Bioinspired neuromorphic and in-memory computing requires devices that store and process information through ionic dynamics analogous to biological synapses. Here, we report a polyelectrolyte conformational nanofluidic memristor (PCM) that integrates synaptic plasticity, neuromorphic learning, and stateful ionic logic within a single aqueous platform. The device operates through electric-field-driven, reversible conformational transitions of polyelectrolytes confined inside graphene oxide nanochannels, enabling analog conductance tuning, a sharp, tunable switching threshold, and an ON/OFF ratio exceeding 160. These conformational dynamics endow the PCM with rich synaptic functions, including long-term potentiation and depression, multilevel memory retention, and symmetric weight update rules. By directly mapping the experimentally measured potentiation/depression curves into a physical learning model, we demonstrate high-accuracy neuromorphic learning, achieving 97.1% recognition accuracy on the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) handwritten-digit dataset. Beyond learning, interconnected PCM units perform stateful ionic OR, IMP, and NAND operations, establishing universal in-memory logic within the same ionic platform. This work introduces a bioinspired nanofluidic computing paradigm that unites the adaptive learning of neural networks and deterministic logic, paving the way to scalable and brain-like ionic processors.

Bicontinuous structural electrolytes fabricated through a two-step process are explored for multifunctional performance optimization matching different liquid electrolytes and investigated for application in battery structural composites. Tetra-functional epoxy resins mixed with water soluble porogen are employed to build skeletal resin matrix with controllable microporous structure and porosities. The obtained structural electrolytes present superior adaptability to various types of liquid electrolytes, favorable to achieve excellent ionic conductivity and surpassing mechanical properties. Structural electrolyte prepared from a skeletal epoxy with 31.2 % porosity achieves the ionic conductivity of 2.50 mS/cm and tensile modulus of 1.34 GPa. When incorporated into structural battery composites, the bicontinuous structural electrolytes provide unobstructed and stable ionic pathways between carbon fibers and counter electrodes in addition to demonstrating superior flexural strength and modulus up to 248.63 MPa and 41.63 GPa. The structural electrolyte demonstrates great potential for application in structural battery composites. (c) 2025 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science & Technology.

Head-to-head reductive hydrodimerization of activated alkenes offers access to valuable bulk or fine chemicals such as adipates or adiponitrile as an intermediate for the industrial synthesis of nylon. We herein report a novel reaction to realize head-to-head reductive coupling of activated alkenes by a photoinduced Ir/PPh3/H2O system, providing smooth access to various adipate derivatives in high chemo- and regioselectivity. In this reaction, a [Ph3P-OH] radical generated from a photoinduced interaction between H2O and PPh3 enables the PCET process with activated alkenes to form a C-centered radical at the beta-position, which is rarely reported.

Plasmonic/semiconductor heterojunctions have shown remarkable potential for advancing photochemical reactions, yet the reliance on noble metals in conventional plasmonic systems imposes prohibitive costs for solardriven applications. Herein, we report the plasmonic semiconductor (WO3-OV) with full spectral response by preirradiation for the first time. The near-infrared light effectively excites the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of WO3-OV, generating high-energy hot electrons capable of multi-electron transfer processes. Coupling WO3-OV with a band-matched semiconductor (TiO2) establishes an internal electric field (IEF) at the heterointerface, which synergistically enhances charge separation and prolongs carrier lifetimes. Crucially, oxygen vacancies (OVs) in WO3-OV serve dual roles: (1) as plasmonic centers for NIR photon harvesting and (2) as catalytic active sites for toluene oxidation. The synergistic effect of heterojunction and plasmonic was elucidated through comprehensive in situ characterization and theoretical calculation. The rational integration of LSPR, defect engineering, and interfacial charge control provides a universal framework for designing high-efficiency photocatalytic systems for environmental remediation and energy conversion.

