This research investigated the presence of Burkholderia gladioli pathovar cocovenenans (BGC) in wet rice and starch products, Tremella, and Auricularia auricula in Guangzhou, China. It examined BGC growth and bongkrekic acid (BA) production in wet rice noodles and vermicelli with varying rice flour, edible starch ratios, and oil concentrations. A qualitative analysis of 482 samples revealed a detection rate of 0.62%, with three positive for BGC. Rice flour-based wet rice noodles had BA concentrations of 13.67 +/- 0.64 mg/kg, 2.92 times higher than 100% corn starch samples (4.68 +/- 0.54 mg/kg). Wet rice noodles with 4% soybean oil had a BA concentration of 31.72 +/- 9.41 mg/kg, 5.74 times higher than those without soybean oil (5.53 +/- 1.23 mg/kg). The BA concentration correlated positively (r = 0.707, P < 0.05) with BGC contamination levels. Low temperatures (4 degrees C and -18 degrees C) inhibited BGC growth and BA production, while higher storage temperatures (26 degrees C and 32 degrees C) promoted BGC proliferation and increased BA production. Reducing edible oil use and increasing edible starch can mitigate the risk of BGC-related food poisoning in wet rice noodles and vermicelli production. Further research is needed to find alternative oils that do not enhance BA production. Strengthening prevention and control measures is crucial across the entire production chain to address BGC contamination and BA production.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate possible viral transmission scenarios inside a high-rise building during the Omicron phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.Study design: Cross-sectional study design.Methods: In order to determine the pathogenicity of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, demographic, vaccination and clinical data were collected from COVID-19 positive cases during an outbreak in a high-rise residential building in Shenzhen, China, in early 2022. The pattern of viral transmission inside the building was determined through field investigation and engineering analysis. The results highlight the risk of Omicron infection in high-rise residential buildings.Results: Symptoms of infection with the Omicron variant are predominantly mild. Younger age has a greater impact on the severity of disease than vaccination status. Each floor of the high-rise building investigated contained 7 apartments, numbered 01 to 07, positioned in the same layout on each floor. The drainage system included vertical pipes from the ground to the roof of the building. There were statistically significant differences in infection rates at different time points and incidence ratios between apartment numbers ending in 07 (type 07) and other apartments (P < 0.001). Households with early disease onset were concentrated in apartment type 07 and the severity of their disease was more severe. The incubation period of the outbreak was 5.21-5.31 days and the time-dependent reproduction number (Rt) was 12.08 (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.66, 18.29). Results suggest both non-contact and contact viral transmission may have contributed to the outbreak. The drainage system in the building allows aerosol regurgitation, thus indicating that the structure of the building may have led to spread of the virus from the sewage pipes. Infections in other apartments may have been as result of viral transmission in the elevators and intimate family contact.Conclusions: Results from this study suggest that Omicron transmission was likely to be via the sewage system, supplemented by contact transmission in the stairs and elevators. The environmental spread of Omicron needs to be highlighted and prevented.

