冬闲田、季节性轮歇地等建立优质一年生草地,开展青贮或干草调制加工,缓解草畜矛盾,提高生产效率.

Livestock grazing greatly affects the soil environments and soil microbial community, potentially driving significant biodiversity losses. Yet, how soil microbial communities respond to grazing remains relatively unknown in southern grasslands. This study hypothesized that long-term grazing alters soil microbial community composition and reduces microbial diversity by changing underlying soil properties. To assess the impact of long-term grazing on soil properties, bacterial and fungal diversity and microbial community composition were investigated in replicate grazed (38 years of moderate intensity grazing) and ungrazed plots in a subtropical grassland, China. Fungal β-diversity was more sensitive to long-term grazing than bacterial β-diversity, with fungal β-diversity decreasing by 28.8

为响应云南省政府"粮改饲"政策,在曲靖市开展青贮用玉米品种的对比筛选试验,以期选择适宜当地种植的玉米品种进行大面积推广应用.试验供试玉米品种16个.乳熟期对各供试品种的农艺性状、病虫害抗性、倒伏状况等指标进行了测定.数据分析结果表明,文青贮2号、青青300、曲辰9号、老白1号的鲜草产量较高,抗逆性强,适宜作为青贮用玉米品种在曲靖及类似地区推广种植.

Anthracnose is a disease caused by Colletotrichum species. They are well known as major plant pathogens, and a black stem disease, specifically caused by Colletotrichum truncatum and primarily infecting sword bean (Canavalia gladiata), was observed in the Yunnan province, China. To aid disease management and to determine pathogenic characteristics, the species causing the leaf spot disease of hairy vetch was verified as C. truncatum. A sequence analysis of the ITS, ACT, GAPDH, and HIS3 genes was conducted, as well as morphological and cultural characteristics, to identify this Colletotrichum species, which has curved conidia. C. truncatum isolates from sword bean formed a distinctive group among Colletotrichum species, including those that infect other forage and field crops. Artificially inoculated sword bean seedlings showed typical symptoms of anthracnose, which were similar to field observations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. truncatum causing black stem disease on sword beans in China.

为探究滇西北高海拔地区提高牦牛养殖补饲水平、促进产业结构调整、实现高原特色畜牧业绿色健康发展的草地建植模式.在迪庆藏族自治州香格里拉市小中甸县开展了小黑麦(×Triticosecale Wittmack,T)和饲用豌豆(Pisum Sati-vum,F)混播试验,对不同处理下的饲草产量、品质和土壤养分等进行评价.结果表明:饲用豌豆与小黑麦适当混播在一定程度上可增加饲用豌豆的株高,有利于田间收获;适宜混播可有效提高饲草产量,混播比例T:F为40:60可获得较高的饲草产量,与小黑麦单播相比,干草产量增加59％,鲜草产量增加113.1％;与饲用豌豆单播相比,干草产量增加18.9％,鲜草产量增加10.1％;该比例下的粗蛋白含量为18.5％;较小黑麦单播处理,小黑麦与饲用豌豆适宜混播可改善土壤速效磷和速效钾含量.综合考虑饲草产量、品质和表层土壤性状,得出小黑麦与饲用豌豆混播最佳比例是40:60.

