Introduction and aims: Fetal growth restriction is associated with increased risk of adverse perinatal outcome. The aim was to investigate the potential of cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) to predict adverse perinatal outcome in high-risk pregnancies in the third trimester. Another aim was to study if CPR has better predictive value than its components, middle cerebral artery (MCA) pulsatility index (PI) and umbilical artery (UA) PI. Methods: A register-based study including 1573 singleton high-risk pregnancies with Doppler examinations at 32+0 to 40+6 gestational weeks at two perinatal centers between 1994 and 2017. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to investigate the predictive value of the gestational age-specific z-scores for CPR, UA PI and MCA PI, respectively, for the outcome "perinatal asphyxia/mortality", "birthweight small for gestational age (SGA)" and two composite outcomes: "non-SGA liveborn infants with neonatal morbidity" and "SGA liveborn infants with neonatal morbidity." Sub-analyses were made for pregnancies with spontaneous onset of labor and trial of labor. Results: The performance in predicting perinatal asphyxia/mortality was poor for all three variables and did not differ significantly. The ROC area under curve (AUC) was 0.56, 0.55 and 0.53 for CPR, UA PI and MCA PI, respectively. CPR performed significantly better than its components in predicting SGA, ROC AUC 0.73. The ability of CPR and the MCA PI to predict the two composite outcomes were similar and significantly better than UA PI. In the sub-analyses the results were similar, but CPR performed significantly better in predicting "perinatal asphyxia/mortality" than its components, although the predicting ability was poor. Conclusions: All three Doppler measures were poor in predicting perinatal asphyxia and mortality. CPR and MCA PI were equally good in predicting neonatal morbidity, especially in SGA pregnancies, and both were significantly better than the UA PI. CPR had high predictive value for SGA at birth.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of infants with early‐onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) and umbilical artery absent or reversed end‐diastolic flow (AREDF), delivered before 30 weeks' gestation and managed proactively. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of fetuses delivered for fetal indication before 30 completed weeks' gestation that had early‐onset FGR (defined as estimated fetal weight more than 2 SD below the mean) with AREDF in the umbilical artery (FGR group), at the level‐3 perinatal unit in Lund, Sweden, between 1998 and 2015. Perinatal outcome and neurodevelopment at ≥ 2 years of age in surviving infants were compared with those of a group of infants without small‐for‐gestational‐age birth weight or any known fetal Doppler changes delivered before 30 weeks in Lund during the corresponding time period (non‐FGR group). In the FGR group, the main indication for delivery was the Doppler finding of AREDF in the umbilical artery. Results There were 139 fetuses (of which 26% were a twin/triplet) in the FGR group and 946 fetuses (of which 28% were a twin/triplet) in the non‐FGR group. The FGR infants had a median birth weight of 630 g (range, 340–1165 g) and gestational age at birth of 187 days (range, 164–209 days), as compared with 950 g (range, 470–2194 g) and 185 days (range, 154–209 days), respectively, in the non‐FGR group. The rate of fetal mortality did not differ between the two groups (5.0% and 5.4% in the FGR and non‐FGR groups, respectively). All seven intrauterine deaths in the FGR group occurred before 26 weeks' gestation. In the FGR group compared with the non‐FGR group, severe intraventricular hemorrhage was less frequent and bronchopulmonary dysplasia and septicemia were more frequent ( P = 0.008, P < 0.001 and P = 0.017, respectively). In the FGR group, the survival rate at 2 years (83% of liveborn infants) and the rate of cerebral palsy (7%) did not differ significantly from those in the non‐FGR group (82% and 8%, respectively). The rate of survival without neurodevelopmental impairment was higher in the non‐FGR group (83%) than in the FGR group (62%) ( P < 0.001), as well as in infants in the FGR group delivered at or after 26 weeks (72%) compared with those delivered before 26 weeks (40%) ( P = 0.003). Within the FGR group, outcomes were similar between twins and singletons and, in those who survived beyond 2 years, outcomes were similar between fetuses with absent and those with reversed end‐diastolic flow in the umbilical artery. Conclusions Infants delivered very preterm after severe FGR with AREDF in the umbilical artery had a similar rate of survival as did non‐FGR infants of corresponding gestational age; however, they were at higher risk of neurodevelopmental impairment, the risk being most pronounced following birth before 26 weeks. Gestational age remains an important factor associated with the prognosis of early‐onset FGR; nevertheless, the present results support the hypothesis, which should be tested prospectively, that fetuses with early‐onset FGR and umbilical artery AREDF may benefit from early intervention rather than expectant management, and that umbilical artery Doppler findings could be incorporated into clinical protocols for cases very early in gestation. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate if the extent of absent end‐diastolic flow (AEDF) on umbilical artery (UA) Doppler velocimetry predicts pregnancy outcome. Methods This was a retrospective observational study based on data from 25 000 Doppler examinations of UA flow performed between 1998 and 2017 at the Blood Flow Laboratory, Level III Perinatal Center, Lund, Sweden. All pregnancies with AEDF in the UA were identified, and the duration of AEDF as a proportion of the total duration of the cardiac cycle (T a /T tot ratio) was measured in digital images of the Doppler spectrum recorded at the last examination showing AEDF before delivery. Clinical data on pregnancies and neonatal outcomes were extracted from the regional perinatal database and the hospital patient records. The predictive performance of the T a /T tot ratio for intrauterine death and any (intrauterine or postnatal) death was assessed. Results A total of 170 fetuses (122 (72%) singletons and 48 (28%) twins) were included in the study. Median gestational age at birth was 189.5 days (range, 163–279 days) (i.e. 27 + 0 weeks (range, 23 + 2 to 39 + 6 weeks)), birth weight was 650 g (range, 320–3326 g) and deviation from expected birth weight (standard deviation score) was –2.975 (range, –6.38 to 0.69). There were 15 (9%) intrauterine and 26 (15%) postnatal deaths. The principal outcome variables and their relationship with Doppler velocimetry results did not differ significantly between singletons and twins, giving a rationale for using the T a /T tot ratio in the total study group. Mean T a /T tot ratio was 0.42 ± 0.08 and 0.34 ± 0.08 in stillborn and liveborn fetuses, respectively ( P = 0.002). For fetuses examined before 30 weeks' gestation, a T a /T tot ratio cut‐off of 0.30 predicted intrauterine death with 92% sensitivity and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 98% (area under receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve (AUC), 0.74) and predicted any death with 83% sensitivity and a NPV of 85% (AUC, 0.66). Conclusions In fetuses with AEDF in the UA, duration of absent flow for at least 30% of the total cardiac cycle length might predict the risk of fetal demise, even when assessed before 30 weeks' gestation. This finding is particularly relevant to growth‐restricted fetuses. After evaluation in further studies, the extent of AEDF might facilitate obstetric decision‐making in very preterm growth‐restricted fetuses. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

