The abilities of memorizing others' faces are critical in social interactions. Previous event-related potential (ERP) studies have shown that neural responses during face memory (e.g., face encoding and recognition) are affected by emotional contexts that do not involve social interactions. Only a few studies have investigated the effects of social interaction-related contexts on neural responses during face memory. Here, we aimed to extend this investigation by exploring whether fairness-relevant contexts during resource allocations influence ERP responses during face encoding and recognition. To address the issue, 41 participants were required to view resource allocations between the participants themselves and a partner. The allocations were either fair or unfair to the participants. To understand the influence of allocation motivation, resources were proposed by either the partner or the computer. Participants were then presented with the face of the partner. After all the faces had been encoded, participants were required to recognize relevant faces. ERP results showed that fair compared to unfair allocations resulted in larger N170 responses to faces when resources were allocated by computers, whereas this effect was weakened for partner proposers. For both partner and computer proposers, fair-relevant compared to unfair-relevant faces evoked stronger late positive potential (LPP) responses. In the subsequent recognition phase, partner proposers reduced the differences between fair-relevant and unfair-relevant faces on N170 and LPP responses that were evident for computer proposers. These findings might suggest that social interaction-related contexts involving fairness affect neural responses during face memory, which, to some extent, rely on allocation motivation.

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) has been suggested to be associated with emotional perceptions and evaluations. Several studies have also revealed that IU is related to cognitive preferences, in particular gain-relevant risk preference. Nevertheless, it is still unclear whether both prospective and inhibitory IU, two dimensions of IU, predict gain-related and moreover, loss-relevant risky preference. More importantly, it is unknown whether the associations between IU and risk preference are modulated by biological factors (e.g., genes). Therefore, the current study investigated whether prospective and inhibitory IU were associated with gain-/loss-related risk preference and whether the associations were modulated by an impulsivity control-related gene, tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) gene (A779C, rs1799913) through recruiting 222 healthy Chinese participants. Results showed that prospective IU was correlated with gain-relevant risk averse. There was not a significant association between IU and loss-relevant risk preference. Nevertheless, further analysis revealed that the association was modulated by the TPH1 genotype. Prospective and inhibitory IU predicted loss-relevant risk averse specifically for TPH1 AC genotype carriers but not for other genotype carriers (i.e., AA or CC). The findings emphasize the associations between IU and risk preference depending on frame and genetic variance.

Background: Recently, the importance of individual differences has been recognized in the literature of general life satisfaction and domain-specific satisfaction, however, empirical research exploring the relationship between individual differences in self-regulatory focus and financial satisfaction remains relatively sparse, and less is known about the underlying processes that may mediate this relationship. The current study addressed these gaps by investigating whether and how self-regulatory focus (promotion vs prevention) as a motivational trait is related to college students' financial satisfaction. A model was tested in which this association was sequentially mediated by the effects of construal level and opportunity cost consideration.Methods: A total of 552 college students (38.6% male; ages 19-25) completed a packet of questionnaires that measured trait regulatory focus, construal level, opportunity cost consideration, and financial satisfaction.Results: The mediation model was tested via multiple regression analyses and bootstrapping procedure. The results supported a sequential mediation model, suggesting that predominantly promotion-focused regulation is associated with information construal at a more abstract level, increasing the consideration of opportunity costs, and subsequently enhancing financial satisfaction.Discussion: These findings can broaden our understanding of how trait regulatory focus potentially influences financial satisfaction, offering new directions towards improving college students' financial satisfaction.

Previous research has identified exposure to interparental conflict (IPC) in childhood as a risk factor for young adults’ depression. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the underlying mediating mechanisms of this association. Driven by the spillover hypothesis, the present study investigated whether maternal antipathy and neglect, and in turn unmet psychological needs, mediated the relation between IPC and early adulthood depression in a sample of 347 undergraduate students (M = 23.27 years; SD = 0.86; 57.05% women) in China. The participants completed self-report measures of IPC, maternal care, satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and depression. Structural equation modeling revealed that: (a) IPC was positively associated with early adulthood depression; (b) this association was sequentially mediated by inadequate maternal care (i.e., antipathy and neglect) and by unsatisfied psychological needs. These findings suggest that efforts to prevent depression should focus on reducing not only IPC, but also inadequate maternal care and unmet psychological needs.

Human decision-making can be influenced by whether the option is framed as positive or negative, known as the framing effect. Neuroeconomic studies have shown the engagement of the amygdala underlies the framing effect by automatically incorporating emotional (or intuitive) information into the decision process, thus leading to ''irrational'' decisions or decision biases (De Martino et al. 2006). However, these studies focus only on the gain domain in which the initial state is appetitive, leaving the mechanisms of the framing effect in the loss or aversive domain less understood, which could be equally important or even more dominant for human survival. In the present study, we first replicated De Martino et al.’s research on the framing effect in the gain domain. We then checked the commonality and distinctiveness of the framing effect across gain and loss domains using a similar experimental design combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Behaviorally, participants showed comparable framing effects in both domains, suggesting a domain-general decision bias. Neuronally, the amygdala represented the framing effect for the gain domain, and its connectivity to vmPFC was positively modulated by framing bias, consistently shown in De Martino et al.’s study. Moreover, the striatum represented the framing effect for the loss domain, and its connectivity to dmPFC was subject to framing bias, suggesting distinctive neural substrates across two domains. Our study accentuates the importance of distinguishing decision processes across appetitive or aversive domains and highlights the role of the cortical-striatal-limbic network underlying the framing effect.