猴痘是一种病毒性人畜共患病,临床表现以发热、出诊、淋巴结肿大等症状为主.1970年在刚果民主共和国首次鉴定了人类猴痘病例,此后在刚果盆地和西非农村地区报告了多个病例.2022年5月7日起,英国、澳大利亚、美国等非流行地区出现多发的猴痘疫情.目前已有67个非流行国家报告多例猴痘病例,其中大多数无流行国家旅游史,且已出现了人际传播.世界卫生组织于2022年5月29日将猴痘的全球公共卫生风险评估为中等.本文对猴痘的病原学、流行病学、预防等方面文献进行综述.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate lead contamination in commercial foods in Guangzhou City, and to assess the health risk of dietary lead exposure in the residents.METHODS:Food samples were collected in 11 districts in Guangzhou City from 2017 to 2019.The samples were tested for lead by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The dietary exposure to lead of residents of different age groups in Guangzhou was calculated in combination with the intake of foods from the food consumption survey of Guangzhou residents in 2011, and the margin of exposure(MOE) method was used to evaluate the health risk of the population.RESULTS:A todal of 3130 food samples of 15 categories were collected. The overall lead detection rate was 82.11%, the exceeding rate was 0.13%, and the average lead content was 0.031 mg/kg. The highest lead levels were found in bivalve, edible fungi and flour and flour products. Excessive levels of lead were found in bivalve, eggs and egg products, and flour and flour products. The average daily dietary intake of lead in people aged 3-6, 7-17, 18-59 and over 60 in Guangzhou were 0.368, 0.377, 0.326 and 0.337 μg/kg, respectively. Daily lead exposure of population with high consumption(P95) in various age groups through foods were 1.091, 1.079, 0.906 and 0.925 μg/kg, respectively. Brassica and leafy vegetables, rice and its products and meat were the main sources of dietary lead exposure, accounting for 53.28% of the total dietary lead exposure. The average MOE of lead in all age groups were greater than 1, but the P95 of MOE value of people aged 3-6 and 7-17 were 0.55 and 0.56, respectively, which presented certain health risks.CONCLUSION:There was a certain amount of lead exceeding the standard in commercial foods in Guangzhou. The average level of dietary lead exposure for residents of all ages posed a low risk to population health, but the dietary lead exposure risk of high-food consumers aged 3-6 and 7-17 posed certain health risks that deserve significant attention.

Chloramphenicol has been used in veterinary medicine, where its residues can remain in food of animal origin, thus potentially causing adverse health effects. This facilitated the ban for its use in food-producing animals globally, but its residues have remained ubiquitous. In this study, food commodities possibly contaminated with chloramphenicol, including livestock meat, poultry, edible viscera, fish, shrimp and crab, molluscs, milk, and eggs, were collected from domestic retail shops in all the 11 districts of Guangzhou and tested for its residue. Probabilistic risk assessment model calculations for its dietary exposure, and the margin of exposure (displayed as mean values and 5th percentile to 95th percentile ranges) were performed by using @RISK software based on a Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations. The results indicated the detection of chloramphenicol in 248 out of 1454 samples (17.1%), which averaged to a level of 29.1 μg/kg. The highest average value was observed in molluscs (148.2 μg/kg, with the top value as 8196 μg/kg); meanwhile, based on the dietary structure of a typical Cantonese, pond fish, pork, and poultry meat contributed most (about 80%) to the residents' dietary exposure to chloramphenicol. The margin of exposure for dietary chloramphenicol exposure in Guangzhou residents was 2489, which was apparently below 5000 (the borderline for judging a health risk), particularly low in preschool children (2094, suggesting an increased risk). In conclusion, the study suggests that chloramphenicol exposure in Guangzhou residents is considerable, and its relevant health hazard, especially for preschool children, is worthy of further investigation.

目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎疫点终末消毒工作情况.方法 采用电子调查表方式收集广州市新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例疫点终末消毒工作信息,对消毒前准备、现场消毒操作和重点部位消毒情况进行分析.结果 截至2020年3月14日,广州市11个区针对新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例疫点累计开展终末消毒351次,疫点终末消毒执行率为100％,现场消毒操作流程基本符合疫源地终末消毒工作程序.中心城区执行消毒次数较多,占76.6％;消毒环境以病例家居为主,占76.6％;执行单位中区疾病预防控制中心消毒次数最多,占45.9％;累计消毒面积达26.1万平方米,消毒容积为69.7万立方米.结论 广州市新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例疫点终末消毒工作基本符合规范程序.