We have searched for gravitational waves (GWs) associated with the SGR 1806 (cid:1) 20 hyperflare of 27 December 2004. This event, originating from a Galactic neutron star, displayed exceptional energetics. Recent investigations of the x-ray light curve’s pulsating tail revealed the presence of quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) in the 30–2000 Hz frequency range, most of which coincides with the bandwidth of the LIGO detectors. These QPOs, with well-characterized frequencies, can plausibly be attributed to seismic modes of the neutron star which could emit GWs. Our search targeted potential quasimonochro-matic GWs lasting for tens of seconds and emitted at the QPO frequencies. We have observed no candidate signals above a predetermined threshold, and our lowest upper limit was set by the 92.5 Hz QPO observed in the interval from 150 s to 260 s after the start of the flare. This bound corresponds to a (90% confidence) root-sum-squared amplitude h 90%rss - det (cid:2) 4 : 5 (cid:3) 10 (cid:1) 22 strain Hz (cid:1) 1 = 2 on the GW waveform strength in the detectable polarization state reaching our Hanford (WA) 4 km detector. We illustrate the astrophysical significance of the result via an estimated characteristic energy in GW emission that we would expect to be able to detect. The above result corresponds to 7 : 7 (cid:3) 10 46 erg ( (cid:2) 4 : 3 (cid:3) 10 (cid:1) 8 M (cid:4) c 2 ), which is of the same order as the total (isotropic) energy emitted in the electromagnetic spectrum. This result provides a means to probe the energy reservoir of the source with the best upper limit on the GW waveform strength published and represents the first broadband asteroseismology measurement using a GW detector.

