为了弄清硒矿粉中硒的生物有效性,设置了土壤施硒矿粉0、3、5、10、20、25、50 g/kg共7个处理,进行了为期2个月的萝卜苗盆栽试验,测定了萝卜苗硒含量、生物量和维生素C(Vc)、可溶性糖、丙二醛(MDA)、光合色素含量以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性.结果表明,土壤硒矿粉的施用量与萝卜苗硒含量呈极显著正相关,但硒矿粉处理下萝卜苗生物量均显著低于对照;施用10 g/kg的硒矿粉使萝卜苗的Vc和可溶性糖含量较对照分别增加了70％和50％,但最高施用量50 g/kg显著降低了Vc和可溶性糖含量;除对照外,萝卜苗CAT活性与硒矿粉施入量呈极显著正相关;施用硒矿粉10和25 g/kg显著降低了萝卜苗的MDA含量;适量施入硒矿粉能增加萝卜苗叶片光合色素含量,以10 g/kg处理最高,最高施硒处理50 g/kg显著降低了光合色素含量;除25 g/kg处理外,其余处理均显著降低了叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值;在土壤施用硒矿粉条件下,萝卜苗叶片的光合色素含量与其可溶性糖含量呈极显著的线性相关.综上,土壤施硒矿粉能增加萝卜苗的硒含量和CAT活性,适量的施用有利于萝卜苗Vc、可溶性糖、光合色素含量的提升和MDA含量的降低,说明硒矿粉能够通过影响萝卜苗的生理生化代谢过程而影响萝卜苗的生长发育,证明硒矿粉中的硒具有生物有效性,但硒矿粉对萝卜苗生物量的影响还有待于进一步研究.研究结果为硒矿粉资源的农业利用提供了科学依据.

Dipacus asperoides (DA), a traditional perennial herb, has distributed wildly in China, especially Wuhe Xuduan known as genuine herb. To evaluate DA's quality, we collected ten samples from eight counties in Enshi and determined the contents of total saponins (TS) and asperosaponin VI (Asp. VI) using vanillin - glacial acetic acid - perchloric acid with spectrophotometry and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) separately. Subsequently, we carried out the optimization extraction of TS, Asp. VI and several organic acids such as loganic acid (LA), chlorogenic acid (ChA) and caffeic acid (CA) in the cultivated DA root grown at Hefeng and the optimized method was applied to detect the contents of TS, LA, ChA, CA and Asp. VI in flowers, leaves, stem and root of the wild and cultured DA. The results showed that DA grown at Hefeng was superior to the other samples according to the two characteristic components. In addition, grown at the same place of Hefeng, the content of Asp. VI in cultivated DA was 84% higher than that of the wild one. Moreover, leaves and flowers were rich in TS, Asp. VI and some organic acids, second only to that of root, suggesting that flowers and leaves of DA would be employed for further application.

为了认识恩施野生川续断的硒含量及其富硒特征,在恩施地区8个不同硒含量地点采集了川续断植株及其生长地的土壤样品,运用氢化物发生原子荧光法测定了川续断根、茎、叶、花和土壤样品的硒含量,分析了野生川续断的富硒特征.结果表明:①供试川续断样品根、茎、叶、花和土壤样品的硒含量变化范围分别为0.029～94.87、0.008～39.45、0.040～123.14、0.026～143.94和0.6～277.3 mg/kg,且不同部位的硒含量与土壤硒含量均呈极显著的线性相关;②供试川续断样品对硒的生物富集系数和转运系数分别为0.012～0.727和0.279～2.200,均以茎最低;③根据川续断对硒的转运系数可以将所采集的川续断样品分为叶富集型和花富集型,低硒土壤环境下,川续断为叶富集型,高硒土壤环境下,川续断为花富集型;④恩施野生川续断在高硒土壤环境中仍能正常生长,具有较强的富集土壤硒的能力,应属于聚硒植物.本结果对川续断在富硒环境下的培育和开发具有实际意义.

Based on several comprehensive field investigations in Xingdoushan Nature Reserve in Hubei Province from 2013 to 2015,we collected 3 441 plant specimens. According to related origin information records in Flora Hubeiensis,Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae and Flora of China,we found the distribu-tion of 45 new seed plants in Hubei Province,involving 36 genera in 25 families.

