As a result of environmental difficulties and water scarcity, maize production has been challenged in arid and semi – arid regions. A management strategy for stabilizing corn production under water shortage conditions involves the use of drought – tolerant hybrids and suitable irrigation regimes. The study was conducted in the Prof. Dr. Abdulkadir AKÇIN trial area of “Selcuk University, Agriculture Faculty, Crop Science Department, Konya, TÜRKİYE” during 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. The aim of the current work is determining the effects of deficit irrigation and grain colour factors on water shortage tolerance of maize in terms of bio – active compounds, quality traits and grain yield. The factors of the trial were irrigations [50% (I1), 75% (I2) and 100% (I3) of evaporation from Class A evaporation PAN] and genotypes [DKC 5783, red corn and Sakarya]. It was noted that DKC 5783 had the highest values at two (thousand grain weight, grain yield), Sakarya had at two (total phenolic compounds and grain crude oil) and red corn had at four (total anthocyanin content, total antioxidant activity, grain crude protein and starch) properties among eight under I1 during 2019 as well as red corn had at two (total anthocyanin content and total phenolic compounds), Sakarya had at two (grain crude protein and grain crude oil) and DKC 5783 had highest values at four (thousand grain weight, total antioxidant activity, starch and grain yield) features among eight under I1 during 2020. Thousand grain weight values of I3 were 6.71% and 0.57% more than I2 while starch was 9.19% and 3.96% more than I2 during 2019 – 2020. Red corn had better contents of bio – active compounds than other two varieties during both years of the trial. The mean yield of I3 was 6.87% more than I2 in 2019 and 9.05% more than I2 in 2020 which revealed that regulated deficit irrigation might help growers to cope with decline in water availability also 25% water restriction caused tolerable decreases in grain yield and some yield compounds of the current work.

Low temperatures during the early growing stages limit the productivity of maize considerably. Investigating responses of different coloured corns (Zea mays L.) to chilling may reveal alternative genotypes which can be preferred under early sowing conditions of water-shortage farming areas. The aim of this study is determining whether the color factor affects the tolerance to chilling in maize and which properties are effective on the low temperature tolerance. We exposed corns with different colours (white, yellow, red, purple) to different temperatures [8°C, 12°C, 16°C, 25°C (control)] and analysed the effects of temperature on morphological, physiological, bio-active properties and stress indicators. Using 14-day old seedlings, we noted that purple corn had the highest seedling length, seedling weight, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll B and total phenolic content in the 8°C and followed by white (photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll A and carotenoids), yellow (transpiration rate, sub stomatal CO2, and total antioxidant activity) and red corns (water use efficiency, total anthocyanin content and proline). On the other hand, white corn maintained its superiority in other treatments, receiving the highest values in 9 of 17 characteristics at 12°C, in 8 of 17 at 16°C and in 10 of 17 in the control. Performance of purple corn in the 8°C was the most remarkable one in all genotypes and treatments. Based on our results, it has been concluded that white and purple corns are more chilling tolerant genotypes and may be alternative for early sowing conditions in drought farming areas.

Abstract The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.

The study was conducted to highlight differences of colored corns according to bio-active compounds and quality traits in Selcuk University, Agriculture Faculty, Crop Science Department, Konya/Turkey. At the study we attempted to explain the impacts of grain color (white, yellow, red and purple) factor on bioactive compounds as TAnti. (Total Antioxidants), TPC (Total Phenolic Compounds), TF (Total Flavonoids), TAntho. (Total Anthocyanins), TC (Total Carotenoids), and some quality traits as GCO (Grain Crude Oil), GCP (Grain Crude Protein), Starch and Amylose/Amylopectin. All analysis was practiced at three coincidently chosen samples for each trait. Wide and significant variations were observed among the genotypes at all traits except GCO feature. While purple corn had the highest values at six (TAnti., TAntho., TPC, GCO, TF, Starch and GCP) of nine characters; the red and the white ones had the highest values one of [TC (red corn); GCP (white corn)] nine characters in the study. The results showed that purple corn had distinct bio-active and quality advantages compared with others. Results of the study showed that grain color changes had remarkable effects on bio-activated contents and some quality features; and also exhibited possibility of using colored corns as bio-active resources in human and animal nutrition.