通过对云南肉牛主产区不同贮存方式、不同品种、不同贮存时间的全株玉米青贮和玉米秸秆青贮的营养价值和瘤胃降解率分析,为肉牛养殖中玉米青贮的选择利用以及后续的饲料配方设计提供参考依据.以3头带永久瘤胃瘘管的云岭牛为试验动物,采用瘤胃尼龙袋法测定全株玉米青贮1(A)、全株玉米青贮2(B)、玉米秸秆青贮(C)、鲜食玉米秸秆青贮1(D)和鲜食玉米秸秆青贮2(E)的DM、OM、CP、NDF和ADF的瘤胃降解率,并进行相关性分析.结果表明:①DM含量B显著高于其他青贮(P＜0.05);CP含量D最高,为11.36％,C最低,为8.67％;NDF和ADF含量均为C＞A＞D＞B＞E;Ash含量秸秆类青贮较高,C＞D＞E＞B＞A.②DM和OM的有效降解率均为E＞B＞D＞A＞C;CP的有效降解率为E＞D＞A＞B＞C;NDF的有效降解率E＞D＞B＞A＞C;ADF的有效降解率E和A间差异显著(P＜0.05).③相关性分析表明,DM的有效降解率与NDF、ADF、ADL、CF含量呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01).CP的有效降解率与CP含量呈显著正相关(P＜0.05),与CF、NDF和ADF含量呈显著负相关(P＜0.05).由此可见,供试玉米青贮中鲜食玉米秸秆有效降解率较高.全株玉米青贮的营养成分和各物质瘤胃有效降解率均高于玉米秸秆青贮.综合营养成分和瘤胃有效降解率,建议在肉牛饲养中宜选用鲜食玉米秸秆和全株玉米青贮.

试验旨在研究全株甘蔗青贮、木薯茎叶、香蕉茎叶青贮和白酒糟等4种非常规粗饲料在肉牛瘤胃中的降解特性.试验采用尼龙袋法,以3头装有永久瘘管的肉牛(云岭牛)为试验对象,每头牛做3个平行.4种非常规粗饲料通过瘤胃瘘管送至瘤胃腹囊中,分别在6、12、24、36、48、72h取出,测定4种非常规粗饲料在不同时间点消化后的干物质(DM)、粗灰分(Ash)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗脂肪(EE)含量.结果显示:白酒糟的DM、CP含量显著高于其他3组(P＜0.05).香蕉茎叶青贮的Ash、NDF和ADF含量显著高于其他3种粗饲料(P＜0.05).木薯茎叶和白酒糟的EE含量均显著高于其他2种粗饲料(P＜0.05).DM、有机物(OM)、CP有效降解率均为白酒糟＞全株甘蔗青贮＞木薯茎叶＞香蕉茎叶青贮.NDF有效降解率排序为香蕉茎叶青贮＞木薯茎叶＞白酒糟＞全株甘蔗青贮.香蕉茎叶青贮和木薯茎叶的ADF有效降解率显著高于白酒糟和全株甘蔗青贮(P＜0.05).研究表明,4种粗饲料均表现出良好的饲喂效果,以白酒糟和木薯茎叶的饲用效果较好.

以多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)品种麦迪(Mathilde)和绅士(Esquire)为供试材料,采用0、25、50、100和200mmol/L NaCl共5个处理,研究不同浓度NaCl处理对多年生黑麦草生理特性以及耐盐基因表达模式的影响.结果显示:两个黑麦草品种地上生物量、根重、株高、PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)在不同浓度NaCl处理下均受到不同程度抑制;两个品种黑麦草地上部和根部K+含量在盐胁迫下均持续下降,Na+含量显著升高,但与绅士相比,麦迪能够在轻度盐胁迫(25和50mmol/L)下维持其地上部K+含量的相对稳定和较高的K+/Na+比率;两个品种黑麦草可溶性糖含量均随着NaCl处理浓度的升高呈现出上升趋势;耐盐候选基因LpNHX1、LpSKOR、LpHKT1;5的表达量在两个品种黑麦草中均能受到外界盐胁迫显著诱导而上调.

为筛选适宜云南迪庆高寒地区种植的青贮玉米品种,在香格里拉小中甸镇引入曲晨9号、红单10号、京科青贮932、迪卡625等16个青贮玉米品种,通过田间农艺性状比较和青贮品质分析,应用灰色关联度法综合评价各品种的生产性能.结果表明,迪卡625、振兴508、红单10号的株高较高,平均株高达2 m;鲜草产量较高的是红单10号、曲辰9号、迪卡159、青贮玉米5102,产量分别为68.6、60.5、61.7、63.0 t·hm-2;粗蛋白含量较高的是京科青贮932,其次是胜玉2号、迪卡667、禾玉36、青贮玉米5102、迪卡625和禾玉9566.综合各项指标得出,在迪庆香格里拉地区综合表现较好的青贮玉米有京科青贮932、青贮玉米5102、迪卡625、迪卡667,这4个玉米品种穗位高为68.4～85.7 cm,粗蛋白含量为6.62％～8.83％,鲜重为50.1～63 t·hm-2,且具有很强的抗病虫能力.