目的 了解广州市市售主要食品中镉含量,对广州市3～17岁儿童青少年膳食镉暴露风险进行初步评估.方法 2016-2018年监测广州市共16类2 882份食品镉含量,结合2011年广州市食物消费量调查数据,应用点评估方法,初步评估广州市3～17岁儿童青少年主要膳食的镉暴露风险.结果 广州市市售主要食品中镉平均含量为0.000 4～1.397 5 mg/kg,总检出率为81.37％,其中双壳贝类的镉含量平均值最高,为1.397 5 mg/kg.3～6岁学龄前儿童、7～17岁学龄期儿童青少年主要膳食镉的月平均暴露量分别为17.129 5、13.970 9 μg/kg·BW,安全限值(MOS)均＞1;根据食品化学物高端暴露模型计算,高端暴露量(P95消费量)分别为43.018 2、39.812 7μg/kg·BW,MOS均＜1.3～6岁、7～17岁儿童青少年膳食平均消费水平下镉暴露的主要来源依次为米及米制品、叶菜类和双壳贝类,3类食品累加贡献率分别为72.39％、75.09％;高消费水平下镉暴露的主要来源依次为双壳贝类、米及米制品和叶菜类,3类食品累加贡献率分别达89.01％、91.27％.结论 广州市3～17岁儿童青少年通过日常膳食摄入的镉对健康造成的风险较低,但食物高消费水平下尤其是双壳贝类高摄入人群存在一定的健康风险.应加强重点食品的镉含量监测,倡导平衡膳食和食物摄入的多样性.

目的 了解广州市两栖及爬行类动物食品中霍乱弧菌污染情况,为两栖及爬行类动物食品的卫生监管与霍乱的防控提供参考.方法 根据广州市人口分布情况、地域分布特点、食品生产、流通与消费水平等因素选择广州市5个行政区的超市、农贸/肉菜市场、批发市场及汕头市某养殖场,于2019年3月、5月、8月、10月及11月按随机抽样方法采集两栖及爬行类动物食品(活牛蛙与活甲鱼),参照《霍乱防治手册》的方法要求进行霍乱弧菌的检测.结果 共采集两栖及爬行类动物食品127份,霍乱弧菌总阳性率为4.72％(6/127);蛙类霍乱弧菌阳性率为6.90％(6/87),甲鱼中未检出霍乱弧菌.从采样区域看,阳性样品来自荔湾区、白云区与汕头市;从采样场所看,阳性样品采自农贸/肉菜市场、批发市场及养殖场;从样品产地看,6份阳性样品主要采自本省其他市及省外;从采样时间看,仅10月和11月检出霍乱弧菌;霍乱弧菌阳性样品在不同区域、场所、产地及月份间分布差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);分离到的6株霍乱菌株血清型均为O1群稻叶型,毒力基因(ctxA)为阴性.结论 广州市两栖及爬行类动物食品霍乱弧菌总体污染水平较低,建议加强对蛙类养殖环节的霍乱弧菌污染监测.

[背景]近年来,“网络外卖订餐”深受学生、上班族等各类消费群体的欢迎,已成为广州居民日常生活的一部分.近来,网络外卖食品安全事件频发使之卫生问题成为公众关注的热点,然而网络外卖配送餐的微生物污染状况却不清楚.[目的]了解广州市网络外卖配送餐的微生物污染状况,为网络外卖食品的卫生监管及进一步相关研究提供参考.[方法]2017年3月、6-9月及11月在广州市10个区通过在网络外卖平台订购的方式采集米饭加菜类、寿司手卷类、紫菜包饭类及热汤粉面类4个类别的网络外卖配送餐样品856份,按GB 4789《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验》规定的方法对样品开展菌落总数、大肠埃希氏菌及常见食源性致病菌(沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌与副溶血性弧菌)项目的检测.参照DBS 44/006-2016《广东省食品安全地方标准非预包装即食食品微生物限量》对检验结果进行评价,如样品中任一项目达“不合格”限量标准,则该样品判为不合格.基于广州各区地理位置、人口分布等因素将采样区域分为城区和城郊区,并对结果进行分析.[结果]网络外卖配送餐样品检测微生物不合格率为25.70％ (220/856),样品中大肠埃希氏菌、菌落总数、食源性致病菌不合格率依次为17.52％ (150/856)、14.72％ (126/856)及1.17％(10/856).城区样品检测微生物不合格率[28.78％ (181/629)]高于城郊区[17.18％(39/227)](x2=11.744,P=0.001).不同类别样品间检测微生物不合格率差异有统计学意义(x2=40.481,P=0.001);紫菜包饭类大肠埃希氏菌不合格率最高,达47.96％ (47/98);米饭加菜类菌落总数不合格率最高,为19.93％ (111/557).夏秋季(6-9月)样品检测微生物不合格率[28.67％(164/572)]高于冬春季(3月与11月)[19.72％ (56/284)](x2=7.966,P=0.005).[结论]广州市网络外卖配送餐存在微生物污染,总的卫生状况欠佳.建议加强对网络外卖配送餐的卫生管理与监测.

Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) contamination in foods is an important health challenge for low-and middle-income countries in subtropical regions. AFB 1 has been detected in a variety of foodsin Guangzhou, while the risk of dietary exposure is unknown. This study aimed to assess the probabilistic risk of dietary exposure to AFB 1 contamination in food stuffs in Guangzhou by using margin of exposure (MOE) and quantitative liver cancer risk approaches. A total of1854 AFB 1 -contaminated foodstuffs were sampled in supermarkets, agricultural markets, retail shops, and family workshops from 11 districts of Guangzhou, and AFB 1 content was determined by HPLC-fluorescence detector. In total, 9.9% (184/1854) of the test samples had AFB 1 concentrations above the limit of detection. Home-made peanut oil had the highest AFB 1 concentration, with a mean value of 38.74 ± 47.45 μg kg −1 . The average MOE levels of Guangzhou residents ranged from 100 to 1000. The risk of liver cancer was 0.0264 cancers (100,000 population year) −1 . The health risks of suburban people were higher than those of urban people, and home-made peanut oil was the main contributorto dietary exposure to AFB 1 among suburban residents in Guangzhou. The production of home-made peanut oil should be supervised to reduce the risk of AFB 1 exposure.

目的 了解广州市市售大米镉污染情况,评估镉暴露对居民的健康风险,为确定镉污染监测重点和保障居民膳食安全提供依据.方法 采取分层随机抽样方法,于2014-2019年采集广州市11个区3～4个乡镇(街道)的农贸市场、超市、专卖店和种植户销售的大米.根据GB/T5009.15-2014《食品安全国家标准食品中镉的测定》,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定法检测大米样品中的镉含量,采用单因子污染指数(Pi)评估大米镉污染状况,采用化学致癌物健康风险模型评估镉暴露的健康风险.结果 共采集市售大米600份,检出镉594份,检出率为99.00％.镉含量的中位数为0.093 mg/kg,镉含量超标20份,超标率为3.33％.大米中镉的Pi为0.367～ 0.545,平均值为0.478,污染等级均为优良.2014-2019年广州市居民经食用大米产生的镉暴露个人致癌年风险均值为(2.299～ 3.829)×10-5a-1,平均值为3.221×10-5a-1.结论 2014-2019年广州市市售大米镉含量基本符合国家标准,污染等级均为优良,广州市居民经食用大米摄入镉的健康风险较低.