This study evaluated 7 inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.), 3 testers and the 21 hybrids produced according to line x tester mating design on the basis of total anthocyanin content (TAC), antioxidant activity (AOA) and grain protein content (GPC). The study was conducted in Konya, Turkey. The variance (upsilon(2)) for general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA), the upsilon(2) GCA / upsilon(2) SCA. additive (upsilon(2) A) and dominance (upsilon(2) D) variance, root D / A, narrow and broad sense heritability of the population, heterosis and heterobeltiosis rates of the progenies were calculated for each trait. The GCAs of the parents and SCAs of the progenies were determined. The lines 14.20 (GCA 0.767**, P < 0.01, GPC), 14.21 (7.910**, TAC) and 14,26 (3.258**, AOA) had significant positive GCA, and their progenies also had significant positive SCAs with respect to several parameters [14.20 x FRMo 17 (0,462**, GPC), 14.20 x ADK 451 (0.228** GPC), 14.21 x FRB 73 (5. 172**, TAC), 14.21 x ADK 451 (15.528**, TAC); 14.26 x ADK 451 (4.280**, AOA), 14.26 x FRMo 17 (8.209**, AOA), 14.26 x FRB 73 (9,060**, AOA)]. Results from this study showed the possibility of using physiological properties for parental selection.

Arastirma 2015 ve 2016 yetistirme sezonlarinda SUZF (Selcuk Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi) Prof. Dr. Abdulkadir AKCIN deneme alaninda yurutulmustur. 2015 yilinda tum seleksiyon, kendileme ve melezleme asamalari Orta Anadolu kosullarinda gerceklestirilmis 7 ana hat (3.2, 3.4, 3.6, 14.2, 14.20, 14.21, 14.26) ve 3 tester hattin (FRMo 17, FRB 73, ADK 451) line × tester yontemine gore melezlenmesiyle 21 adet melez misir kombinasyonu uretilmistir. 2016 yilinda ana, baba ve melezler “Tesaduf Bloklari Deneme Deseni” ne gore 3 tekerrurlu olarak ekilmislerdir. Hat ve melezlerin; KU (kocan uzunlugu), KK (kocan kalinligi), KTS (kocanda tane sayisi) ve TV (tane verimi) karakterlerindeki; varyans unsurlari, GKY (genel kombinasyon yetenegi) ve OKY (ozel kombinasyon yetenegi) degerleri belirlenmistir. 14.21 ve 14.26 kodlu hatlarin Orta Anadolu kosullarinda TV karakterinde onemli ve pozitif GKY degerlerine sahip olduklari; 3.2 × FRB 73, 3.4 × ADK 451, 3.6 × ADK 451, 14.2 × FRB 73, 14.20 × ADK 451, 14.21 × FRMo 17 ve 14.26 × ADK 451 melezlerinin de yine TV karakteri bakimindan onemli ve pozitif OKY degerlerine sahip olduklari gorulmustur. Bu bulgular populasyonun tane verimini arttirmaya yonelik islah calismalarina uygun oldugunu gostermistir.

This study evaluated seven inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.), three testers and 21 hybrids produced by line x tester mating design. Stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, and transpiration rate traits of parents and progenies were observed. The study was conducted in Konya, in the mid-Anatolian region of Turkey. The mean values of the stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, and transpiration rate measurements were evaluated using Duncan's multiple range test for grouping parent and offspring groups. The variance for general combining ability, the variance for specific combining ability, the relative variance, additive variance, dominance variance, root D / A, narrow-sense heritability and broad-sense heritability parameters of the population, along with the heterosis rates of the progenies, were calculated for each trait. The parental general combining abilities and specific combining abilities of the progenies were determined. We observed parents with significant and positive general combining abilities [3.4 (stomatal conductance, transpiration rate); 14.20 (photosynthetic efficiency, transpiration rate)] and their progenies with significant and positive specific combining abilities [3.4 x FRMo 17 (stomatal conductance, transpiration rate); 3.4 x ADK 451 (transpiration rate); 14.20 x FRMo 17 (transpiration rate)]. Results of the study showed the possibility of using physiological properties as selection criteria.