Designing and synthesizing highly efficient photocatalysts with proper energy band structures, which can accelerate the degradation of antibiotics, is crucial and challenging. Herein, by introducing a simple ligand engineering strategy, we ingeniously developed a novel approach for facile synthesis of covalent organic framework (COF) embedded and oxygen vacancies (OV) in-situ doped Ti32 oxo-cluster gels-based Z-scheme heterojunction, COF@OV-Ti32-gels (CT-X). This strategy has led to a remarkable improvement in the photodegradation efficiency of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC), increasing from 15% (pure Ti32 crystals) to an impressive 93.7%. The heterojunctions, which possess modified bandgap structures due to the presence of oxygen defects, exhibit superior photo-induced charge separation efficiency compared to Ti32 without such defects. This enhanced utilization of sunlight results in highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of TC via a built-in electric field. Intriguingly, the CT-X photocatalysts, synthesized with a unique heterojunction structure, exhibit the ability to achieve full-time domain degradation of TC. Notably, CT-X can effectively degrade TC in the absence of light, and its degradation capability is significantly enhanced upon exposure to visible light. Furthermore, the superoxide radical (•O2¯) was evidenced to play a crucial role in the photocatalytic process, and the corresponding degradation mechanism was also depicted.

The energy band structure and corresponding carrier transfer efficiency are crucial roles in photocatalysis performance, especially involving the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) degradation in gas-solid phase photo- catalytic systems. Herein, we reported a S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst of Ag@WO3/TiO2. 3 /TiO 2 . The photocatalytic experiments display that Ag@WO3/TO2 3 /TO 2 (denoted as Ag@h-WT) possesses almost 94 % of toluene removal rate and nearly 90 % mineralization after 60 min irradiation under simulated sunlight, superior to those of pure TiO2 2 and h-WO3 3 as well as binary WO3/TO2 3 /TO 2 heterojunction. The improved photocatalytic activity is mainly ascribed to i) the formation of S-scheme heterojunction. ii) The Ag nanoclusters promotes the carrier separation and broadens the light absorption region.

Hydrofunctionalization of alkenes represents a fundamental strategy in synthetic organic chemistry. Herein, we describe a visible-light-promoted approach for the anti-Markovnikov hydrooxygenation of unactivated alkenes. Our protocol features the utilization of a cost-effective, bench-stable, and easy-to-handle oxime ester as the reagent, enabled by energy-transfer catalysis. This methodology exhibits excellent functional group tolerance and mild reaction conditions, rendering it suitable for the hydroesterification of pharmaceutically relevant molecule-derived alkenes.

As a special class of stable atomic clusters, the superatom has become an exciting research topic in recent decades. They can mimic the chemistry and physics of individual atoms in the periodic table and find potential applications in a variety of fields. Traditional strategies for superatom design, however, have their own limitations. Herein, we review recent progress in the discovery of novel methodologies for superatom design, namely external-field regulated strategies (EFRS). We begin with a description of the basic concept of the superatom and the conventional electron-counting rules for superatom design, followed by a discussion of recent exploration about external-field regulated superatoms, where the oriented external electric field (OEEF), the ligand field, and the solvent field are presented. In the concluding section, we discuss the benefits and challenges of the EFRS together with some future research topics.

An integrated electrochemical/colorimetric dual-mode immunosensor was fabricated to achieve sensitive detection of procalcitonin (PCT). The FeOOH microbox anchored with Au nanoparticles and methylene blue (FeOOH-Au-MB) was designed as the the target-responsive nanomaterial, a pivotal role of the immunosensor. On the one hand, numerous frizzy nanosheets assembled FeOOH microbox served to anchor plenty of Au nanoparticles (Au NPs). Based on the exposed hydroxyl groups of FeOOH microbox and the chemical bond of Au-N, more of the electron-transfer mediator, MB, can be anchored. The multiple collaborative amplification of FeOOH-Au-MB enhanced the electrochemical signal of the fabricated immunosensor. On the other hand, FeOOH-Au-MB as sacrifice easily released Fe3+, and reacts with [Fe(CN)6]4− to form blue material (Prussian blue, PB), which realized the colorimetric detection of the fabricated immunosensor. The integrated dual-mode immunosensor offers a self-calibration function to enhance the reliability and sensitivity of detection. Consequently, the immunosensor performed sensitive detection of PCT in the range of 1.0 pg/mL to 500 ng/mL, and obtained a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.28 pg/mL and 0.42 pg/mL for electrochemical and colorimetric mode, respectively. The dual-mode immunosensor based on FeOOH-Au-MB has potential applications in clinical diagnosis.