目的 了解广州市越秀区居民对健康干预的意愿及其影响因素.方法 2017年11-12月,选取曾参与2015年广东省居民慢性病与营养监测调查的广州市越秀区300户家庭18岁及以上的常住居民为调查对象.调查以面对面询问的方式进行,调查内容主要包括:调查对象的基本情况、饮食和生活方式及健康状况改变情况、接受干预的意愿3部分.对获得的资料进行描述性分析,并采用Logistic回归对居民健康干预意愿的影响因素进行分析.结果 在462名调查对象中,男性192人,占41.56％,女性270人,占58.44％,年龄为(52±15)岁.针对膳食行为和其他生活方式的健康干预,152名20～44岁和310名≥45岁年龄段调查对象中,表示愿意接受的分别有79人(51.97％)和146人(47.10％),最愿意接受的干预方式均为微信推送,分别占33.71％和28.57％.对居民健康干预意愿进行多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明:每周外出吃饭次数增加的居民接受健康干预的意愿是不愿意的2.35倍(95％CI 1.12～ 4.92),次数减少者接受干预的意愿为不愿意的2.19倍(95％CI1.33～3.63);每日身体活动减少者接受干预的意愿为不愿意的1.99倍(95％ CI0.99 ～4.01);每日静坐时间增加者对健康干预持无所谓态度的为不愿意的0.35倍(95％CI0.13～0.97).结论 2017年广州越秀区成年居民接受健康干预的意愿较高,在进行干预时,应优先选择时间不受限制,较为灵活的微信干预方式.内容选择上,侧重营养膳食搭配和简单易行、对时间空间低要求的健身方式的推送,以更好的满足居民的需求,取得满意的干预效果.

目的 了解2019年广州市本地种植大米的镉含量,评估本地大米来源的镉暴露风险.方法 2019年采集广州市3个区农户种植的大米,共90份样品.依据GB/T 5009.15-2014《食品中镉的测定》方法检测大米样品镉含量.采用单因子污染指数评价广州市本地种植大米镉污染状况,并采用化学致癌物健康风险模型评估广州市当地居民大米来源的镉暴露风险.结果 90份大米样品中镉的检出率为97.78％,超标率为6.67％,镉含量中位数为0.074 mg/kg;2019年广州市本地种植大米单因子污染指数为0.367,属于优良等级;当地居民经大米摄入镉的健康风险值为3.006×10-5/a,低于国际辐射防护委员会推荐的最大可接受值(5×10-5/a)和美国环境保护署推荐的最大可接受值(1×10-4/a).结论 2019年广州市本地种植大米大部分镉含量处于安全值范围内,但存在个别样品超标;单因子污染指数显示广州市本地种植大米处于优良水平,当地居民通过大米来源的镉暴露风险较低.

目的 了解居民新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)消毒知识和消毒行为基本情况及其影响因素,为普及科学消毒知识,制定有效消毒措施,指导社区居民做好日常消毒工作提供科学依据.方法 2020年3月4-5日,采用自行设计问卷,通过网络调查方法调查居民的人口学特征、消毒知识和消毒行为情况.比较消毒知识得分情况,采用多因素logistic回归分析居民消毒知识得分和使用消毒产品的影响因素.结果 共收集问卷1 735份,有效问卷1 713份,问卷有效率为98.73％.居民消毒知识平均得分为(16.21±3.03).文化程度越高消毒知识得分越高(F=81.112,P＜0.001),家庭主妇消毒知识平均得分低于其它职业(F=13.562,P＜0.001),月收入越高消毒知识平均得分越高(F=28.090,P＜0.001);使用消毒产品的居民消毒知识平均得分高于不使用(F=4.207,P=0.040).多因素分析结果显示女性消毒知识得分低于男性0.777 (0.620 ～ 0.975);高中/中专/大专和本科及以上的消毒知识得分高于初中及以下,OR值和95％CI分别为2.679(1.849 ～ 3.884)和5.387(3.688 ～ 7.867);45 ～ 59岁和≥60岁的消毒知识得分高于≤29岁,OR值和95％CI分别为1.615(1.194～2.184)和1.644(1.078～2.508).对于消毒产品的使用方面,多因素分析结果显示女性、30 ～ 44岁、企业人员和其它人员更多使用消毒产品,OR值和95％CI分别为1.469(1.045 ～2.066)、1.635(1.101 ～ 2.427)、2.356(1.418 ～3.912)和2.102(1.279 ～ 3.454).另外,有93.87％的居民对消毒剂的选择、使用和安全性等知识有需求.结论 居民消毒知识水平整体较高,但依旧存在部分误区,应根据不同人群特征进行消毒知识、消毒产品使用和消毒需求方面有针对性的健康教育.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的了解居民新冠病毒疫情期间过度消毒的需求及影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,通过网络问卷于2020年3月对1 731名居民进行调查,采用分类和回归树模型对过度消毒需求影响因素进行分析。结果共回收有效问卷1 731份,总体过度消毒需求率为57.65%,年龄≤20岁、初中及以下文化程度、月收入&lt;2 000元、消毒知识得分≤2分者过度消毒需求率分别为76.92%、77.78%、70.37%和76.47%,婚姻情况为已婚、传播途径认知正确和口罩正确重复使用者的过度消毒需求率分别为55.00%、50.68%和53.95%。不同年龄、文化程度、月收入、消毒知识得分、婚姻情况、传播途径认知及口罩是否正确重复使用者过度消毒需求率差异均有统计学意义（均P &lt;0.05）,分类树回归共产生5个决策节点和6个终节点,其中易感人群认知=正确、学历=本科及以上、口罩重复使用=正确、消毒知识得分&lt;5分、未婚的RR值最高,为1.399（95%CI=1.083～1.807）。结论居民存在过度消毒的需求,文化程度低者、未婚人群过度消毒需求较高。</span>