网络游戏成瘾；学校参与；非适应性认知；青少年；有调节的中介

行为激活；行为抑制；处置效应；通用认知风格；中介效应

Important strides have been made toward understanding the relationship between self-efficacy and life satisfaction. However, existing studies have largely focused on work and academic domains, leaving self-efficacy in the finance domain less frequently investigated. The present study applied the self-efficacy construct to the finance domain, namely “financial self-efficacy” (FSE), and tested the sequential mediating roles of high standards tendency and investment satisfaction in the relationship between FSE and general life satisfaction. A total of 323 employees from finance-related businesses completed anonymous questionnaires regarding FSE, high standards tendency, investment satisfaction, and general life satisfaction. Results indicated that FSE influenced general life satisfaction through investment satisfaction, and sequentially through high standards tendency and investment satisfaction. These results provide contributions to the current literature on life satisfaction, and positive psychology literature by shedding light on the roles of high standards tendency and investment satisfaction in the relation between FSE and general life satisfaction.

不良同伴交往；非适应性认知；网络游戏成瘾；青少年；中介作用

不良同伴交往；冲动性；网络游戏成瘾；青少年；调节作用

Humans inevitably go through various stressful events, which initiates a chain of neuroendocrine reactions that may affect brain functions and lead to psychopathological symptoms. Previous studies have shown stress-induced changes in activation of individual brain regions or pairwise inter-regional connectivity. However, it remains unclear how large-scale brain network is reconfigured in response to stress. Using a within-subjects design, we combined the Trier Social Stress Test and graph theoretical method to characterize stress-induced topological alterations of brain functional network. Modularity analysis revealed that the brain network can be divided into frontoparietal, default mode, occipital, subcortical, and central-opercular modules under control and stress conditions, corresponding to several well-known functional systems underpinning cognitive control, self-referential mental processing, visual, salience processing, sensory and motor functions. While the frontoparietal module functioned as a connector module under stress, its within-module connectivity was weakened. The default mode module lost its connector function and its within-module connectivity was enhanced under stress. Moreover, stress altered the capacity to control over information flow in a few regions important for salience processing and self-referential metal processing. Furthermore, there was a trend of negative correlation between modularity and stress response magnitude. These findings demonstrate that acute stress prompts large-scale brain-wide reconfiguration involving multiple functional modules.

Research has shown that violent video games induce attentional bias toward aggressive information. However, the effects of prosocial video games on selective attention are poorly understood. This study investigated attentional bias toward prosocial stimuli at different presentation durations (i.e., 100, 500, and 1,250 milliseconds [ms]) after short-term prosocial video game exposure. Sixty males (mean age: 20.26 years; range: 19-23 years) participated in this study. Half of them played a prosocial video game for 30 minutes, whereas others played a neutral one. A spatial cueing paradigm was then used to investigate attentional bias. Results showed that there was both attention orientation and difficulty in attention disengagement toward prosocial stimuli when the presentation lasted 100 ms in the prosocial game group, but not in the neutral group. There was no group difference at 500 or 1,250 ms, suggesting that the attentional bias toward prosocial information might occur at the early stages of cognitive processing. These results provided initial evidence of the influence of prosocial video games on cognitive processing and advanced our understanding of related theories.

Life stress has been shown to impact cognitive functions, including inhibitory control. However, the immediate effects of acute stress on inhibitory control and the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. In a behavioral pilot study (N = 30) and a within-subject functional magnetic resonance imaging study (N = 30), we examined how acute stress induced by Trier Social Stress Test influenced inhibitory control in a stop signal task. Behavioral results across two studies showed that stress consistently improved inhibitory control. Shorter stop signal reaction time (SSRT) in stress as compared with control condition was associated with stronger connectivity between the superior/middle frontal gyrus (SFG/MFG) and striatum. Dynamic causal modeling revealed distinct best models under stress and control condition, with an enhanced interaction between the SFG/MFG and the striatum after stress exposure. This research identified the SFG/MFG-striatum network as a key circuit underlying acute stress-elicited enhancement of inhibitory control in a stop signal task.

The disposition effect refers to the tendency of investors to sell winners too early and hold on to losers too long, which is one of the most documented and robust decision biases. However, few studies have looked beyond demographic and social factors on the disposition effect. The current study investigated the association between financial self-efficacy (FSE) (one's belief about their personal capability in ultimate financial goals achieving), versatile cognitive style (an individual's capability in deploying the experiential or rational mode in ways that are contextually appropriate), and the disposition effect. A total of 285 employees from finance-related business completed anonymous questionnaires regarding FSE, rational-experiential inventory, and the disposition effect. Our findings revealed that FSE was significantly and positively associated with versatile cognitive style and the disposition effect. Further, versatile cognitive style partially mediated the relationship between FSE and the disposition effect. Our findings provide valuable guidance for individual investors to make financial decisions based on their characteristics.