The trial was conducted at Research and Application area of Selcuk University Agriculture Faculty during 2013 growing season. The seeds of 31 dent corn lines were used as materials and 12 agro – morphological and physiological traits were investigated. All correlation combinations among the traits were calculated. According to the results very significant correlations were detected among first ear height × photosynthetic efficiency (0.64**), leaf area × leaf angle (0.57**), and significant correlations among leaf area × first ear height (0.32*), leaf number × first ear height (0.32*), leaf area × photosynthetic efficiency (0.29*), leaf area × malondialdehyde (0.28*) and leaf area × chlorophyll content (0.26*) traits. According to the results of the study it was observed that one of the characters with significant correlations can give knowledge to researchers about other correlated properties so more information can be produced with lower time and labour.

Field experiments were conducted during the 2015 – 2016 growing seasons in Konya, Turkey. Seven inbred lines, 3 testers and 21 F1 progenies that were produced by line x tester mating design in 2015 were used as materials. Seeds of each genotype were sown by hand to 5 m long rows according to “Randomized Complete Block Design” with three replications with spacing of 70 × 20 cm in second week of May in 2016. Each replicate plot was consisted of two 5 m long rows. Corn cobs of parentages and crosses were harvested manually in October when the moisture content of the grains was approximately 20%. Laboratory analyses were performed during the 2017 – 2018 with seeds of 7 inbred lines, 3 testers and 21 hybrid maize combinations. Crude oil content (COC), crude protein content (CPC), hectolitre weight (HW), starch content (SC) and thousand grain weight (TGW) traits of each genotype were determined. The variance compounds of the population, general combining abilities (GCAs) of the parentages and specific combining abilities (SCAs) of the progenies were calculated. Line 3.2 (CPC; 0.448*, HW; 8.794*, TGW; 24.805**), line 3.4 (CPC; 0.054*, COC; 1.019**, HW; 23.905**), line 14.21 (CPC; 0.176**, COC; 1.297**, HW; 18.349**), line 3.6 (COC; 1.441**, SC; 2.145**), line 14.2 (SC; 1.675**, HW; 21.460**), line 14.26 (SC; 2.566**, TGW; 35.550**) and line 14.20 (CPC; 0.767**) had significant and positive GCAs at several properties. Our results suggested that this population is suitable for developing progenies with appropriate quality traits.

ÖZETTarla denemesi 2013 yılı yetiştirme sezonunda Selçuk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliğinde yürütülmüştür.Denemede 31 adet atdişi mısır hattına ait tohumluklar kullanılmış, genotiplerin her birinde toplamda 12 adet agro-morfolojik ve fizyolojik özellik incelenmiştir.Bu karakterlerin birbirleri ile olan tüm korelasyon kombinasyonları hesaplanmıştır.Korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre ilk koçan yüksekliği × fotosentetik verim (0.64**) ve yaprak alanı × yaprak dikliği (0.57**) özellikleri arasında çok önemli korelasyonlar belirlenirken yaprak dikliği × ilk koçan yüksekliği (0.32*), yaprak sayısı × ilk koçan yüksekliği (0.32*), yaprak alanı × fotosentetik verim (0.29*), yaprak alanı × malondialdehit (-0.28*) ve yaprak