Lead exposure is associated with a wide range of adverse effects on human health. The principal exposure route in the general population is through the diet. In this study, we estimate the dietary lead intake and associated health risks among the residents of Guangzhou, China. Data on lead concentrations were derived from the food safety risk monitoring system, which included 6339 samples from 27 food categories collected in 2014–2017. Food consumption data were taken from a 2011 dietary survey of 2960 Guangzhou residents from 998 households. Dietary lead intake was estimated by age group (3–6, 7–17, 18–59, and ≥60 years), and relevant health risks were assessed using the margin of exposure (MOE) method. The mean and 95th percentiles (P95) of dietary lead intake were respectively 0.7466 and 2.4525 μg/kg body weight per day for preschool children aged 3–6 years; 0.4739 and 1.5522 μg/kg bw/day for school children aged 7–17 years; 0.3759 and 1.1832 μg/kg bw/day for adults aged 18–59 years; and 0.4031 and 1.3589 μg/kg bw/day for adults aged ≥60 years. The MOE value was less than 1 for preschool children at the mean exposure level and for all age groups at the P95 exposure level. Rice and its products, leafy vegetables, and wheat flour and its products were found to be the primary food sources of lead exposure. Our findings suggest that the health risk from dietary lead exposure is low for Guangzhou residents overall, but that young children and consumers of certain foods may be at increased risk. Continued efforts are needed to reduce the dietary lead exposure in Guangzhou.

The following paper investigates the prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic norovirus infection in the population living around oyster farm sites. Two consecutive surveys were conducted from January 2014 to December 2014 and 4549 stool samples were screened during the same time period. The total asymptomatic infection rate was 4.04% (184/4549). Norovirus infection rate was 5.20% in oyster farming population which was significantly higher compared with non-farming population where the infection rate was 3.65% (χ2 = 5.49, P < 0.05). A total of 184 NoV positive samples were identified by real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and semi-nested RT-PCR and 136 sequences were obtained. The sequences were clustered into 14 genotypes. GI strains were clustered into six genotypes, including GI.2, GI.3, GI.5, GI.6, GI.8 and GI.9; while GII strains were clustered into GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.5, GII.6, GII.8 and GII.13. GI.9 and GII.17 were the predominant and most prevalent genotypes, respectively. The GII.17 genotype replaced GII.4 becoming the dominant genotype in the oyster farming area in 2014. To sum up, long-term monitoring of asymptomatic infection is crucial for the detection of new variant strains and for identifying outbreaks during the early stage.

