Bei Patienten mit trockenen Augen wurden Angst und Depressionen beobachtet.

BACKGROUND:Patients with dry eye syndrome are known to suffer from anxiety and depression. OBJECTIVES:Analysis of psychological disorders in therapy-resistant dry eye syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS:A retrospective analysis of the training for interactive psychiatric screening (TRIPS) questionnaire from 110 patients with therapy-resistant dry eye syndrome was carried out. The results of the questionnaire allow the diagnosis of psychological disorders and vegetative disorders. Patients were divided into groups with anxiety, depression, mixed diagnoses, vegetative disorders and no diagnosis. A sicca score was used for assessment of dryness comprising the Schirmer test, measurement of tear meniscus, break up time, lipid layer thickness, the use of fluorescein and rose bengal staining tests and the subjective visual analogue scale. The diagnosis of dry eye syndrome was compared with the psychological disorders of anxiety and depression. RESULTS:Of the patients 52.7 % had psychological disorders with anxiety in 21.8 %, depression in 15.3 %, mixed diagnoses in 14.5 %, dystonia in 25.4 % and in 22.7 % no psychological disorders were diagnosed. General anxiety was frequent and panic disorders were often associated with other kinds of anxiety. Severe depression, such as bipolar disorder was rare. Dry eye scores were highest in the mixed group (0.59), and lowest in the group with mild anxiety (0.38). No single sicca phase disorder could be correlated with any of the psychological diagnoses. CONCLUSION:Patients with therapy-resistant dry eye syndrome often suffer from anxiety and depression. The psychological stress acts on the nervous system to suppress lacrimal gland function. Further investigation of the correlation between the lacrimal tear film phase and psychological disorders is recommended. Knowledge of personality disorders may allow psychological support that would improve the treatment options for dry eye syndrome.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a serious complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). In 2005 the National Institutes of Health (NIH) established new criteria for chronic GVHD based on retrospective data and expert recommendations. We prospectively evaluated the incidence of NIH-defined chronic GVHD and its prognostic impact in 178 consecutive patients. The cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD at 3 years was 64, 48 and 16% for chronic classic GVHD and overlap syndrome. Prior acute GVHD and myeloablative conditioning were significantly associated with increased risk of chronic GVHD. Three-year survival (overall survival (OS)) for late-acute GVHD, chronic classic and overlap chronic GVHD when assigned on day 100 were 69, 83 and 73%. OS was significantly worse for patients with platelet counts below 100 g/l at onset of chronic GVHD (35% versus 86%, P<0.0001) and progressive as compared with de novo and quiescent onset of chronic GVHD (54.5% versus 89.5% versus 84%, P=0.022 and 0.001). Peak severity of chronic GVHD had no impact on non-relapse mortality (NRM) and OS. Recurrent acute GVHD, platelet counts below 100 g/l at diagnosis of chronic GVHD, progressive onset of chronic GVHD and advanced disease stage prior to HCT were significantly associated with increased NRM. This prospective analysis provides for the first-time data on the incidence rates of NIH-defined chronic GVHD categories and identified risk factors for the occurrence of chronic GVHD. A prognostic value of thrombocytopenia and progressive onset type of chronic GVHD for survival after HCT was observed in NIH-defined chronic GVHD.

Focus on Alternative and Complementary TherapiesVolume 8, Issue 1 p. 154-155 Acupuncture in idiopathic uveitis. First results J Nepp, J Nepp Department of Ophthalmology, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, Vienna, A-1090, Austria Boltzmann Institute für Acupuncture, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorS Richter-Müksch, S Richter-Müksch Department of Ophthalmology, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, Vienna, A-1090, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorM Funk, M Funk Department of Ophthalmology, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, Vienna, A-1090, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorJ Schauersberger, J Schauersberger Department of Ophthalmology, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, Vienna, A-1090, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorG Schild, G Schild Department of Ophthalmology, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, Vienna, A-1090, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorS Maca, S Maca Uveitis Department at the Ophthalmology Department, University of Vienna, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorT Barisani, T Barisani Uveitis Department at the Ophthalmology Department, University of Vienna, AustriaSearch for more papers by this author J Nepp, J Nepp Department of Ophthalmology, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, Vienna, A-1090, Austria Boltzmann Institute für Acupuncture, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorS Richter-Müksch, S Richter-Müksch Department of Ophthalmology, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, Vienna, A-1090, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorM Funk, M Funk Department of Ophthalmology, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, Vienna, A-1090, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorJ Schauersberger, J Schauersberger Department of Ophthalmology, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, Vienna, A-1090, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorG Schild, G Schild Department of Ophthalmology, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, Vienna, A-1090, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorS Maca, S Maca Uveitis Department at the Ophthalmology Department, University of Vienna, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorT Barisani, T Barisani Uveitis Department at the Ophthalmology Department, University of Vienna, AustriaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 14 June 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7166.2003.tb05820.xRead the full textAbout ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume8, Issue1March 2003Pages 154-155 RelatedInformation