选择14～17月龄文山牛7头和西本杂牛14头,将文山牛设为组Ⅰ,西本杂牛随机分为2组,每组7头,设为组Ⅱ和组Ⅲ;饲养管理相同,3组牛的精料喂量均为3.5 kg/d,文山牛组Ⅰ和西本杂牛组Ⅱ饲喂全株玉米青贮,西本杂牛组Ⅲ饲喂甘蔗梢青贮,粗饲料自由采食;试验期90 d,以期研究全株玉米和甘蔗梢2种青贮饲喂文山牛及其杂交后代(西门塔尔×文山牛)的育肥效果.试验结果显示:3组牛均获得>1000 g以上的平均日增重,增重效果好;其中饲喂全株玉米青贮的西本杂牛组Ⅱ的增重和经济效益极显著,饲喂全株玉米青贮的文山牛组Ⅰ增重和经济效益显著高于饲喂甘蔗梢青贮的西本杂牛组Ⅲ,说明粗饲料和牛品种均是影响养殖效益的重要因素,宜采用全株玉米青贮养牛,尤其是全株玉米青贮养殖杂交后代可获得更高的经济效益.

为探究全株大麦拉伸膜裹包青贮长期贮存过程中营养成分和发酵品质的变化规律.试验开展全株大麦三层拉伸膜裹包青贮制作,青贮贮存8个月,期间每月定时取样进行营养成分和发酵参数测定.结果表明:(1)第1?5月的霉变率极低,第5个月后霉变率显著增高,最高达18.95％.(2)青贮的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维变化显著(P<0.05),干物质变化不显著(P>0.05).第1?2月的干物质、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维均呈下降趋势.整个过程中,粗蛋白保持在8％?10％之间呈"W"状波动,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维两者呈趋于一致的"波形"幅度变化,粗脂肪在第2月和第7月变化幅度较大,干物质含量第3?7月在4％的范围内呈上升变化.(3)青贮发酵品质变化显著(P<0.05).第1?3月乳酸和pH的变化大致呈乳酸升高pH降低的趋势,第3月后乳酸和pH变化趋势相似;整个过程的氨态氮/总氮的比值均小于5％;乙酸含量在0％?1％的范围内呈"波形"曲线变化;丙酸含量仅有第8月达到0.16％,其他月份均在0.1％以下范围内.整个青贮过程采用V-Score评分体系进行青贮品质评价,各月的青贮品质均为优质.综合营养成分和青贮品质,全株大麦拉伸膜裹包青贮质量优良,适合在云南中部地区推广利用.全株大麦三层拉伸膜裹包青贮适宜保存时间为5个月.

[目的]对喜马拉雅野生鸭茅二倍体及其同源四倍体的表型性状差异进行评价,旨在获得不同倍性鸭茅种质的表型性状基础数据.[方法]采用个体测定方法对花期供试单株的分蘖数、繁殖枝数、叶长宽、节长、花序长宽、种子大小、千粒重、单株重等30个指标进行测定,并进行t检验分析.[结果]喜马拉雅野生鸭茅二倍体经过染色加倍后的同源四倍体,其表型性状指标中的营养蘖数、繁殖枝数、旗叶长、基部茎宽、单株干重和千粒重分别比喜马拉雅野生鸭茅二倍体增加45.25％(P ＜0.05)、21.70％(P＜0.05)、12.40％(P ＜0.01)、88.24％(P＜0.01)和27.64％(P＜0.01),叶长、穗叶距、花序长、叶绿素亦呈小幅增加(P＞0.05),但基部节长明显变短33.91％ (P＜0.01)、节数减少8.64％(P ＜0.05)、植株变矮5.64％(P ＞0.05);在花序、小穗和种子形态方面,鸭茅同源四倍体的花序长而紧凑,小花数增加7.32％(P ＜0.05)、小穗数增加2.30％(P ＞0.05)、小穗变长11.05 ％(P＜0.01)、种子变长10.60％(P＜0.01)、种子数减少23.66％(P＜0.01).[结论]染色体倍性的增加,鸭茅表型性状中分蘖数、繁殖枝数、基部茎宽、旗叶长、小穗长和小花数明显增加,种子变大,单株的干重和千粒重也明显提高,但鸭茅植株的基部节长变短、节数减少明显,改善了植株的生产性能和抗倒伏性.