Objective: Evaluate GII.4 norovirus infection and blocking effects of serum antibodies against HBGAs binding to GII.4 norovirus of population in oyster culture area, provide references for screening of fully human monoclonal antibody. Methods: Using a random survey method to collect blood and saliva samples in oyster culture area, select serum samples from the inland region of Guangdong as control group. Identification of salivary HBGA receptor phenotype and detection of serum antibody levels between two areas by ELISA. A vitro neutralization model was to determine the efficiency of serum antibodies blocking GII.4 norovirus and HBGA receptors binding. Results: The age were (50.68 ± 15.17), (52.52 ± 15.90) and (51.37 ± 13.32) years old of 2015, 2016 in experimental group, and in control group, respectively. Males accounted for 5.9% (70/195), 36.6%(60/164), 40.8% (69/169) (χ(2)=0.93, P=0.334). The mean value of serum antibodies Absorbance value was 2.521±0.05 of 2015 and was 2.583±0.045 of 2016 in oyster culture area, the mean value was 2.249±0.05 in control group, there was a statistical difference among three group (F=13.28, P<0.001). The antibody prevalence in the three groups was 100%. BT50 geometric mean titer (GMT) of oyster culture area in 2015 was 423.1±40.11, culture group was 248.2±25.63, there was a statistical difference (t=3.73, P<0.001). Conclusion: The population in oyster culture area does have more chance of exposure and infection GII.4 norovirus, Serum antibody of blocking ability in oyster culture areas is better than the general population in inland city. Suggesting that the population is more immunity resistant infected GII.4 norovirus.

Objective To evaluate the diet quality of 18 ～ 64-year-old residents in Guangzhou using adjusted Chinese Diet Balance Index,and to provide a scientific basis for nutrition intervention.Methods According to the Chinese dietary guidelines (2016) and the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes(2013),the adjusted diet balance index was established on the foundation of the Chinese Diet Balance Index.The data of 2008 adults aged 18-64 who had finished the dietary survey and personal basic investigation in 2011 were used.Dietary quality was evaluated by adjusted diet balance index.Results The dietary quality of residents aged 18 ～ 64 years in Guangzhou was in moderate imbalance (DQD =33.7 ± 7.1) and the main problem was inadequate dietary intake(LBS =26.6 ± 7.7).The extent of dietary imbalance was worse in male,residents aged 40-49 years and people with secondary education.The intake of milk,fruits and legumes was the most insufficient and people who met the recommended intake level were 6.7％,14.1％ and 28.4％ respectively.Meanwhile,excessive intakes also existed among people in the investigation and 83.8％ people took livestock and poultry meat exceeding the recommended amount.Conclusion The dietary pattern of 18 ～64-year-old residents in Guangzhou is not reasonable.Both insufficient and excessive dietary intakes exist.Education on balance diet should be conducted to improve nutrition and health status of Guangzhou residents.

OBJECTIVE:To have an insight into the prevalence tendency caused by Noroviruses( NoVs) in population of oyster farming areas, and evaluate the early warning signification of acute gastroenteritis( AGE) monitoring.METHODS:Between January and December in 2014, a retrospective household survey of AGE during past four weeks was conducted to residents using multi-stage sampling in oyster farming areas. Norovirus capsid genome was detected using real-time RT-PCR and semi-nested PCR, sequenced and phylogenetic analyzed.RESULTS:A total of 75 cases of AGE were reported. The incidence rate was 0. 10 per person-year, the detection rate of norovirus was 20. 0%( 15 /75). The dominant epidemic No Vs strain in oyster farming was still GII. 4 Sydney 2012. Furthermore, a newly GII. 17 variant was detected and early in March 2014.CONCLUSION:The GII. 4 Sydney 2012 genotype is still prevalent strain that caused AGE currently in the community residents of oyster farming areas. NoVs GII. 17 variant was found in sporadic patients of sentinel hospital AGE monitoring in March 2014 that have an early warning effect to the outbreaks of winter in 2014.