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To describe the outcome of growth-restricted fetuses with absent or reversed end-diastolic flow (ARED) in the umbilical artery delivered before 30 gestational weeks (GW). A retrospective study of all growth-restricted fetuses (singletons and twins with birth weight < mean – 2SD) with ARED flow delivered in Lund during the time period of 1998-2015 (n=139). Control group: all AGA fetuses delivered < 30 GW during the corresponding time period (n=946). Perinatal mortality, neonatal morbidity, infant mortality and survival without neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI; cerebral palsy, cognitive delay, severe hearing impairment, blindness) after 2 years of age were compared between the two groups. In the ARED group there were 7 cases of intrauterine death, all before 26 GW. The mean gestational age at birth was 26 GW in both groups, (range 23+3-29+6 and 22+0-29+6, respectively). There was no significant difference in perinatal mortality between the two groups (12% vs 15%). The incidence of chronic lung disease was higher in the ARED group than in control group (p < 0.001). There were no differences between the groups in the occurrence of necrotising enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage or cerebral palsy. The mean two-year survival was 83% in both group (ns). Significantly more children from the ARED group were in need of habilitation services (p < 0.01). Survival without NDI was 62% in the ARED group and 83% in the control group (p < 0.001); for children born after 26 GW the corresponding figures were 72% and 88% (p = 0.001). Very preterm growth-restricted fetuses with umbilical artery ARED flow delivered on fetal indication showed a high 2-year survival, similar rate of cerebral palsy and higher need for habilitation services compared to non-IUGR very preterm infants. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