为挖掘迪庆藏族自治州冬春季饲草供给来源和探究适宜与青贮玉米(Zea mays)轮作的饲草种植模式,本研究在香格里拉小中甸地区开展了11个小黑麦(×?Triticosecale?Wittmack)和3个黑麦(Secale cereale)品种的秋播引种试验.主要通过株高、产量、抗逆性和营养品质来评价供试小黑麦的生产表现.结果表明:1)供试小黑麦和黑麦品种在产量和抗逆性方面均存在显著差异(P?<?0.05).黑麦品种均存在倒伏现象,小黑麦均未发生倒伏.鲜草产量较高的有小黑麦中饲1048、C6、优能和冀饲3号,鲜草产量分别为28.0、27.3、26.9和26.0?t·hm?2,显著高于其他品种(P?<0.05).2)不同供试饲草品种营养品质存在一定的差异,其中C35、优能、冀饲2号、C10、C16小黑麦的粗蛋白含量较高,均在7.03％以上;小黑麦的可溶性糖含量整体显著高于黑麦品种(P?<?0.05).3)通过饲草产量、抗逆性和全株营养品质的综合评价,初步得出适合在迪庆高寒地区秋播种植的小黑麦品种有冀饲2号、优能、冀饲3号、甘农2号和中饲1048,可与夏播青贮玉米形成轮作体系.迪庆高海拔高寒地区秋播小黑麦可有效利用冬闲田,与夏播青贮玉米形成轮作体系,由原来的"一年一熟"种植模式转变成"二年三熟"的种植模式,为当地牦牛养殖的饲草全年均衡供应提供了优质饲草来源,缓解了迪庆高海拔高寒地区草畜矛盾.

【目的】为明确白三叶（Trifolium repens L.）+鸭茅（Dactylis glomerata L.）混播条件下,白三叶化感效应对鸭茅生长的影响。【方法】试验采用开花期白三叶的根、茎、叶水提液对鸭茅幼苗进行处理,测定鸭茅地上部叶片和地下根系中的电解质渗透率、抗氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量等的变化。【结果】鸭茅电解质渗透率对开花期白三叶茎、根浸提液的响应要比叶浸提液更加敏感。鸭茅幼苗丙二醛含量对白三叶不同部位浸提液的响应是茎和叶＞根。从鸭茅幼苗脯氨酸含量变化可得出,白三叶不同部位浸提液表现出"低浓度无抑制,高浓度抑制"的影响,且茎＞根≈叶。鸭茅SOD、POD和CAT活性的响应,均表现出茎＞根≈叶。【结论】开花期白三叶浸提液对鸭茅存在化感作用,不同部位的浸提液对鸭茅的化感作用强弱为:茎＞根≈叶,鸭茅幼苗叶片对白三叶浸提液的化感效应敏感于鸭茅幼苗根系。