Purpose The marginal part of the tarsal conjunctiva forms a lid wiper structure that wipes the ocular surface and distributes the tear film during the blink. It was attempted to investigate whether this region of the upper and lower lid shows specific changes in several kinds of ocular surface diseases. Methods 44 eyes of patients from the outdoor department of the university eye clinic Vienna were observed by slit lamp investigation of the ocular surface, vital staining with fluorescein and lissamin green. It was focused on evaluation of the tarsal conjunctiva including the lid margin and the wiper. Vessel dilatation, teleangiectatic changes and vital staining were each designed in three stages. The patients suffered from inflammation or affections of the lid, the conjunctiva and the cornea including chemical burns, graft versus host disease and injuries Results Compared to normal eyes dilatation of vessels and staining was observed more in patents with inflammations but although in serious affections like chemical burn or injuries. Even in corneal affections changes of vessels were observed. Conclusion Changes of the wiper can be observed in several diseases of the ocular surface and may be a sign of strain in this region.

Purpose Evaluation of measuring errors in usage of the meibometer550. Methods Measurements of lipid layer of the ocular surface tear film were done by Meibometer 550. For exact measurement we observed possible disruptions, the calibration, hygienically standards, different sampling, alteration after topical treatment.Before each measurement there must be a calibration by clean lipid -free stripes.We observed the adjustment with two clean stripes by double measurement of each other.Both results must be 0. Hygienically influence is presumed by incorrect handling if objects are touched. Stripes were pressed on objects and measured.Those objects were the table surface, the hand of the observer, the gloves and the disinfectant used.We observed different pressure sampling as pressure may extract more lipids from the lid with touch of the lid and no touch, with pressure and without For the influence of topical treatments we dropped several artificial tears directly on the stripes, watery artificial tears, gels, ointments and drops with lipid portions. Results After double calibration new stripes showed values of nearly 0, elder stripes 10-18 u. Hygienically: in clean tables we measured <28u, even clean hand < 60 u, gloves < 5u. Disinfectant fluids decreased measured lipids from 500 to 100 u. There was a difference in sampling with pressure to samplings without pressure between 50 and 80%. Topical treatments changed different after use of watery drops: 0-15u, lipid spray: change 370 u average, fatty ointments: change of 557u to 751 u. Conclusion It is important to notice the careful handling during measuring the lipid layer with MB 550 to obtain valid measuring data. Commercial interest

The dry eye syndrome is one of the most frequent diagnosed diseases in ophthalmology. The complex genesis and the variety of the additional stress factors result in a difficult therapeutic access. As an answer to this complexity, the tool of selective anamnesis is of high importance. The healthy tear film consists of three layers, the internal mucin also called protein layer, in the middle the aqueous layer and the external lipid layer. Each particular of these layers can show specific pathological changes, it is however the mixed layer pathologies that leads frequently to the Sicca the syndrome. The introduction of the therapy should result as product of tear film pathophysiology knowledge and a detailed anamnesis. Compared to the ophthalmologist, who has a broad spectrum of methods for quantification and characterisation of the disease, the non ophthalmologist can utilize only specific complains and symptoms expressed by the patient. As guideline to introducing the therapy, subjective qualities of complaints can be correlated to specific pathological changes in the tear film. From this correlation a layer pathology targeted therapy can be deduced.

Purpose Quantity of tear film lipids could be estimated optically by colours of interference By photometric evaluation it may be measured. Therefore we compared both measures. Methods Patients with dry eyes were observed by Tearscope and Meibometer 550. For tearscope we used the 4-parted scale of colours. Meibometry was performed with clean stripes, which have touched the tear film. >300 units are said to be normal. We observed the tear film by Schirmer I, Lissamin green and fluorescein staining, and the break up time. We correlated the measurements with Pearson Correlation. Results 85 eyes of 53 patients were observed. Both measurements of the lipids showed positive correlations R=67. There was no Correlation between any lipid measurement and the watery and mucin Layer (R-0,1 - 0,3) Conclusion The measurement of lipids is similar in both measurements. The optical evaluation needs longer experience, the Meibometry needs standards to find reproducible results. The lack of correlation between lipid layer results and the other results of the tear film observation may point at the special function of lipids independent of the other layers of the tear film.

