Тhe search for new materials with high conductivity and biocompatibility for use in biosensors is an important task. One promising material is bacterial cellulose (BC) due to its high surface area, high porosity, and biocompatibility. In this study, bacterial cellulose is modified with the PEDOT:PSS conductive gel and carbon nanomaterials to increase conductivity. Thermally expanded graphite/BC/PEDOT:PSS/graphene composition is used to immobilize Gluconobacter oxydans acetic-acid bacteria on the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode. The effect of individual components of the composite on the catalytic activity of bacteria in the presence of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol redox mediator is studied. The addition of BC to the composition provides a higher stability of the electrode: the drop in signal within 35 days is 9%. A microbial biosensor based on TEG/PEDOT:PSS/Graphene/BC/ G. oxydans composite show better sensitivity (36.4 µA mM –1 cm –2 ) and lower detection limit (0.005 mM) as well as the widest linear detection range (0.005–2 mM) compared to the other compositions. Thus, bacterial cellulose modified with conductive additives can be applied as a matrix for the immobilization of bacteria in microbial biosensors and microbial fuel cells.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by the Komagateibacter sucrofermentas VKPM B-11267 bacteria was used as a carrier for immobilization of acetic acid bacteria Gluconobacter oxydans in amperometric biosensors. The bioreceptor was formed on the surface of a screen-printed graphite electrode modified with thermally expanded graphite (TEG) or on the surface of a porous three-dimensional material, nickel foam (NF). Structural features of these materials contributed to the creation of a firm contact between the electrode material and the surface of the BC on which the bacterial cells were immobilized. Scanning electron microscopy showed that bacteria not only sorb on the surface of BC but are also able to penetrate the inner volume of the film. Conductivity of both types of biosensors was studied using impedance spectroscopy and the resistance of the graphite electrode was shown to decrease by three orders of magnitude after its surface is modified with TEG. Bioelectrodes containing BC were used in the construction of an amperometric biosensor for glucose determination. The sensitivity of the biosensor was 3 μA/mM × cm2. Thus, BC in combination with TEG and NF can be used to create three-dimensional electrodes of bioelectrocatalytical devices.

Currently there are several effective synthetic methods for preparing various N-mono- and N,N-dialkylated imidazole derivatives with a very wide variety of biological activities including antiplatelet and anticoagulation effects. The present work reports N-mono- and N,N-dialkylation of 2-methyl-, 2-ethyl-, and 4-nitroimidazoles using (adamantyl-1)bromomethylketone. The synthesized compounds were identified by elemental analyses and PMR and IR spectroscopy. Five compounds having antiplatelet properties were found in in vitro investigations of the antiplatelet and anticoagulation activity in blood of healthy volunteers. The anticoagulation effects of these compounds on the maximum aggregation amplitude were comparable with that of acetylsalicylic acid and even exceeded it with respect to the duration of inhibition of the platelet release reaction.

В настоящее время существует ряд эффективных синтетических методов, позволяющих получать различные N-моно- и N,N-диалкилированные производные имидазола, обладающие весьма широким спектром биологической активности, в том числе антиагрегационным и антикоагуляционным действием. В ходе данной работы было осуществлено N-моно- и N,N-диалкилирование 2-метил-, 2-этил- и 4-нитроимидазолов с использованием (адамантил-1)бромметилкетона. Идентификация вновь синтезированных веществ проводилась на основании результатов элементного анализа, ЯМР 1Н и ИК-спектроскопии. Лабораторные исследования, проведенные с изолированной кровью здоровых добровольцев, выявили 5 соединений, проявляющих антиагрегантные свойства. Эти соединения оказывали антиагрегационный эффект, сравнимый по влиянию на максимальную амплитуду агрегации с ацетилсалициловой кислотой и превосходящий его по времени ингибирования реакции высвобождения тромбоцитов.

The Gluconacetobacter sucrofermentas bacterial cells are immobilized in a chitosan gel on the surface of an electrode obtained by matrix printing. The nature of the change in the bioelectrochemical parameters of the immobilized bacteria under the influence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are studied. We studied the electrochemical signals of cells upon the introduction of substrates (glucose, ethanol) by three methods: chronoamperometry, cyclic voltammetry, and impedance spectroscopy. The introduction of ethyl alcohol at a concentration of 1 mM leads to a decrease in the total resistance of the electrode by a factor of ~40. Modification of the electrode using MWCNTs leads to an increase in the current (by factors of 8 to 10) and an additional decrease in the total electrode resistance by a factor of ~10. These effects are similar to the effects of substrates and MWCNTs on the phylogenetically related Gluconobacter oxydans cells. The formation of bacterial cellulose (BC) membrane cells during the growth does not fundamentally change the effects of the substrates and MWCNTs.

We carried out the investigation of cellulose composites and composites with poly-N-N-dimethyl-3,4-methylenpyrrolidin chloride with different concentration of polymer. Cellulose was produced by Gluconacetobacter sucrofermentas. The data of Fourier spectral analysis and the change in weight of the films revealed the high efficiency of sorption of polymer on the bacterial cellulose. The presence of polymer decreases the swelling rate constant and increases the change in weight of the composite when placed in distilled water. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of the crystals of the polymer in dried films when placed them into a 15% solution of the polymer. The composites with poly-N-N-dimethyl-3,4-methylenpyrrolidin chloride show antibacterial properties, they suppress E.coli growth. Specimens treated by a 1.5% and 0.75% polymer solution are more effective.

