We studied the reproductive function of albino male rats after long-term exposure to wildfire smoke and the species-specific behavior of their sexually mature offspring. After the end of exposure, the mean number of spermatogonia and the relative number of Leydig cells in rat testes decreased and the index of spermatogenesis decreased. The offspring of exposed males mated with intact females demonstrated impaired cognitive abilities and disturbances of species-specific behavior. The severity of these changes depended on time interval between the end of the inhalation exposure and mating.

Introduction. Due to their high biocompatibility, substances based on nanosized selenium particles, encapsulated in natural or synthetic polymer matrices, are promising materials for the creation of biomedical preparations of diagnostic and therapeutic value. Selenium nanoparticles are successfully used in the diagnosis of various types of cancer. In addition to the diagnostic value, selenium nanoparticles have their own prophylactic and oncological effect. This paper presents the results of a study of the toxicity of the Se nanocomposite encapsulated in the polymer matrix of arabinogalactan (SeAG). The emergence and development of the pathological process in the tissue of the brain, liver and kidneys during subacute administration of this nanocomposite was studied.Materials and methods. Twenty white outbred male rats weighing 200–220 g were used in the work. Animals were orally administered a solution of the selenium nanocomposite at a dose of 500 μg per kilogram of animal body weight for 10 days. Then, using the methods of histological analysis, the severity of the biological response of the organism to the introduction of this nanocomposite was assessed. An analysis of the state of the tissue of the liver, kidneys and the sensorimotor cortex of the brain was carried out.Results. With the intragastric administration of this drug, there is stasis of blood in the portal tracts, a pronounced macrophage reaction and diapedesis of leukocytes in the liver tissue. There is a decrease in the number of normal neurons per unit area, a decrease in the number of astroglia cells and an increase in the number of degeneratively altered neurons in the tissue of the sensorimotor cortex. There is also an increase in connective tissue in the cortex of the kidney, with the formation of fibrosis and a decrease in the area of the Shumlyansky – Bowman capsule.Conclusion. The effect of the investigated nanocomposite is characterized by the development of a pronounced pathological process in the central nervous and hepatorenal systems of the body.

The results of a study on rats toxicity of nanoparticles of metals bismuth, gadolinium and silver encapsulated in a natural biopolymer matrix arabinogalactan are presented. When intake of nanocomposite of silver revealed the readiness of the brain cell to apoptosis. The effect of bismuth and gadolinium nanocomposites did not cause an increase in the process of programmed cell death.

Introduction. In recent years, magnetic nanoparticles, which can simultaneously have a therapeutic effect on the pathological focus, are used to magnify contrast enhancement and increase diagnostic sensitivity during magnetic resonance therapy (MRT). The last is carried out by the effective capture of neutrons, which among all the chemical elements is most pronounced in gadolinium. The use of gadolinium nanoparticles encapsulated in a polymeric matrix allows increasing the bioavailability of nanoparticles, reduces the possible toxicity of drugs. Aim. Evaluation of impact of new nanocomposite magnetically active metal complex gadolinium system on the morphofunctional state of the nervous tissue, liver, and kidney of rats. Material and methods. Experimental studies of biological effects of gadolinium-arabinogalactan nanocomposite (Gd-AG) were carried out on rats that were injected intraperitoneally for 10 days at the dose of 500 μg/kg in 0.5 ml of saline. Animals were sacrificed by decapitation under light ether anesthesia the next day after the end of exposure. To perform pathological studies, frontal sections of the temporal-parietal zone of the sensorimotor cortex, liver and kidney tissues were stained on ordinary histological glass slides with hematoxylin and eosin for viewing microscopic picture. The immunohistochemical method was used to determine the activity of the bcl-2, caspase-3 and hsp70 modulatory protein in apoptosis of white rats in brain neurons and to study the biological response of the organism at the subcellular level. Results. Histological analysis of tissues revealed a pronounced compensatory response of liver, a violation of the functional activity of kidneys. A decrease in the total number of normal neurons per unit area in brain tissue and an increase in the number of acts of neuronophagy indicate the initial stage of neurodegenerative process. Evaluation of the intracellular metabolism of neurons has not established the presence of signs characteristic of apoptotic process. Conclusion. The subacute effect of Gd-AG in a dose of 500 µg/kg causes a disturbance of morphofunctional state of liver, kidneys and nervous tissue, as well as modulation of cellular proteomics.