为了认识恩施川续断的含硒量状况及其与土壤性质和养分含量的关系,在恩施川续断生长地采集川续断和土壤样品,分析川续断根的含硒量、土壤含硒量、土壤pH、土壤有机质、总氮、碱解氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、总磷、速效磷和速效钾含量.结果表明,恩施川续断根的含硒量在0.02～94.88 mg kg-1之间,最高值是最低值的3271.5倍,土壤含硒量在0.5～277.4 mg kg-1之间,最高值是最低值的488.2倍.川续断根的含硒量与土壤含硒量和有机质含量具有很高的相关性,其中线性、二次函数和对数相关性均达到了极显著水平.川续断含硒量与土壤pH呈极显著的二次函数相关,其余相关性均不显著.在与土壤养分的相关关系中,川续断根含硒量与土壤总磷和速效磷相关性最高,线性、二次函数和对数相关性均达到了极显著水平.川续断根含硒量与各形态氮的相关性不同,与总氮、水解有机氮的相关性差,只有二次函数相关性显著,与无机氮、碱解氮、硝态氮和铵态氮的相关性较高,二次函数相关性均达到了极显著水平.川续断根含硒量与土壤速效钾含量没有显著相关性.总之,恩施川续断能吸收利用土壤中的硒,可在含硒量高达近300 mg kg-1的土壤中正常生长,说明川续断具有很强的耐受硒的能力,应该属于聚硒植物,川续断根的含硒量与土壤性质和养分的相关性和程度随土壤性质类型和养分形态不同而异,因此一般仅用线性关系分析植物组成与土壤性质和养分的关系是不充分的.

Species belong to Gesneriaceae have great potential for developing to potted flower, and are also important breeding resources. There was no report on the intergeneric cross in Gesneriaceaeis, which was the important means of germplasm resources innovation. To investigate the compatibility of intergeneric cross in Gesneriaceae, the intergeneric cross was attempted between different species in Gesneriaceae family, which included Primulina genus, Paraboea genus, Oreo-charis genus, Lysionotus genus, Didymocarpus genus, Glabrella genus, Hemiboea genus and Titanotrichum genus . The fruit-setting was calculated in different interspecific crosses. In addition, hybrid seed germinations were observed. The results were as follows:(1) Species in the different genra and same genus as the female parent, cross with the same male parent all showed significant difference in fruit-setting. (2) Species in the different genra and same genus as the male parent, cross with the same female parent all showed significant difference in cross-compatibility. (3) The differences of fruit-setting be-tween positive and reverse crosses were significant. (4) Mature seeds were easily obtained from intergeneric cross between some species of Oreocharis genus and Hemiboea genus, Chirita genus and Lysionotus genus, Lysionotus genus and Hemiboea genus or Primulina genus, Glabrella genus and Primulina genus or Lysionotus genus. (5) Compatibility of intergeneric cros-ses between sect. Oreocharis, sect. Orthoanthera and sect. Stomactin were observed.

Objective: To develop a GC-MS method for the simultaneous determination of six active constituents ( borneol, isoborneol, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, muscone and benzyl benzoate) in Shexiang Baoxin pills. Methods: A gas chromatogra-phy-mass spectrography (GC-MS) method was adopted using a DB-5 capillary column (30 m × 0. 25 mm,0. 1 μm). The column tem-perature was raised as the following program:the initial temperature was 70℃, maintained for 2 min, raised the temperature (5℃· min-1) to 150℃, maintained for 4 min and then raised the temperature (20℃·min-1) to 260℃, and maintained for 3 min. The range of mass-to-electric charge ratio was 10 to 425. Results:The calibration curves of borneol, isoborneol, cinnamaldehyde, cinnam-ic acid, muscone and benzyl benzoate were linear within the range of 0.022-22.000 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 6),0.024-24.000 μg· ml-1(r=0.999 6),0.028-28.000μg·ml-1(r=0.999 8),0.034-34.000μg·ml-1(r=0.999 6),0.040-40.000μg·ml-1(r=0.999 7) and 0.050-50. 000 μg·ml-1 (r =0.999 9), respectively. The average recovery was 97.20%, 97.40%, 97.53%, 99. 60%, 98. 78% and 98. 27% and RSD was 0. 89%, 1. 18%, 1. 52%, 1. 49%, 0. 79% and 1. 74%(n=6), respectively. Con-clusion:The method is accurate, suitable, convenient and reproducible, which can be used for the quality control of multi components in Shexiang Baoxin pills.