Bu calisma Konya ili Cumra ilcesi ekolojik kosullarinda, Tritordeum hat ve cesitlerinin sulu ve kuru sartlara adaptasyonunu belirlemek amaciyla 2015-2016 yillarinda yurutulmustur. Calismada Aucan, Bulel, HT-444, HT-460 Tritordeum hat ve cesitleri ile Larende ve Tarm-92 arpa kontrol cesitleri ve Kiziltan-91, Cesit-1252 makarnalik bugday cesitleri “Tesaduf Bloklari Deneme Deseni”ne gore uc tekerrurlu olarak yetistirilmistir. Arastirmada bitki boyu, tane verimi, bin tane agirligi, hektolitre agirligi, protein orani ozellikleri incelenmistir. Sulu ve kuru kosullarda yapilan calismada cesit faktorunun bitki boyu, tane verimi, bin tane agirligi, hektolitre agirligi, protein orani ozellikleri uzerinde istatistiki olarak onemli etkilerde bulundugu belirlenmistir. En yuksek bin tane agirligi 57.7 g ile sulu kosullarda Tarm-92 cesidinde bulunurken, en dusuk bin tane agirligi 30.8 g kuru kosullarda HT460 tritordeum hattinda tespit edilmistir. En yuksek hektolitre agirligi 81.2 kg ile kuru kosullarda Cesit-1252 cesidinde bulunurken, en dusuk hektolitre agirligi 64.9 kg ile kuru kosullarda Larende arpa cesidinde tespit edilmistir. En yuksek protein orani %20.4 ile kuru kosullarda Aucan cesidinde bulunurken, en dusuk protein orani %12.2 ile sulu kosullarda Larende cesidinde tespit edilmistir. En yuksek tane verimi 476.7 kg/da ile sulu kosullarda Kiziltan-91 cesidinde bulunurken, en dusuk tane verimi 163.3 kg/da ile kuru kosullarda Aucan tritordeum cesidinde tespit edilmistir. Sonuc olarak, en yuksek tane verimleri kontrol cesitlerinden alinmis olup, Konya yoresi sulu-kuru kosullarinda verim acisindan kontrol cesitlerinin tercih edilmesi uygun olacaktir. Ancak kalite degerleri acisindan Tritordeum hat ve cesitleri un sanayisinde kullanilabilecek yeni nesil bir tahil turu olarak ortaya cikmaktadir. Buna ek olarak, yuksek verimli, kaliteli, hastalik ve zararlilara dayanikli, biyotik ve abiyotik stres faktorlerine dayanikli stabil cesitlerin gelistirilmesi icin daha detayli islah calismalarina ihtiyac duyuldugu dusunulmektedir.