We present the results of the first search for gravitational wave bursts associated with high energy neutrinos. Together, these messengers could reveal new, hidden sources that are not observed by conventional photon astronomy, particularly at high energy. Our search uses neutrinos detected by the underwater neutrino telescope ANTARES in its 5 line configuration during the period January September 2007, which coincided with the fifth and first science runs of LIGO and Virgo, respectively. The LIGO-Virgo data were analysed for candidate gravitational-wave signals coincident in time and direction with the neutrino events. No significant coincident events were observed. We place limits on the density of joint high energy neutrino gravitational wave emission events in the local universe, and compare them with densities of merger and core-collapse events. Subject headings: gravitational waves — high energy neutrinos 1 Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC) Universitat Politècnica de València. C/ Paranimf 1 , 46730 Gandia, Spain. 2 CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France 3 GRPHE Institut universitaire de technologie de Colmar, 34 rue du Grillenbreit BP 50568 68008 Colmar, France 4 Technical University of Catalonia, Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics, Rambla Exposició, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain 5 INFN Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy 6 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany 7 Direction des Sciences de la Matière Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l’Univers Service d’Electronique des Détecteurs et d’Informatique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-surYvette Cedex, France 8 Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 9 APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France 10 LAM Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Pôle de l’Étoile Site de Château-Gombert, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 38, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, France 11 INFN Sezione di Bologna, Viale C. Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy 12 Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy 13 IFIC Instituto de F́ısica Corpuscular, Edificios Investigación de Paterna, CSIC Universitat de València, Apdo. de Correos 22085, 46071 Valencia, Spain 14 INFN -Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy 15 Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy 16 Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France 17 Géoazur Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, BP 48, 06235 Villefranche-surmer, France 18 INFN Sezione di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy 19 INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy 20 MIO, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, AixMarseille University, 13288, Marseille, Cedex 9, France; Université du Sud Toulon-Var, 83957, La Garde Cedex, France CNRS-INSU/IRD UM 110 21 Univ Paris-Sud , 91405 Orsay Cedex, France 22 Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut (KVI), University of Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands 23 Direction des Sciences de la Matière Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l’Univers Service de Physique des Particules, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France 24 INFN Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy 25 Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy 26 University Mohammed I, Laboratory of Physics of Matter and Radiations, B.P.717, Oujda 6000, Morocco 27 Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Landsdiep 4,1797 SZ ’t Horntje (Texel), The Netherlands 28 Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte and ECAP, Universität ErlangenNürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany 29 Universiteit Utrecht, Faculteit Betawetenschappen, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands 30 Universiteit van Amsterdam, Instituut voor Hoge-Energie Fysica, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands 31 Moscow State University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia 32 INFN Sezione di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy 33 Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy 34 Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland 35 Institute for Space Sciences, R-77125 Bucharest, Măgurele, Romania 36 IPHC-Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien Université de Strasbourg et CNRS/IN2P3 23 rue du Loess, BP 28, 67037 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France 37 ITEP Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, B. Cheremushkinskaya 25, 117218 Moscow, Russia 38 Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy 39 Also at University of Leiden, the Netherlands 40 On leave of absence at the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 41 Also at Accademia Navale di Livorno, Livorno, Italy 42 LIGO California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 43 California State University Fullerton, Fullerton CA 92831 USA 44 SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom 45 Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules 4 The ANTARES Collaboration, the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 AnnecyLe-Vieux, France 46 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy 47 Università di Napoli ’Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy 48 Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy 49 LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA 50 Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom 51 University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN (Sezione di Napoli), Italy 52 Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany 53 Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany 54 VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands 55 National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan 56 University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA 57 Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy 58 University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA 59 LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA 60 University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom 61 Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany 62 Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA 63 European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina (PI), Italy 64 Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA 65 LIGO Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 66 Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA 67 Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 68 IM-PAN 00-956 Warsaw, Poland 69 Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University 00-478 Warsaw, Poland 70 CAMK-PAN 00-716 Warsaw, Poland 71 Bia lystok University 15-424 Bia lystok, Poland 72 NCBJ 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland 73 Institute of Astronomy 65-265 Zielona Góra, Poland 74 The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA 75 San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA 76 Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia 77 LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France 78 ESPCI, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France 79 NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA 80 University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia 81 The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA 82 Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France 83 Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France 84 Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France 85 Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA 86 INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy 87 Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy 88 INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy 89 Università degli Studi di Urbino ’Carlo Bo’, I-61029 Urbino, Italy 90 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA 91 Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France 92 University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA 93 Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain 94 University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA 95 Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H8, Canada 96 Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 China 97 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA 98 Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA 99 The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA 100 Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia 101 Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 102 Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea 103 Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia 104 Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA 105 The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia 106 INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy 107 Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy 108 Università dell’Aquila, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy 109 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil 110 The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom 111 Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary 112 Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India 113 University of Minnesota, M

This paper was published online on 5 November 2010 with an omission in the Collaboration author list. S. Dwyer has been added as of 12 April 2012. The Collaboration author list is incorrect in the printed version of the journal

This paper was published online on 5 May 2010 with an omission in the Collaboration author list. S. Dwyer has been added as of 12 April 2012. The Collaboration author list is incorrect in the printed version of the journal

Einstein gravitational-wave Telescope (ET) is a design study funded by the European Commission to explore the technological challenges of and scientific benefits from building a third generation gravitational wave detector. The three-year study, which concluded earlier this year, has formulated the conceptual design of an observatory that can support the implementation of new technology for the next two to three decades. The goal of this talk is to introduce the audience to the overall aims and objectives of the project and to enumerate ET's potential to influence our understanding of fundamental physics, astrophysics and cosmology.

Background: Subclinical myocardial injury has been reported in newborns with fetal weight below 2 standard deviations for gestational age. Our aim was to investigate whether impaired intrauterine growth affects cardiac function and coronary flow (CF). Subjects and Methods: Seventeen newborns with impaired intrauterine growth and fifteen age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Fetal growth was assessed by fetometry. Doppler velocimetry of the umbilical artery and maternal uterine arteries blood flow was assessed. Cardiac function and left anterior descending artery (LAD) coronary flow were measured by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography at one week of age. Results: The mean growth deviation of the newborns from normal was -2.5± 0.2SD. The left ventricular mass and left ventricular shortening fraction was similar in patients and controls. The mean LAD diameter was 0.99±0.1 mm in patients and 0.8±0.1 in controls, p=0.002. LAD flow velocity time integral (VTI)/min correlated with left ventricular mass (R = 0.46, p=0.0001) and with mitral peak E-wave velocity (R = 0.74, p< 0.01). Impaired intrauterine growth was associated with increased peak flow velocity in diastole; 34.5±4 cm/s and 19±6 cm/s in controls, p = 0.0001 as well as increased CF; 37±7.3 ml/min and 8.2±3.0 ml/min in controls, p = 0.001. Conclusions: Coronary flow is significantly increased in neonates with impaired intrauterine growth. The left ventricular mass and systolic and diastolic functions remain normal. The clinical significance of the increase of CF is unclear but increased basal flow might lead to a decreased coronary flow reserve.