Objective:To develop a method of quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker ( QAMS) for 4 kinds of saponins in spina date seed.Methods:Using jujuboside A as a reference, an HPLC method with a Kromasil C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was applied, the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid (30 ∶70), the flow rate was 1.0 ml · min-1 , the detection wavelength was 280 nm, the column temperature was 32℃and the injection volume was 20μl.The relative cor-rection factors among the four kinds of saponins were detected by QAMS .An external standard method was also used to determine the contents of the four saponins ( Wf ) , and the results were compared with those of QAMS ( Ws ) , and then the relative errors were calcu-lated between W f and Ws to evaluate the accuracy of QAMS , and the reproducibility was investigated as well .Results:The established QAMS was used to determine the four kinds of saponins in spina date seed , and totally 14 batches of spina date seed were determined . No significant differences were found out between the calculated values and the determined ones ( RSD<5%) .Conclusion:The vali-dated HPLC method shows the advantages of precision ,reproducibility and reliability .The established QAMS method is feasible , and suitable for the quality control of saponins in spina date seed .

本文以地方民族院校(湖北民族学院)生物工程专业为研究实例,探讨了"三轮驱动"导向式人才培养改革模式.依托校企共建平台,本着"厚基础、强能力、重技能、高素养、拓口径"的要求,明确专业培养目标和建设重点,按照"分类指导、准确定位、注重内涵、强化特色"的原则,坚持以"面向全体"、"面向全过程"、"面向全方位"为基准,为少数民族地区构建复合技能型生物产业高级人才和区域经济社会转型发展与产业结构调整需要的应用型人才的培养体系.

课外实践是人才培养的一条重要途径。对农林类大学生人才培养方案中的植物相关课程进行课外实践活动探讨,通过植物观察、植物标本制作比赛、生物技能大赛、花卉栽培、植物养护管理等课外实践活动,全面培养大学生的实践动手能力、创新能力及综合素质。

Selenium is an important trace element and soil enzymes are essential indexes of soil biology and fertility,but the effects of selenium on soil enzyme activity have been rarely reported.In order to understand the interaction of selenium and soil enzymes,an incubation experiment by soil selenium addition was conducted to investigate the effects of selenium on soil enzyme activities.The activities of catalase,urase,protease and amylase on the 10th,20th and 30th day after selenium addition were determined.The results showed that soil selenium addition and the incubation time had significant effects on soil enzyme activities.In high level of soil selenium addition（50 mg kg-1）,the activities of soil catalase and urase were significantly suppressed.The activity of soil catalase decreased with incubation time,but the activity of soil urase was significantly higher on the 30th day than that on 10th or 20th day after selenium addition.The effect of selenium on protease varied with the incubation time.In comparison with the control（no selenium addition）,the activity of soil protease was significantly enhanced at 10 mg kg-1 on the 10th day after selenium addition,but on the 30th day after selenium addition,the activity of soil protease was significantly suppressed.The activity of soil amylase was not significantly influenced by soil selenium addition compared with control.In conclusion,the effects of selenium on soil enzymes＇ activities varied with selenium concentrations and the species of soil enzyme,and the soil catalase and urase were the sensitive enzymes,but the amylase was an insensitive enzyme to selenium in soil.

In the paper,various kinds of Amorphophallus are identified through thermo analysis.The TG-DTG curves Amorphaphollus konjac,Amorphaphollus albus and Amorphaphollus hong are investigated by TG-DTG technique in the static air atmosphere.The study shows that different kind of Amorphophallus will be carbonized when the temperature is over 272.8℃、270.8℃ and 265.1℃,and it will be burned when the temperature over is 469℃、476.3℃ and 433.5℃ in the DTG curves.By comparing the characters of DTG curves of samples,the different kind of Amorphophallus is found to have obvious difference.The various kind of Amorphophallus is easy to distinguished according to the peak position of thermo decompose in the DTG curves.