In this article we present the research results of lyophilization process influence on the composition of hybrid materials based on the bacterial cellulose (BC) using Raman spectroscopy method. As an object of research was used BC, as well as hybrids based on it, comprising the various combinations of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and collagen. Our studies showed that during the lyophilization process changes the ratio of the individual components. It was found that for samples hybrid based on BC with addition of HAP occurs increase of PO43- peak intensity in the region 956 cm(-1) with decreasing width, which indicates a change in the degree of HAP crystallinity.

We carried out the investigation of cellulose composites and composites with poly-N-N-dimethyl-3,4-methylenpyrrolidin chloride with different concentration of polymer. Cellulose was produced by Gluconacetobacter sucrofermentas. The data of Fourier spectral analysis and the change in weight of the films revealed the high efficiency of sorption of polymer on the bacterial cellulose. The presence of polymer decreases the swelling rate constant and increases the change in weight of the composite when placed in distilled water. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of the crystals of the polymer in dried films when placed them into a 15% solution of the polymer. The composites with poly-N-N-dimethyl-3,4-methylenpyrrolidin chloride show antibacterial properties, they suppress E.coli growth. Specimens treated by a 1.5% and 0.75% polymer solution are more effective.

The study of condition of the system of hemoglobin, release of peptide com- pounds, and proteolytic activity of human erythrocytes under conditions of hy- perglycemia of varying degrees is carried out. The increase in the level of hy- perglycemia is accompanied by a decrease of affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen and the growth of level of metgemoglobin, the glycosylated hemoglobin level is increased in conditions of severe hyperglycemia. The level of formation of pep- tides in erythrocytes and the level of output of their cells is determined by the increase in trypsin-like activity in cytosol and increased membrane permeability of red blood cells.

The study of condition of the system of hemoglobin, release of peptide com- pounds, and proteolytic activity of human erythrocytes under conditions of hy- perglycemia of varying degrees is carried out. The increase in the level of hy- perglycemia is accompanied by a decrease of affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen and the growth of level of metgemoglobin, the glycosylated hemoglobin level is increased in conditions of severe hyperglycemia. The level of formation of pep- tides in erythrocytes and the level of output of their cells is determined by the increase in trypsin-like activity in cytosol and increased membrane permeability of red blood cells.

The study of condition of the system of hemoglobin, release of peptide com- pounds, and proteolytic activity of human erythrocytes under conditions of hy- perglycemia of varying degrees is carried out. The increase in the level of hy- perglycemia is accompanied by a decrease of affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen and the growth of level of metgemoglobin, the glycosylated hemoglobin level is increased in conditions of severe hyperglycemia. The level of formation of pep- tides in erythrocytes and the level of output of their cells is determined by the increase in trypsin-like activity in cytosol and increased membrane permeability of red blood cells.

The study of condition of the system of hemoglobin, release of peptide com- pounds, and proteolytic activity of human erythrocytes under conditions of hy- perglycemia of varying degrees is carried out. The increase in the level of hy- perglycemia is accompanied by a decrease of affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen and the growth of level of metgemoglobin, the glycosylated hemoglobin level is increased in conditions of severe hyperglycemia. The level of formation of pep- tides in erythrocytes and the level of output of their cells is determined by the increase in trypsin-like activity in cytosol and increased membrane permeability of red blood cells.

Проведен сравнительный анализ антибактериальной активности вновь синтезированных производных адамантана и бензимидазола и биологически активных пептидных соединений, выделенных из гемолимфы личинок восковой моли. Анализ показал, что антибактериальные пептиды в концентрации 10-15 мкг/мл обладают наибольшим бактерицидным эффектом по отношению к Escherichia coli по сравнению с синтетическими антибиотиками.

Dose-response stady (concentration of 50-200 mkg/ml) effect on growth total degidrogenase, catalase, sukcinatdegidrogenase activity of E. COLI phenolic benzimidazole derivatives containing a methyl group and the glycoside radical is researched. All compounds have dozo-respouse bacteriostatic effect and cause metabolic stress, resulting in higher concentrations of active degidrogenase and catalase. Most damaging effect has 4(2-methyl-1fi-benzimidazol-ylmethyl)phenyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-azethyl-/3-D-glucopyranozyd in a concentration of 200 mkg/ml.

The effect of low concentrations of peptide compounds of hemolymph of wax moth larvae on the kinetic characteristics of alkaline phosphatase of E.coli is studied. Activating effect of one of the components of chromatographic fractions of hemolymph on the rate of phosphatase reaction after 2-4 minutes after the addition of substrate is disclosed. It is assumed that peptide compounds in small doses can have a regulatory effect on the activity of enzymes of E.coli.

no past-life, the bacterium that causes flatulence was discovered, which led toinflated bottle. Isolation of bacteria in pure culture, seeding on Kessler ambience, Gram staining and microscopic analysis showed its belonging to a groupof enterobacteria Escherichia coli. The nature of bacterial growth in mediaHiss and other physiological and biochemical characteristics is studied. The ability of enterobacteria to live in a substratum containing a minimum of organiccompounds in the presence of nonionic and anionic surfactants, suggests thepossibility of the emergence of strains with is dangerous to human health indetergents used to clean utensils.

Changes in the peptide composition of hemolymph of Galleria mellonella larvae induced by their immunization have been studied, and some new peptides have been found. The composition of fractions exhibiting antibacterial activity was investigated. Known antibacterial peptides have been found in the hemolymph of control larvae and those immunized with bacteria.