The physical mechanisms responsible for pulsar timing glitches are thought to excite quasi-normal mode oscillations in their parent neutron star that couple to gravitational wave emission. In August 2006, a timing glitch was observed in the radio emission of PSR B0833-45, the Vela pulsar. At the time of the glitch, the two co-located Hanford gravitational wave detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave observatory (LIGO) were operational and taking data as part of the fifth LIGO science run (S5). We present the first direct search for the gravitational wave emission associated with oscillations of the fundamental quadrupole mode excited by a pulsar timing glitch. No gravitational wave detection candidate was found. We place Bayesian 90% confidence upper limits of 6.3e-21 to 1.4e-20 on the peak intrinsic strain amplitude of gravitational wave ring-down signals, depending on which spherical harmonic mode is excited. The corresponding range of energy upper limits is 5.0e44 to 1.3e45 erg.

In high-risk pregnancies, the transport of oxygen and nutrients from maternal to fetal blood via the placenta is often impaired. To assess the risk, pulsed Doppler ultrasound (US) is used to evaluate the flow velocity waveform in the umbilical artery with the pulsatility index (PI), which is derived from the velocity envelope of the Doppler power spectrum. However, simply listening to the Doppler signal can indicate to an experienced sonographer that the type of the blood flow is worse than the PI suggests. This is however dependent on the operator's experience and it may be difficult to estimate what influences the subjective judgement. Motivated by the description of the Doppler sounds by an experienced operator (AT) as having a "timbre", this study describes an analysis of Doppler sounds in search for an index or method with capacity to better evaluate the blood flow in the umbilical artery in high-risk pregnancies.A test was designed, where synthetically produced Doppler sounds with various spectral contents were played together with a variable sinusoidal sound signal. The task for the five test persons was to match the frequency of the sinusoidal signal to the Doppler sounds.The tests indicated that the human ear is most sensitive to the lower frequencies of Doppler sounds. An analysis of prerecorded sounds showed a difference in the lower frequencies of a sound considered to emanate from the umbilical blood flow of healthy fetuses with normally functioning placenta as compared to a pathological one. This might explain the difference between the sounds experienced by an operator.As a suggestion to extract more information than the maximum envelope, the minimum frequency envelope was extracted from pre-recorded clinical sounds. Based on the pilot tests presented here, this shows to be a promising strategy.

OBJECTIVE:Maternal diabetes during pregnancy is associated with congenital cardiac malformations and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Blood flow in the ductus venosus (DV) has been postulated to reflect cardiac function. The aim of our study was to investigate if diabetic pregnancies exhibit abnormal DV hemodynamics, hence indicating changes in fetal cardiac function. METHODS:The pulsatility index of the DV (DV-PI) was analyzed retrospectively in 142 diabetic patients and compared to previously published DV-PI reference values from a non-diabetic low-risk population. DV values were then correlated with maternal glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). RESULTS:DV-PI was significantly higher in pregnancies complicated by either pre-existing insulin-dependent (DM) or gestational diabetes when compared with normal reference values. Increased DV-PI values were still evident in both diabetic groups when neonates that were small-for-gestational age and neonates with pathological umbilical blood flow pattern were excluded from the analysis. In DM pregnancies a statistically significant correlation was found between DV-PI and maternal HbA1c. CONCLUSION:Diabetic pregnancies exhibit increased DV-PI values when compared to a normal low-risk pregnant population, possibly indicating a fetal cardiac effect.