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 5Occurrence of Verticillium Wilt Caused by Verticillium dahliae on Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) in Northwest China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseOccurrence of Verticillium Wilt Caused by Verticillium dahliae on Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) in Northwest ChinaHui Lyu, Chunjie Li, and Meiyan ZhangHui Lyuhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0872-1617State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University; College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University; Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Chunjie Li†Corresponding author: C. Li; E-mail Address: chunjie@lzu.edu.cnhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-3287-2140State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University; College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University; Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, and Meiyan ZhangAcademy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Hui Lyu1 Chunjie Li1 † Meiyan Zhang2 1State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University; College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University; Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China 2Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, China Published Online:8 Mar 2020https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-19-1318-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis), a member of the Fabaceae family, is widely grown in the arid and semiarid regions of northwest China. It is used as an herbal medicine for its antiviral and antioxidant properties (Fiore et al. 2008). In 2016, wilt and chlorosis symptoms on licorice were observed in three fields with 18, 30, and 36% incidence in Guazhou, Gansu, China. Ten symptomatic stems were sampled from the three fields and disinfested with 75% ethanol for 1 min and 1% NaOCl for 2 min, rinsed in sterilized water, and dried. The plant sections were then placed onto potato dextrose agar plates and incubated at 25°C in the dark for 4 days. A fungus was isolated with 70.7% frequency from the diseased tissue, and pure isolates were obtained by transferring hyphal tips. Colonies of the isolates were white at first, and after 5 days the colonies turned dark due to the production of microsclerotia. Conidiophores were hyaline, erect or slanted, and verticillate with two to six phialides at each node. Conidia were hyaline, aseptate, cylindrical with rounded to oval apices, and 5.0 to 6.5 × 2.5 to 3.5 μm. Based on the morphological characteristics, the fungus isolated closely matched the description of Verticillium dahliae (Inderbitzin et al. 2011a). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and actin gene (ACT) of six isolates were amplified and sequenced using the primers ITS1/ITS4 and VActF/VactR (Inderbitzin et al. 2011b). The ITS and ACT sequences of six isolates were identical, and sequences of the representative isolate, LVV1, were deposited in GenBank (MN086325 for ITS, MN090944 for ACT). BLAST analysis showed the ITS sequence (495 bp) and ACT sequence (528 bp) of LVV1 were 100% identical to sequences (HQ206718 and HQ206921, respectively) of V. dahliae (PD322). The phylogenetic tree of combined sequences (ITS + ACT) was constructed by the maximum likelihood method using IQ-tree software (Nguyen et al. 2014) with the related Verticillium species and three isolates with 1,000 bootstrap replications. Three isolates and V. dahliae were in the same group with 100% bootstrap value. The pathogen was thus identified as V. dahliae based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis. Two pathogenicity tests were conducted on 5-day-old and 4-week-old seedlings in the greenhouse. For the first pathogenicity test, the roots of ten 5-day-old seedlings were dipped for 30 min in 100 ml of conidial suspension (106 conidia/ml, LVV1), which was prepared from 20-day-old cultures, and control seedlings were similarly dipped in sterile water. For the second pathogenicity test, the roots of ten 4-week-old seedlings were clipped and submerged in 150 ml of conidial suspension (106 conidia/ml, LVV1) for 30 min. The clipped control seedlings were similarly submerged in sterile water. All inoculated and control seedlings were transplanted into pots with a sterilized mixture of black soil and vermiculite (3:1) and were grown under greenhouse conditions (25°C, 85% humidity, and a 12-h photoperiod). The true leaves of inoculated seedlings of the first pathogenicity test became yellow and necrotic 2 weeks after inoculation. The wilt symptoms were also observed in the second pathogenicity test 5 weeks after inoculation. No symptoms were detected on the control seedlings of both tests. V. dahliae was reisolated from all inoculated plants, thus fulfilling Koch’s postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Verticillium wilt caused by V. dahliae on licorice in China.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References: Fiore, C., et al. 2008. Phytother. Res. 22:141. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2295 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarInderbitzin, P., et al. 2011a. PLoS One 6:e28341. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028341 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarInderbitzin, P., et al. 2011b. PLoS One 6:e18260. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018260 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarNguyen, L., et al. 2014. Mol. Biol. Evol. 32:268. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: This research was financially supported by Gansu Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Science and Technology Research Project (GYC13-04), Lanzhou University Central University Project (lzujbky-2016-181), Key Project at Central Government Level: The Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources (2060302).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 5 May 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionSymptoms observed in the field on zucchini plants caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae (A. Pérez-Hernández et al.). Photo credit: J. M. Gómez-Vázquez. Peach tree with excavated root collar (S. B. Miller et al.). Photo credit: G. Schnabel. Metrics Downloaded 966 times Article History Issue Date: 3 May 2020Published: 8 Mar 2020First Look: 10 Jan 2020Accepted: 5 Jan 2020 Page: 1543 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingGansu Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Science and Technology Research ProjectGrant/Award Number: GYC13-04Lanzhou University Central University ProjectGrant/Award Number: lzujbky-2016-181Key Project at Central Government Level: The Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine ResourcesGrant/Award Number: 2060302Keywordsfungifield cropsoilseeds and legumespathogen detectionThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.