The purpose of research is the assessment of the individual cancer risk (ICR) for workers of the basic occupations in key branches of industry of the Irkutsk region. There was executed the calculation of ICR levels for workers of the basic occupations of the aircraft industry, aluminum smelters and vinyl chloride production plants. The estimation of the exposure for workers was carried out according to long-term time-weighted average concentrations in the air of the working area, for the population - on annual average concentrations in the ambient air. To assess the risk that is not associated with the profession, the dose was calculated for the period of life (70 years). When calculating the toxicant doses in the working area there were used the “standard” indices ofpulmonary ventilation for adults, body weight, the work experience in the contact with carcinogens of 30 years, the number of days in the contact of 240, the duration of the working time 8 or 12 hours (in accordance with the working hours) duration. ICR for the Irkutsk population amounted of 3.08E-04, in Shelekhov - 4.8E-05, Sayansk - 1.1E-05. The amount of risk depends on the content offormaldehyde in all territories and chromium VI in cities of Irkutsk and Shelekhov. ICR for workers of basic occupations of studied plants in dozens of times are higher than for the urban population. Priority carcinogens are: chromium VI, nickel, formaldehyde, silicon dioxide -for the aircraft plant employees; 1,2-dichloretan, vinyl chloride - for the workers of vinyl chloride production plant; benzopyrene - for the aluminum smelter workers.

Formaldehyde is the one of the most dangerous toxic substances to human health. The purpose of research is to evaluate the functional state of the central nervous system in children with different levels of excretion of formaldehyde. There were examined 220 children (100 boys and 120 girls) aged of 11-17 years. There was used a complex of psychophysiological methods allowing to study cognitive features, power and performance of the central nervous system. Among the cognitive functions there were studied: gnosis (the perception and processing of information); sensorimotor coordination, attention. The formaldehyde concentration in urine was found to be in the range of values of conditional norms. Children were distributed into three groups in dependence on the formaldehyde concentration in urine. Children with the lowest level of excretion of formaldehyde were noted to possess an average speed of visual-motor reaction, a high level of sensorimotor coordination, middle level of the volume, distribution and shiftability of attention. In children with intermediate values of formaldehyde there were revealed the functional level of the system assessed as low, impaired performance of the CNS and sensorimotor coordination, shiftability of attention below average. The functional state of the central nervous system in children with the most high urinary excretion of formaldehyde, corresponding to the upper range of values, was differed by the low functional level of the system, decreased performance and sensorimotor coordination, volume, distribution and shiftability of attention below average level. In children from this group there was established the negative correlation between the concentration of formaldehyde in the urine and indices of the tapping test (the number of taps, the initial rate of speed). The tests revealed psychophysiological signs of the deterioration in the functional state of the central nervous system in children with the increasing of formaldehyde concentration in the urine.

Introduction. The importance of attracting to predict the development of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) nonspecific indices of violations of the basic functional systems, for which the dose or exposure dependences can be clearly established, is shown. There is shown the importance of attracting non-specific indices of violations of the main functional systems of the body, for which dose or exposure dependencies can be clearly established to predict the development of vibrational disease (VD) due to a local vibration. Material and methods. The studies were carried out on the information array of personalized indices of the functional systems in aircraft production workers exposed to local vibration. There was used a multiplicity of exceeding the maximum dose of vibration as an index of the vibration effect during the work. Information-entropy modeling was used to predict the risk of changes in functional systems formation. Results. Analysis of calculations in different variants of diagnostic models allowed drawing a conclusion that the pathological indices of the main activity of the brain and thyroid system made the greatest contribution (82.6%) to HAVS formation among the studied combinations. In the model with the consideration of the indices of the main activity of the brain and the thyroid system, an increase in the equivocation of the system to almost 100% were and by 3 times increasing differences between the coefficients of redundancy characterizing the relative organization of the system in the norm and pathology were noted. Conclusion. The conducted studies have allowed substantiating the high importance of non-specific indices of the pathogenesis of HAVS (Central nervous system and thyroid systems), which opens up opportunities to attract them to the structure of the model, taking into account the dose of local vibration. It is proposed to consider the expansion of the information base with the involvement in the model, along with indices of the specific link of the pathogenesis of HAVS and indices of its nonspecific link.