We summarize the sensitivity achieved by the LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave detectors for compact binary coalescence (CBC) searches during LIGO's fifth science run and Virgo's first science run. We present noise spectral density curves for each of the four detectors that operated during these science runs which are representative of the typical performance achieved by the detectors for CBC searches. These spectra are intended for release to the public as a summary of detector performance for CBC searches during these science runs.

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) is a network of three detectors built to detect local perturbations in the space-time metric from astrophysical sources. These detectors, two in Hanford, WA and one in Livingston, LA, are power-recycled Fabry-Perot Michelson interferometers. In their fifth science run (S5), between November 2005 and October 2007, these detectors accumulated one year of triple coincident data while operating at their designed sensitivity. In this paper, we describe the calibration of the instruments in the S5 data set, including measurement techniques and uncertainty estimation.

Objective To investigate the possibility of recording Doppler flow signals from the maternal uterine veins (UtVs) during pregnancy and to assess the relationship between UtV signals and other Doppler parameters as well as pregnancy outcomes.Methods Transabdominal Doppler ultrasound examination of the UtVs on both sides of the uterus was performed in 40 normal and 44 high-risk singleton pregnancies at 23-39 weeks' gestation. The UtV was identified using color Doppler imaging and the flow velocity signals of the UtV and uterine artery (UtA) were recorded. Morphological examination of the placenta was carried out in 45 of the pregnancies (14 uncomplicated and 31 high-risk pregnancies).Results Flow-velocity signals of the UtVs were recorded from at least one side of the uterus in all patients (success rate of 81 and 89% for the right and left UtV, respectively). Three types of flow-velocity pattern were identified: continuous non-pulsatile flow (Type I, n = 70), pulsatile flow with a notch touching the zero line (Type II, n = 6) and pulsatile flow with absent flow signals for part of the heart cycle (Type III, n = 8). The UtA pulsatility index was significantly higher in women with UtV Types II and III than in those with UtV Type I (P = 0.039). Similarly, UtV Types II and III were more often found in pregnancies with bilateral UtA notching (P = 0.013) and with UtA score 3-4 (P = 0.024) than in those with normal UtA. No statistically significant association was found between the UtV flow pattern and abnormal histo pathological findings in the placenta, or between the UtV and umbilical artery findings.Conclusion It is possible to record Doppler signals from the UtVs in the late second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Pulsatile flow-velocity patterns of the UtVs are associated with abnormal UtA Doppler findings. Copyright (C) 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Background and aims. We investigated the relationship between the cardiac function and coronary flow in neonates with impaired intrauterine growth. Methods. Fetal growth was assessed by fetometry and Doppler velocimetry of the umbilical artery blood flow. Impaired fetal growth was defined as an estimated fetal weight less than mean -2SD from the normal gestational age related fetal weight. Cardiac function and left anterior descending artery (LAD) flow parameters were measured by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography in 14 newborns at one week of age when the ductus arteriosus was closed. Gestational age- and age-matched healthy newborns, appropriate for gestational age (N=15) served as controls. Results. The mean pulsatility index was 0.97 and the mean birth weight 2.2 (range 2.1 to 2.4) kg. The left ventricular shortening fraction was normal 39±4.3%. Aortic velocity time integral/minute as a measure of systolic LV function correlated to LAD PFVd, r=0.54, p< 0.0001. LAD peak flow velocity in diastole (PFVd) correlated to left ventricular mass (r=0.46, p=0.0001). The mean LAD diameter was 0.99±0.09 mm. Impaired intrauterine growth was associated with an increase of PFVd (mean 34.5±4, controls 19±6 mm/s, p=0.0001) and coronary flow (7.3±2, and 4.8±2 ml/min respectively, p=0.04). LAD velocity time integral per minute correlated to mitral peak E-wave (r=0.74, p< 0.01). Conclusions. Basal coronary flow and peak flow velocity appear to be significantly increased in these neonates with intrauterine growth impairment, which leads to decreased coronary flow reserve. LAD flow parameters were linearly related to LV systolic and diastolic functions and to LV mass.