为研究鸭茅的饲用价值,本试验分析了开花期鸭茅草粉的常规营养成分,并选用3头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管,体重为(440±25)kg的健康肉牛作为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法测定鸭茅草粉干物质(DM)、有机物质(OM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)在瘤胃中72 h内的动态降解率,并计算降解参数.结果表明,开花期鸭茅草粉的DM、CP、Ash、NDF、ADF、ADL、EE、Ca、P含量分别为97.87％、14.86％、12.00％、57.86％、33.46％、4.06％、3.06％、0.51％、0.31％;通过瘤胃降解试验得出,开花期鸭茅草粉的DM、OM、CP、NDF和ADF在瘤胃中的有效降解率分别为45.25％、41.91％、64.11％、31.59％、26.81％.鸭茅营养价值较高,可作为反刍动物的优良饲草.

[目的]探讨不同钾肥水平对盆栽现蕾期海法白三叶(Trifolium repens L.cv.Haifa)光合特性、生物量及根系形态的影响.[方法]设置0、60、120、180、240和300 kg/hm2(以K2SO4计算)6个施钾水平处理的盆栽试验,测定海法白三叶植株的光合参数及根系形态指标.[结果](1)施钾60 kg/hm2可显著提高植株叶片的叶绿素含量(P＜0.05),比对照增加11.56％;施钾肥120 kg/hm2可显著提高植株叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率(P＜0.05),分别比对照增加29.04％、45.03％和77.17％,且可有效降低植株叶片的胞间CO2浓度(P＜0.05),比对照减少2.24％.(2)施钾120 kg/hm2可明显提高植株的根干重、地上部干重和根冠比(P＜0.05),分别比对照增加25.55％、17.31％和7.25％.(3)施钾60 kg/hm2可显著提高植株的总根长及根系活力(P＜0.05),分别比对照增加13.10％和29.82％;施钾120 kg/hm2可明显提高植株的总根表面积、总根体积和根系可溶性糖含量(P＜0.05),分别比对照增加33.10％、20.00％和31.00％,但施钾对白三叶根系平均直径的影响不显著(P＞0.05).[结论]在中钾酸性土壤中,种植海法白三叶推荐施钾量为60～120 kg/hm2.

In order to enrich and exploit forage germplasm in China, we examined the agronomic traits and forage potential of Pterocypsela indica 'Dianxi' in Dai-Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture of Dehong in Yunnan. Results showed that 'Dianxi' has good adaptability in the tropical area of Yunnan. The growing period of 'Dianxi ' lasted from 202 to 206 days. In addition, this species has good seeding performance, with a higher seed yield of 94.75 kg·ha-1. The average forage yields of 'Dianxi' in two growing seasons were 2.56 times more than 'Mengzao'. The regeneration and forage-balanced supply of 'Dianxi' were better than those of 'Mengzao', and it can be cut five times per year. In conclusion, P. indica 'Dianxi' has greater potential on grassland establishment and pasture restoration in the tropical area in Yunnan and southern China.