Çalışmada; Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü (BATEM) ve Karadeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsüne (KTAE) ait 35 adet kendilenmiş cin mısır hattı moleküler analize tabi tutulmuştur. Moleküler karakterizasyon için 21 adet SSR primeri kullanılmış ve hatlar arasındaki genetik uzaklıklar tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; kümeleme analizi ile elde edilen dendograma göre cin mısır hatları 2 ana ve 5 alt gruba ayrılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan hatlar 0.44 ile 0.95 aralığında benzerlik göstermişlerdir. Çalışmada kullanılan hatlardan 9 ve 28 nolu hatlar yakın akraba bulunur iken, 1 ve 23 nolu hatların uzak akraba bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bu sonuca göre BATEM ve KTAE ait kendilenmiş cin mısır hatları arasında genetik olarak bir varyasyonun olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı Orta Anadolu Bölgesi’nde tane doldurma döneminde görülebilen kuraklık tipinin modellendiği kontrollü tarla şartlarında, ekmeklik buğday genotiplerinin verim ve bazı fenolojik özelliklerinin tepkilerinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışma, Konya’da 2009–2010 yetiştirme yıllarında yağmur korunakları altında, tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme deseninde, dört tekerrürlü; ana parsellerde uygulamalar (S1: Tane doldurma dönemi kuraklığı, S2: Tam sulu koşullar) ve alt parsellerde 10 ekmeklik buğday genotipi kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, genotiplerin verim ve fenolojik özelliklerinin tane doldurma dönemindeki kuraklığa tepkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada tane verimi, uygulama ortalamaları olarak 579 kg da-1 (S1) ile 760 kg da-1 (S2) arasında ve stres uygulamaları üzerinden genotiplerde 595 kg da-1 (Göksu 99) ile 725 kg da-1 (BDME 09/1K) arasında değişmiştir. Stres uygulaması, sulu uygulama ile karşılaştırıldığında, tane dolum dönemi kuraklık uygulamasında tane verimi %23.9 oranında azalmıştır. KHİ değerleri 0.58 (Bayraktar 2000) ile 1.73 (Göksu 99) arasında değişmiştir. Bayraktar 2000 çeşidi tane dolum kuraklığına en toleranslı çeşit olarak belirlenmiştir. Fenolojik özelliklerin uygulama ortalamaları olarak, başaklanma süresi 168.6 gün ile 171.9 gün, çiçeklenme süresi 174.2 gün ile 178.1 gün, fizyolojik olum süresi 208.9 gün ile 218.1 gün ve tane dolum süresi 34.7 gün ile 39.9 gün arasında değişim göstermiştir. Stres uygulaması sulu koşullara göre, başaklanma süresinde %1.9; çiçeklenme süresinde %2.2; fizyolojik olum süresinde %4.2; tane dolum süresinde %13 kısalmaya sebep olmuştur. Tane dolum süresi uzun olan çeşitlerin verim değerlerinin yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada tane doldurma dönemi kurak stresi altında ekmeklik buğday genotiplerinde kuraklığa adaptasyonu desteklediği belirlenen tane doldurma süresi parametresi, geç dönemde etkili olan kuraklık için, toleranslı genotip geliştirmek amacıyla, seleksiyon parametresi olarak kullanılabilir.

Cin misir patlayabilme yetenegi ile diger misir tiplerinden farklidir. Besin icerigi, icerdigi vitamin ve mineraller sayesinde insan beslenmesinde onemlidir. Ayrica dusuk kalorisi ve tam tahilli misir enerjisi alimi ile aclik duygusunu azaltmasi, tok tutucu ve mide asidini emici ozelligiyle de iyi bir diyet urunudur. Bu arastirma, 2014 yilinda Antalya Bati Akdeniz Tarimsal Arastirma Enstitusu Mudurlugu (BATEM), Aksu Tarla Bitkileri Bolumu deneme arazisinde tesaduf bloklari deneme desenine gore uc tekerrurlu olarak yurutulmus ve otuz bes adet cin misir hattinin bazi kalite ozellikleri incelenmistir. Arastirmada incelenen; tane nemi %14.97-%17.63, patlama hacimleri 8.3 cm 3 g -1 - 29.3 cm 3 g -1 , patlamayan tane oranlari %1.8-%35.4, tane irilikleri 58.3 adet 10 g -1 - 102.3 adet 10 g -1 , lezzet testleri 1.4-3.6, agizda sakizlasma 1.5-4.0 arasinda degismistir. Calisma sonucunda 5, 6, 7, 10, 13, 16, 17, 24 ve 26 nolu hatlar arasindaki korelasyon incelenen kriterler yonunden on plana cikmislardir. Kalite ozellikleri arasindaki korelasyon incelendiginde; sirasiyla agizda sakizlasma ile lezzet, patlama hacmi ile tane iriligi, lezzet ve tane nemi arasinda pozitif, patlamayan tane orani ile patlama hacmi, patlamayan tane orani ve tane iriligi, patlama hacmi ve lezzet arasinda negatif bir iliski tespit edilmistir.