An efficient photo-to-electrical signal is pivotal to photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors. In our work, a novel PEC biosensor was fabricated for the detection of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) based on a ZnIn2S4/Ag2CO3 Z-scheme heterostructure. Due to the overlapping band potentials of the ZnIn2S4 and Ag2CO3, the formed Z-scheme heterostructure can promote the charge separation and photoelectric conversion efficiency. And the concomitant Ag nanoparticles in Ag2CO3 provided multiple functions to enhance the PEC response of the Z-scheme heterostructure. It acts not only as a bridge for the transfer of carriers between ZnIn2S4 and Ag2CO3, promoting the constructed Z-scheme heterostructure, but also as electron mediators to accelerate the transfer of photogenerated carriers and improve the capture of visible light of the Z-scheme heterostructure by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Compared with single Ag2CO3 and ZnIn2S4, the photocurrent of the designed Z-scheme heterostructure increased more than 20 and 60 times respectively. The fabricated PEC biosensor based on a ZnIn2S4/Ag2CO3 Z-scheme heterostructure exhibits sensitive detection to NSE, and presents a linear range of 50 fg·mL−1 200 ng·mL−1 with a limit of detection of 4.86 fg·mL−1. The proposed PEC biosensor provides a potential approach for clinical diagnosis.

The gold-catalyzed cyclization-functionalization is a powerful approach to construct high-value organic molecules. However, current strategies mainly rely on expensive external oxidants or pre-functionalized substrates, which exhibit low atom economy and high costs. Considering the current increasing demand for environmentally friendly and atomically efficient processes, the development of greener and more efficient synthetic strategies becomes more valuable and attractive. To circumvent these drawbacks, we developed a green gold-catalyzed cyclization-functionalization strategy using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. A direct construction of 3-alkynylbenzofurans from terminal alkynes was possible by this gold-catalyzed process. Green and inexpensive oxidants, simple gold catalysts, mild reaction conditions, high atom economy, remarkable selectivity, wide substrate scope, broad functional group compatibility and a facile gram-scale synthesis make this alkynylative cyclization method practical for many forms of cyclization reactions. In contrast to prior methods neither pre-functionalized alkynes nor expensive external oxidants are needed.

A palladium/norbornene cooperative catalyzed selective C-H bond amination of aryl iodides was explored, providing an efficient tool for constructing benzocyclic molecules. When ortho-substituted iodobenzene was involved, the C-H bond amination and following Heck cyclization efficiently delivered a 3-methyl-indole scaffold. On the other hand, we realized the controllable synthesis of monoaminated benzo-cyclobutanyl scaffold. The possible coordination of an installed terminal alkenyl group with palladium and steric hindrance were proposed to be responsible for the monoamination selectivity.

Strain-driven bifunctional SACs on a ternary Ga2FeS4 sandwich material are promising for overall water splitting.

Rationalizing a single-parameter descriptor that can conveniently and accurately evaluate the catalytic performance of single-atom catalysts (SACs) for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one of the most important and challenging goals in electrochemical energy applications. Herein, the OER processes for different SACs based on various mono-layer materials, such as transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDs) and group-III monochalcogenide mono-layers, have been systematically investigated, based on which we demonstrate that the adsorption energy (E-ad) of transition-metal (TM) atoms can serve as a promising single-parameter descriptor in conveniently and efficiently predicting the catalytic performance of SACs for the OER. A favorable linear relationship between E-ad and adsorption free energy of reaction intermediates as well as the overpotential of the OER was evidenced. The reliability of the proposed descriptor was verified using nearly 100 samples together with the consistent results compared with the available experimental data. More importantly, such a single-parameter descriptor, E-ad, can be obtained directly from the initial optimized structures, offering a simple and efficient strategy for evaluating the performance of SACs. Thus, this highlighted descriptor without the need for considering the complicated reaction process can not only reduce the computational cost but also assist in designing non-noble SACs to substitute experimentally identified Ru/Ir-based catalysts.