Acta Ophthalmologica ScandinavicaVolume 85, Issue s240 p. 0-0 Free Access Principles of psycho-immunological relations – Do they apply to the eye? J NEPP, J NEPP Ophthalmology, Medical University, Vienna, AustriaSearch for more papers by this author J NEPP, J NEPP Ophthalmology, Medical University, Vienna, AustriaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 02 October 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0420.2007.01063_2853.xAbout ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume85, Issues240September 2007Pages 0-0 RelatedInformation

Purpose: Introduction: Bone Marrow Transplantation because of Leukemia is followed by changes of the immunological system. Patients suffer from complaints of the disease and its consequences, like Graft versus host reactions. In ophthalmologic observations we often can asses chronic inflammations with dry eyes. Those are induced by stress reaction, any kind of inflammation and any kind of irritations. Now we wanted to know, if there is a correlation of the ophthalmological changes, especially the dryness and the mental state, according to the bone marrow transplantation. Methods: 26 patients were observed, 11 of them in a follow up after 100 days. For ocular evaluations slit lamp obeservation were done. Severeness of Dryness was defined by a Sicca-Score, a mean of results of Schirmer‘s test, break up time, lipid layer thickness, and estimation of the tear meniscus. All results were equated. 0 for normal and 1 for worst possible result. Psychiatric symptoms were assesed by the symptom check list 90R (Derogatis) at baseline and follow up. We compared the results before and 100 days after the transplantation. For statistical analysis students-T-test and the Pearson correlation by SPSS was used. Results: There was a significant aggravation of the dryness in one eye; and there was a correlation in parts of the records between the dryness and the mental state. Conclusions: Bone marrow transplantation is an event, which influences the immunological system, the tearing system and the mental state of health.

Acta Ophthalmologica ScandinavicaVolume 85, Issue s240 p. 0-0 Free Access Psychosomatics and implications on clinics of patients with blepharospasm S RICHTER MÜKSCH, S RICHTER MÜKSCH Department of Ophthalmology, ViennaSearch for more papers by this authorJ NEPP, J NEPP Department of Ophthalmology, ViennaSearch for more papers by this authorM FUNK, M FUNK Department of Ophthalmology, ViennaSearch for more papers by this author S RICHTER MÜKSCH, S RICHTER MÜKSCH Department of Ophthalmology, ViennaSearch for more papers by this authorJ NEPP, J NEPP Department of Ophthalmology, ViennaSearch for more papers by this authorM FUNK, M FUNK Department of Ophthalmology, ViennaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 02 October 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0420.2007.01063_2854.xAbout ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume85, Issues240September 2007Pages 0-0 RelatedInformation

To evaluate the temporal evolution of vaccination against COVID-19 in a Swiss oncological cohort.History of complete vaccination (i.e. at least two vaccine doses) against COVID-19 of patients undergoing oncological 18F-FDG PET/CT between February and September 2021 (n = 2613) was taken. Vaccination rate was compared with age-matched national data from the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health. Subgroup differences in temporal evolution of vaccination rate were analyzed by fitting a generalized linear model and determined by significant interaction between, sex, oncological diagnosis, and month of examination.Rate of complete vaccination against COVID-19 steadily increased and reached 81 % in September 2021. The fraction of vaccinated patients in the oncological cohort was higher in the beginning and approached the fraction in the age-matched general Swiss population at the end of the study period. Month of exam (p < 0.001) was the only significant predictor of the vaccination rate.Vaccination rate against COVID-19 in a Swiss oncological cohort increased steadily from February to September 2021. Compared to the age-matched general population it was higher in the beginning and similar by the end of the study period.Ethics approval: Trial registration: BASEC 2021-00444, Ethikkommission Zürich (Cantonal Ethics Committee Zurich), Switzerland, registered February 24th 2021.

PURPOSE"Dry Eye is a condition produced by the inadequate interrelation between lacrimal film and ocular surface epithelium, and is caused by quantitative and qualitative deficits in one or both of them. It can be produced by one or combined etiologic causes, affecting one or several of the secretions of the glands serving the ocular surface, and producing secondary manifestations of different grades of severity". Clinicians need a practical classification to face diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Dry eyes have many etiologies and pathogenesis, different affectation of the various dacryoglands and ocular surface epithelium, and diverse grades of severity. The specialists in xero-dacryology must know these three parameters to evaluate any case of dry eye, and to establish an adequate treatment.METHODSTo facilitate this, an open session in the 8th congress of the International Society of Dacryology and Dry Eye (Madrid, April, 2005) proposed modifying the Triple Classification of dry eye approved in the XIV congress of the European Society of Ophthalmology (Madrid, June, 2003). There was consensus of all conclusions.CONCLUSIONSThe following classification has been established: First, a classification of the etio-pathogenesis, distributed in ten groups: age-related, hormonal, pharmacologic, immunopathic, hyponutritional, dysgenic, infectious/inflammatory, traumatic, neurologic and tantalic. Second, a classification of the affected glands and tissues, which under the acronym of ALMEN includes the Aqueo-serousdeficient, Lipodeficient, Mucindeficient and Epitheliopatic dry eyes, and the Non dacryological affected exocrine glands (saliva, nasal secretion, tracheo-pharyngeal secretion, etc). And thirdly, a classification of severity, in three grades: Grade 1 or mild (symptoms without slitlamp signs), grade 2 or moderate (symptoms with reversible signs), and grade 3 or severe (symptoms with permanent signs).