The multiple fruit weight,multiple fruit diameter,multiple fruit length,stipe length and multiple fruit shape coefficient of Dendrobenthamia angustata in southwest Hubei Province were detemined.The results showed:(1)The relevance of other multiple fruit characters to multiple fruit weight is:multiple fruit shape coefficientmultiple fruit diameterstipe lengthmultiple fruit length;(2)The synthetic evaluation of multiple fruit characters of Dendrobenthamia angustata in Huabanxi was ranked first.

Annual seedlings of Dendrobenthamia angustata were planted in two different cultivable mediums.The results indicated that the seedling height,shoot diameter above the ground and the biomass of the seedlings planted in soil culture were obvious higher than that of in the sand culture.The difference lasted 2-3 years.The effects were the most significant in the first year,and the amounts of dissimilarity gradually reduced to the second and the third year.The proportion of stems in vegetative organs was the smallest in the first year,and the biggest in the third year.old seedlings had proportion.The root system of Dendrobenthamia angustata was strong.

In the paper,grade of Konjac powder was appraised using thermo analysis.The TG-DTG curves of Konjac powder of first grade and superfine industry product purified by ethanol was analyzed using TG-DTG technique in the static air atmosphere.The character of DTG curves could become a kind of differentiation method.The study shows that the Konjac powder will be carbonized when the temperature is over 287℃ and it will be burned when the temperature is over 517℃ in the DTG curves.The DTG curves of the Konjac powder of first grade,superfine industry product and the Konjia powder by ethanol was found to be different.The grade of Konjac powder is easy to be distinguished according to the peak position in the DTG curves.

In this experiment,we collected the white rot sclerotia on Amorphopalluskon jac plant.Three pathogenic strains(Sr-01,Sr-02,Sr-03) were isolated successfully.According to the morphologic character and pathogenicity,three strains were identified as Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc,Agonomycetales,Hyphomycetes,Deuteromycotina.

盆栽试验结果表明,在本试验设定的土壤施硒范围内,魔芋叶含硒量为2.648~343.946μg/g,球茎含硒量为1.560~101.906μg/g,呈现叶大于球茎的规律,均与土壤施硒量呈极显著的正相关;魔芋叶、球茎的吸硒量分别为0.012~1.906mg/pot、0.142~9.731mg/pot,呈现球茎大于叶的规律,亦均与土壤施硒量呈极显著的正相关;魔芋叶、球茎的吸硒量占每株魔芋总吸硒量的比例分别为7.89%~16.38%、92.11%~83.62%,这表明球茎的吸硒能力大于叶;魔芋对土壤施硒的利用率为7.26%~15.47%,与某些条件下植物对磷肥的利用率相当。

This paper focuses on experiment with the influence of proportion of material to liquid, extract temperature, extract time, extract frequency on extracting the water-soluble polysaccharide from the Amorphallus konjac.The finding indicates the most appropriate conditions as follows: Expect liquid: 1/100,extract temperature: 90℃, extract time: 2 h, extract frequency: 3.

盆栽试验结果表明,在本试验设定的土壤施硒范围内,白肋烟叶、根、茎的含硒量分别为3.8～210、2.2～57、1.4～42μg/g,呈叶＞根＞茎的分布规律,而且均与土壤施硒量呈极显著的正相关;白肋烟叶、茎、根的吸硒量分别为0.208～11.343、0.143～3.682、0.032～1.000mg/pot,呈现叶＞茎＞根的分布规律,亦均与土壤施硒量呈极显著的正相关:叶、茎、根的吸硒量占烟株总吸硒量的比例分别为54.3%～70.8%、20.8%～37.5%、5.5%～9.5%,说明白肋烟的硒积累能力为叶＞茎＞根;白肋烟对土壤施硒的回收率为8.9%～18.1%.

用新洲黄棕壤进行小麦盆栽试验,设置对照、施硼肥、施石灰、施钙镁磷肥、施钼肥共5个处理;结果表明,施肥钼能促进小麦生长,显著增加总干物质产量和穗重,说明供试土壤缺钼,施钼对小麦具有明显的增产作用.