A visible-light-mediated aerobic α-alkylation reaction of glycine derivatives with alkyl boronic acids has been established in the presence of a Ru/Cu catalyst system, giving the desired radical coupling products efficiently. The transformation features mild reaction conditions and broad substrate scope, delivering a wide range of complex unnatural α-amino-acid derivatives.

基于氨基功能化聚离子液体与Zn2+的金属-配位作用,在室温下组装形成了具有Lewis酸碱位点的聚离子液体基金属配合物PIL-Zn,并研究了其催化CO2与环氧氯丙烷生成氯丙烯碳酸酯的催化性能.通过酸碱位点的协同作用(Br-、Zn2+),PIL-Zn可在0.1 MPa、75℃、24 h、无需外加溶剂及助催化剂的条件下高效催化转化CO2,环氧氯丙烷转化率和目标产物氯丙烯碳酸酯选择性分别为95％和99％,并且在循环使用5次后依旧保持良好的催化性能.PIL-Zn在催化转化CO2领域具有较好的应用潜力,为开发高性能催化剂材料提供了新的思路.

An efficient palladium-catalyzed aerobic alkenylhydroxylation cyclization of allenamide derivatives to synthesize piperidinol derivatives with excellent regioselectivity was developed. Both AgF and THF were proved to be important in the activation of molecular oxygen during this transformation. DFT calculation provided an explanation for the obtained E and Z configurations of the formed double bond, which might be the steric hindrance between two groups on C1 and C7. Mechanistic studies indicated that the reaction might undergo a radical process and a tentative catalytic cycle was proposed.

The one‐electron reduction (OER) can profoundly affect the structure and reactivity of organic compounds. OER induced radical decarboxylative functionalizations of redox‐active esters have gained wide concerns in this century. In this review, we present recent advances using redox‐active esters as carbon‐centered radical precursors to form carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds.

As a bridge between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyses, single-atom catalysts (SACs), especially the noble metal atoms, have received extensive attention from both the fundamental and applied perspectives recently. High cost and difficulty in synthesis are considerable factors, however, limiting the development and practical applications of SACs. Thus, seeking for non-noble SACs for substituting the noble ones is not only of vital importance but also a long-standing challenge. Herein, a surface modification strategy by introducing an oppositely charged dopant and inducing the charge transfer between the SAC and the substrate was proposed to improve the stability and catalytic performance of the non-noble Cu SAC. Using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it was demonstrated that the introduction of C in the MoS2 monolayer (C:MoS2, experimentally available) can assist in stabilizing Cu and make it more positively charged, which will facilitate the adsorption of the reactants and further enhance the activity for CO oxidation. Strikingly, our results show that CO oxidation over Cu-C:MoS2 is more favorable than over the Pt atom deposited on the pristine MoS2 (Pt-MoS2), exhibiting its potential in noble metal substitution and low-temperature CO oxidation. Additionally, Cu-C:MoS2 was observed to have a response to visible light, which manifests that it may be a promising photocatalyst. The strategy proposed here provides an efficient route to regulate the electronic structures of SACs through charge transfer, which further promotes the reactivity of the non-noble metal SACs. We hope that this strategy can contribute to design more SACs with low cost and high efficiency, which will be beneficial for their practical applications.

The electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is essential for future renewable and clean energy technology. Screening low-cost and highly active catalysts efficiently, however, is still a grand challenge. Herein, we symbolize a highly efficient guiding principle to govern the electrocatalytic activity of single-atom catalysts (SACs) based on AX (A = Al, Ga, In, and Tl; X = S and Se), BX2 (B = Mo and W) and ZrS2 monolayer substrates for the HER. Our results reveal that the catalytic performance of SACs for the HER is highly correlated with the electronegativity of the active site and its neighboring atoms as well as the distance between them. The descriptor was introduced to determine the activity of SACs for the HER, where the generalized principle can help to predict and design efficient electrochemical catalysts for hydrogen generation. More importantly, the identified descriptor can be acquired only from initial structures of the materials without considering other complicated processes involved in the HER, which is beneficial for screening catalysts more conveniently and quickly. Such an efficient descriptor, whose reliability has been demonstrated by more than 100 cases, may have potential applications in constructing efficient and low-cost SACs both theoretically and experimentally.