Introduction. The importance of attracting to predict the development of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) nonspecific indices of violations of the basic functional systems, for which the dose or exposure dependences can be clearly established, is shown. There is shown the importance of attracting non-specific indices of violations of the main functional systems of the body, for which dose or exposure dependencies can be clearly established to predict the development of vibrational disease (VD) due to a local vibration. Material and methods. The studies were carried out on the information array of personalized indices of the functional systems in aircraft production workers exposed to local vibration. There was used a multiplicity of exceeding the maximum dose of vibration as an index of the vibration effect during the work. Information-entropy modeling was used to predict the risk of changes in functional systems formation. Results. Analysis of calculations in different variants of diagnostic models allowed drawing a conclusion that the pathological indices of the main activity of the brain and thyroid system made the greatest contribution (82.6%) to HAVS formation among the studied combinations. In the model with the consideration of the indices of the main activity of the brain and the thyroid system, an increase in the equivocation of the system to almost 100% were and by 3 times increasing differences between the coefficients of redundancy characterizing the relative organization of the system in the norm and pathology were noted. Conclusion. The conducted studies have allowed substantiating the high importance of non-specific indices of the pathogenesis of HAVS (Central nervous system and thyroid systems), which opens up opportunities to attract them to the structure of the model, taking into account the dose of local vibration. It is proposed to consider the expansion of the information base with the involvement in the model, along with indices of the specific link of the pathogenesis of HAVS and indices of its nonspecific link.

The solution of modern problems of occupational health and human ecology not only gives the possibility of implementating measures aimed at improving the health of workers, but also determines the future quality of life of the population. Implementation of basic research focused on the study of the pathogenesis of leading occupational and environmentally related diseases, and the development of scientific and practical measures to improve methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention remain the main activities of the Institute and meet the priorities of the strategy of scientific and technological development of the country and the key objectives of Decree of the President of the Russian Federation from May 7, 2018.The results of long-term studies of the Institute on the infl uence of a number of toxicants (mercury, lead, vinyl chloride and a complex of toxic neurotropic substances formed in fi res) allowed for the fi rst time to develop scientifi c and methodological bases for modeling toxic encephalopathy. Th e features of the formation of violations of bioelectric activity of the brain, revealed violations of metabolic and myogenic mechanisms of regulation of cerebral blood fl ow and elastic-tonic properties of arteries. Studies have allowed to develop a classifi cation of intoxication complex neurotropic toxic substances, methods of predicting their development. Presents a study of possibility of formation in persons with chronic mercury intoxication as an independent professional disease — ophthalmoergonomics. Proved the concept of autoimmunological progressive course occupational toxic encephalopathy. For the fi rst time it was established that silver nanoparticles encapsulated in a natural polymer matrix — arabinogalactan — can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and persist for a long time in the nervous tissue, causing progressive morphological and functional disorders of its cellular and intracellular organization. Th e necessity to develop new methodological approaches to the assessment of safety. An experimental model for the evaluation of neurotoxic properties of nanocomposites has been developed.When studying the eff ect of vibration on the body, it was found that in patients with vibration disease in the post-contact period (aft er the termination of work with a vibration tool), previously formed foci of pathological activity and changes in bioelectric activity with interhemispheric asymmetry persist for a long time. Th e General regularities of changes in the Central aff erent conductive structures and peripheral nerves caused by neurochemical shift s in certain specialized structures of the nervous tissue were establis hed. Th e article presents materials on the impact of industrial emissions on the morbidity of children. When studying the response of the adaptive reactions of the organism to the immune chronic exposure revealed the gradual changes in the indices of immunity.

Introduction. The production of primary aluminum is one of the leading and belonging to the category of an increased health hazard for workers in the economy, which requires close attention to working conditions while modernizing production technology. Material and methods. The research methodology included a comprehensive study of working conditions and assessment of priority occupational risk factors, an in-depth study of the morphology, dispersed and component composition of dust and gas components air-suspended at different technologies of electrolysis of aluminum. Results. The leading production factors of occupational risk, degrees are fluorine-containing compounds, dust and gas-aerosol mixtures in the form of separate and assembled into agglomerates micro- and nanostructured particles of complex chemical composition (fluorine, carbon, aluminum, sodium, oxygen, silicon, iron, sulfur, chromium, nickel, etc.), unfavorable microclimate, electromagnetic field, noise, vibration, physical loads, which are related to the 3rd (harmful) class of 1 to 3 degree. Discussion. Modernization of aluminum production with the introduction of technology of pre-baked anodes allows significantly improve working conditions, reduce the admission of harmful chemical substances into the air of the working area, with the exception of hydrofluoride, the concentration of which exceeds extremely permissible levels in 1.5-3.1 times. Noteworthy is the fact of the detection of aerosols of disintegration and condensation, including particles of nanoscale range, impurities of heavy metals in the air. The consequences of the effect of such complex combination mixtures, their combined effects with other factors on the body, can have pronounced negative effects, which is important with adequate exposure analysis and personalized assessment of the health risks of workers engaged in the production of aluminum. Conclusion. Working conditions at workplaces with the technology of self-baking anodes are characterized by moderate or severe professional risk, with the technology of pre-baked anodes - mild or moderate risk, which makes the urgent problem of further improvement of aluminum production technologies, detailed analysis of personal exposures of harmful substances for a correct assessment of the health risk of workers, is relevant.