Popcorn is different from other maize types with its popping ability. Popcorn has a special place in human nutrition of nutrient content, vitamins and minerals it contains. It is also a good diet product with the stomach acid absorption, reducing the feeling of hunger, giving the feeling of satiety and being low in calories as a whole grain. This study was carried out in Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute’s (BATEM) Field Crops Department in 2014. The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Some quality traits of thirty five popcorn inbred lines were examined. In the research, kernel moisture value 14.97-17.63%, popping volume 8.3-29.3 cm3 g-1, rate of unpopped kernels 1.8-35.4%, kernel size 58.3-102.3 number 10 g -1, flavor test 1.4-3.6, gumminess 1.5-4.0 were found. As a result of the research 5, 6, 7, 10, 13, 16, 17, 24 and 26 lines came into prominence from the point of quality. When the relationships between quality traits were investigated, significant and positive correlations were determined between gumminess and flavor, popping volume and kernel size as well as flavor and grain moisture. Also, significant and negative correlations were determined between rate of unpopped kernels and popping volume, rate of unpopped kernels and kernel size, as well as popping volume and flavor.

The study was conducted to determine effects of seed priming to physiological parameters (PP) at drought conditions (DC) on bread wheat cultivars ( Triticum aestivum L., Altay 2000 and Kirac 66) at Selcuk University Agricultural Faculty Controlled Climate Chamber and Physiology Laboratory. Effects of seed priming on PP measured using randomized plot design with three replications, two bread wheat cultivars (Altay 2000 and Kirac 66),  five treatments (Control, 0,1% NaCl, 0,5% KH 2 PO 4 , 2% KCl and H 2 O), two sampling times (7th and 14th days after emergence) and two conditions [drought(DC) and normal(NC)]. Seeds were soaked solutions for twelve hours, then were dried till back to untreated moisture level by mixing at room conditions and sowed NC (irrigated as needed) and DC (soil saturated with 25% distilled water for 48 hours) pots. Seeds without treatment were used as control group. Seventh and fourteenth days after emergence physiological parameters [(chlorophyll content (CC), stomatal conductance (SC), photosynthetic efficiency (PE), proline content (PC), MDA (malondialdehyde)] were determined. MDA level at DC is (37, 62 nmol/g) higher than NC (32, 17 nmol/g). At NC except MDA and PC, all parameters increased. PC level of plant materials at DC (9, 44 µmol/g) was significantly higher than PC of NC (4, 76 µmol/g). Seedlings from primed seeds, better adapted to DC. Seedlings grew primed seeds have more CC, less MDA. CC of Altay 2000 at DC (38, 96 spad) significantly decreased compared to NC (48, 92 spad). The same situation was came across with Kirac 66 also (DC; 34, 69 spad; NC; 47, 38 spad). Generally response of seedlings Altay 2000 to priming was better than Kirac 66. According to results, it is observed that seed priming is a practical method, can be used drought areas. Pre-treatment is an alternative method that can trigger resistance towards water deficit conditions.

Biotic and abiotic stress factors may cause yield loss in plants and affect human and animal nutrition. Amount of lacking yield due to biotic and abiotic stress factors ranged between 65 and 87% [1][2][3]. So many studies were conducted finding a new method to use limited water resources effectively especially crops cultivating areas that exposed to drought. Seed priming which is one of those studies is a controlled hydration process. Seed priming triggers progressing of metabolic activities (physically and chemically) while radicle protrusion is avoided. Researchers report that priming increase seedling emergence uniformity rate, trigger growing especially under stress conditions and have different effects under different stress conditions [4]. Seed priming treatments provides increase of some free radical scavenging enzymes like SOD(superoxide dismutase), CAT(catalase) and POX(peroxidase) and trigger synthesis of proline that is an osmoprotectant also provide vigorous seedling formation [5][6][7]. Increasing of those kind of enzymes provides degradation of free radicals like singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide which cause degradation of membrane lipids, proteins, enzymes, pigments and nucleic acids [8]. It’ s thought that evaluating of alternative approaches like seed priming in terms of physiology will provide benefits to farmers that cultivate at drought areas.

Konya/Turkey during 2013.Seeds obtained from 38 sweet maize inbred lines belong to S5 used that have been improved by S.U.A.F.Crop science Department faculty members.Lumina and Merit hybrid maize