青少年期是个体对同伴影响最敏感的时期.为了探明同伴游戏比例与青少年网络游戏成瘾的关系及其机制,采用整群取样法,选取广东省5所学校初一到高二的1990名中学生为被试,参与同伴网络游戏使用状况问卷、非适应性认知量表、网络游戏成瘾问卷和冲动量表等调查.研究结果表明,在控制了性别和年龄后,同伴网络游戏比例对个体的网络游戏成瘾倾向有正向的预测作用;非适应性认知中介了同伴游戏比例与网络游戏成瘾的关系;非适应性认知对网络游戏成瘾倾向的影响受到个体冲动性的调节.因此,网络游戏成瘾干预有必要特别关注同伴玩游戏比例较高和非适应性认知水平高的青少年群体,尤其是高冲动青少年,教师和家长需要引导同伴游戏比例高且高冲动性的青少年,避免其卷入网络游戏成瘾,同时采取措施促进其认知控制能力的训练与发展.

Based on the Dual Systems Model (Somerville et al., 2010; Steinberg, 2010a) and the biosocial-affect model (Romer and Hennessy, 2007) of adolescent sensation seeking and problem behaviors, the present study examined how (affective associations with online games as a mediator) and when (impulsivity as a moderator) did sensation seeking influence online gaming addiction in adolescence. A total of 375 Chinese male adolescents (mean age = 16.02 years, SD = 0.85) from southern China completed anonymous questionnaires regarding sensation seeking, positive affective associations with online games, impulsivity, and online gaming addiction. Our findings revealed that sensation seeking, positive affective associations with online games and impulsivity were each significantly and positively associated with online gaming addiction in adolescents. Positive affective associations mediated the relationship between sensation seeking and online gaming addiction. Further, impulsivity moderated the relationship between positive affective associations and online gaming addiction, such that the association between positive affective association and online gaming addiction was stronger for high than for low impulsivity adolescents. These findings underscore the importance of integrating the biosocial-affect model and the Dual Systems Model to understand how and when sensation seeking impacts adolescent online gaming addiction.

This study tested a parallel two-mediator model in which the relationship between dimensions of emotional intelligence and online gaming addiction are mediated by perceived helplessness and perceived self-efficacy, respectively. The sample included 931 male adolescents (mean age = 16.18 years, SD = 0.95) from southern China. Data on emotional intelligence (four dimensions, including self-management of emotion, social skills, empathy and utilization of emotions), perceived stress (two facets, including perceived self-efficacy and perceived helplessness) and online gaming addiction were collected, and bootstrap methods were used to test this parallel two-mediator model. Our findings revealed that perceived self-efficacy mediated the relationship between three dimensions of emotional intelligence (i. e., self-management, social skills, and empathy) and online gaming addiction, and perceived helplessness mediated the relationship between two dimensions of emotional intelligence (i. e., self-management and emotion utilization) and online gaming addiction. These findings underscore the importance of separating the four dimensions of emotional intelligence and two facets of perceived stress to understand the complex relationship between these factors and online gaming addiction.

认知控制是个体根据环境变化控制或调节自己反应的能力,是一个人心理执行功能的核心.根据认知控制的双机制理论,结合停止信号任务和贝叶斯动态模型,考察动作视频游戏经验与反应控制和前摄控制的关系,结果发现:(1)游戏组与控制组的成功反应率、成功控制率、反应试次反应时及停止信号反应时没有显著差异;(2)游戏组与控制组的错误后减慢效应和停止后减慢效应也没有显著差异;(3)游戏组的序列效应显著低于控制组的序列效应.这些结果表明,动作视频游戏经验对反应控制没有影响,但可能损害了个体的贝叶斯学习,使玩家不能根据对环境刺激的预期实时地调整自己的行为,表现出前摄控制的削弱.

探讨网络游戏成瘾的形成机制，识别出容易形成网络游戏成瘾的个体，对网络游戏成瘾的科学预防和有效控制具有积极的作用。为了考察非适应性认知在基本心理需要与青少年的网络游戏成瘾倾向间的中介作用，以及该过程是否受到行为抑制/激活系统的调节，本文采用整群取样法，选取广东省5所学校初一到高二的1990名中学生为被试，匿名填写基本心理需要问卷、非适应性认知量表、行为抑制/激活系统问卷和网络游戏成瘾问卷。研究结果表明，在控制了性别和年龄后，基本心理需要对网络游戏成瘾倾向具有正向预测作用；非适应性认知中介了基本心理需要与网络游戏成瘾倾向的关系；基本心理需要与非适应性认知的关系以及非适应性认知与网络游戏成瘾倾向的关系，受到行为激活系统中驱力的调节。