Introduction. The vibration disease takes one of the leading places in the structure of the occupational morbidity in the Irkutsk region, its specific weight accounted of 21.1-35.9% of all newly revealed cases of occupational diseases in different years. The purpose of the study is to investigate the socio-psychological features and manifestations of the vibration disease clinical syndromes in local vibration-exposed employees in the dynamic of observation. Material and methods. The assessment of working conditions of employees in the aircraft enterprise, a coherent dynamic clinical and sociopsychological examination in employees with the occupational disease which continuing their work was carried out. Results. Working conditions have not been changed; the levels of the occupational and labor process factors have remained the same in the dynamic. Clinical manifestations of vibration disease and neurosensory hearing loss, which is the second (accompanying) occupational disease, were shown to be aggravated in patients continuing to work in contact with local vibration. A significant prevalence of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and the circulatory system has been revealed. High levels of the personal and situational anxiety, hypochondriacal traits, instability of emotional state, the rigid stereotype of behavior-oriented to caring about physical well-being are registered in patients. A reduction of health-related quality of life scores characterizing the role of physical and emotional functioning has been established, that indicates the limitations in the performance of daily work due to the deterioration of the emotional state. Discussion. The significant prevalence of diseases of the musculoskeletal and circulatory systems in vibration disease patients is associated with both the irritating effect of the actual vibration and the severity of the work process and significant physical overloads. The study results of the psycho-emotional status, the health-related quality of life in vibration disease patients allow assuming a significant effect of the pain syndrome on the emotional state, decrease of the health-related quality of life, which is consistent with the other authors’ studies. Conclusion. The study results show that it is necessary to remove workers from contact with vibration if the initial manifestations of vibration disease appear. Also, it is necessary to revise approaches to the secondary prevention of vibration disease, which should be aimed at preserving residual work capacity and medical and psychological adaptation of patients.

Production of vinyl chloride (VC) is one of the largest world production of volume organic chemical intermediates, consumption of which, according to estimates from 2015 to 2020 will grow. Currently, the VC production involving more than 2 million people, the risk of formation of occupational and industrial-caused diseases might be significant. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the status of the immune reactivity of the organism of workers of different professional and experienced groups in the modern VC production to justify informative immunological criteria of the occupational health risk. There were performed the laboratory and immunological study of 77 men working in the VC production. The paper considers the regularities of formation of compensatory-adaptive immune responses in working in the VC production depending on the intensity and duration of exposure to adverse production factors. There is a more pronounced imbalance in the immune system workers of the main occupations (operatives, technicians) with long (10 or more years) experience. It characterized by a decrease in IL-2, IL-4, IgM and increased the production of IL-8, INF-α, TNF-α. The engineering staff experiencing less stress by toxicants, showed the compensatorily increased production of IL-1β and decrease of IgA and also unidirectional, but less pronounced changes in the content of IL-8, INF-γ. There is the relationship between the development of disorders in the immune system of workers in various occupational groups and the level of occupational risk for these specialties. Substantiated informative immunological parameters for the early detection of functional disorders of immune regulation underlying the formation of various diseases are necessary for the timely implementation of effective prevention programmes. Thus, the state of the immune reactivity of the body reflects the level of the adaptation potential of employees of various professions and experienced groups and may be an integrated assessment of the risk of violations of occupational health. The implementation of methods of immunodiagnostics will as predict and identify the disease at the early stages of its development that can optimize the resistance of the organism involved in the VC production as reducing the incidence.

В материалах описан процесс синтеза нанокомпозитов селена и теллура на полимерной матрице — арабиногалактан. Представлена детализация их физико-химических и биологических свойств. Исследования параметров острой токсичности и половой чувствительности к нанокомпозиту селена с арабиногалактаном показали: при остром внутрижелудочном пути поступления нанокомпозит характеризуется как вещество, имеющее низкую опасность острой токсичности, отсутствуют различия в половой чувствительности животных. При исследовании биологических свойств нанокомпозитов Te и Se с арабиногалактаном изучены концентрационные зависимости цитотоксичности композитов для клеток культур человека HEp-2 и ECV-304, а также фибробластов почки зеленой мартышки (Vero B). Установлено, что нанокомпозиты Te и Se демонстрировали у всех исследованных культур разную зависимость цитотоксичности от концентрации. Показано, что нанокомпозит арабиногалактана с элементным селеном обладает бактерицидным эффектом по отношению к возбудителю кольцевой гнили картофеля Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus.

This paper reports the synthesis of nanocomposites of selenium and tellurium on a polymer matrix: arabinogalactan. Their physicochemical and biological properties are presented in detail. Studies of the parameters of acute toxicity and sex sensitivity to the nanocomposite of selenium and arabinogalactan show the following. The nanocomposite is characterized as a substance with a low acute toxicity hazard in the acute intragastric route of entry; no differences in the sex sensitivity of animals are revealed. The concentration dependences of the cytotoxicity of composites for human HEp-2 and ECV-304 cell cultures, as well as the green monkey kidney fibroblasts (Vero B), are studied during the investigation of biological properties of the nanocomposites of Te and Se with arabinogalactan. It is found that the Te and Se nanocomposites exhibit a different dependence of cytotoxicity on the concentration in all cultures studied. The nanocomposite of arabinogalactan with elemental selenium is shown to have a bactericidal effect against the causative agent of the ring rot of potato Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus.

Comparative evaluation covered work conditions in contemporary sulphate cellulose productions with various levels of mechanization and automation. Findings are that major work hazards for cellulose production workers are: polluted workplace air with chemical complex (methylsulphurous compounds, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, alkaline aerosol) in concentrations exceeding MAC, heating microclimate, noise. Levels of workplace air pollution with chemical hazards and transitory disablement morbidity parameters are considerably lower in highly automated production.

Nowadays each forth person suffers from allergic diseases and allergic pathology prevalence is constantly growing. There are compounds in air which are generally toxic, or have sensitizing or allergenic effects on a body. For example, we can name formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide. Our research goal was to reveal a correlation between reaction of leucocytes migration inhibition to formaldehyde and level of inhalation exposure to the examined chemicals. We examined 410 teenag-ers who permanently lived in industrial cities in Irkutsk region. We studied individual load as per formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide. We estimated eosinophils content in nasal mucus and determined indexes of leucocytes migration inhibition to for-maldehyde. Index of formaldehyde effects danger was detected to exceed 1 in 54% teenagers. The greatest value of danger coefficient in terms of exposure to this substance was equal to 1.76. anger index in terms of exposure to nitrogen dioxide didn't exceed 0.7 in the examined teenagers. The obtained results prove that inhalation formaldehyde load influences teenag-ers from industrial centers as sensitization to this substance evolves in them. We found out that true inhibition reaction of leucocytes migration in a reaction with formaldehyde more frequently occurred in people with danger index in terms of ex-posure to this substance being lower than 1. We obtained models which described correlation between level of sensitization to formaldehyde and a number of eosinophils in nasal mucus and it allowed us to detect that sensitization depended on the examined contaminants content in the air. The sensitization to chemical air contaminants which we revealed in teenagers calls for necessary activities aimed at reducing risks of allergenic pathology evolvement in them.

A method is proposed for determining formaldehyde by headspace gas chromatography using an o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine (PFBHA) derivatizing agent. Formaldehyde in urine was derivatized to o-(pentafluorobenzyl)oxime and extracted by heating an urine sample with PFBHA in a sealed vial. Gas-chromatographic analysis of the headspace was performed in the temperature-programmed mode using an HP-5 capillary column with a flame ionization detector. The limit of detection is 3.5 μg/L. The accuracy of the procedure, equivalent to an extended relative uncertainty, does not exceed 21%. The examination of the procedure using urine samples of the population of the Irkutsk region has shown that the regional reference levels of formaldehyde concentration are in the range 44–83 μg/L.