In this study, lignin-based conducting carbon nanofiber mat was prepared by electrospinning followed by a thermal treatment. Lignin is a sustainable carbon precursor. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) acts as a binder polymer, which increases the viscosity of the lignin solution using dimethylformamide solvent and helps in the formation of a stable nanofiber. The mixture solution was electrospun, followed by stabilisation and carbonisation to yield carbon nanofibers (CNFs). A fixed amount of external load was provided to the lignin fiber mat during the stabilisation procedure and then carbonised to yield stretched carbon nanofibers (S-CNFs). On stretching the mat, surface conductivity was enhanced by 3 times, and the surface area by 1.3 times compared to that of non-stretched CNFs. Finally, the electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) was assembled with the resulting (CNFs and S-CNFs) nanofiber mat using 6 M of KOH aqueous solution. S-CNFs mat exhibits a specific capacitance of 266 F g −1 , which was higher than that of CNFs, i.e. 258 F g −1 at a scan rate of 5 mVs −1 .

Dehydrogenation polymers (DHPs) were prepared by laccase from Rhus vernicifera and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The enzymatic ability of oxidation and polymerization was compared between these enzymes. Laccase showed higher enzyme activity against syringaldazine than ABTS, while HRP exhibited lower enzyme activity against syringaldazine than 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). These enzymes had various enzyme activity against these substrates. DHPs from sinapyl alcohol (SA) were hardly produced by each enzyme, whereas DHPs from coniferyl alcohol (CA) were produced by both enzymes. The laccase oxidized sinapyl alcohol faster than coniferyl alcohol. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis demonstrated that acetylated-DHP (Ac-DHP) from CA by laccase contained β-5 and β-β linkages, but not β-O-4 linkage. On the other hand, Ac-DHP from CA by HRP carried all these three linkages.

Abstract This article demonstrates the development of activated carbon fiber electrodes produced from hardwood kraft lignin (HKL) to fabricate electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) with high energy and power densities using an ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte. A mixture solution of HKL, polyethylene glycol as a sacrificial polymer, and hexamethylenetetramine as a crosslinker in dimethylformamide/acetic acid (6/4) was electrospun, and the obtained fibers were easily thermostabilized, followed by carbonization and steam activation to yield activated carbon fibers (ACFs). The electrochemical performance of EDLCs assembled with the ACFs, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIBF4) as an IL electrolyte and a cellulosic separator was insufficient due to the low conductivity of the electrode. The conductivity of the electrode was improved successfully by spraying conductive carbon black (CB) onto the fibers mat during electrospinning. The CB containing electrodes with improved conductivity gave the resulting EDLCs a higher electrochemical performance, with an energy density of 91.5 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 76.2 kW kg−1.

Cucurbita seed like zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle is synthesised via chemical reflux method. The phase, size and structure of ZnO elucidates by X-ray diffraction method. Infrared spectrum is revealed its functional groups which are present in the synthesised nanoparticles. The cucurbita seed like morphology of prepared zinc oxide nanoparticles were examined by SEM analysis. Optical absorption property and bandgap of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles are investigated. The electrochemical activity of Cucurbita seed like ZnO nanoparticles measurement carry out through electrochemical impedance analysis, galvanostatic charge discharge and cyclic voltammetry results

Regular catastrophes do happen and they are relentless. In any case, people are winding up progressively mindful in the idea of astute salvage tasks in such catastrophes with the goal that valuable life and material can be spared however cataclysms can't be halted. Still there are bunches of catastrophes that happen out of the blue and Earthquake is one such thing. Quakes produce an overwhelming impact and they see no distinction among human and material. Subsequently a great deal of times people are covered among the flotsam and jetsam and it become difficult to distinguish them. An opportune salvage can just spare the individuals who are covered and injured. Recognition by salvage laborers moves toward becoming tedious and because of the immense zone that gets influenced it turns out to be increasingly troublesome. So the undertaking proposes a self-ruling automated vehicle that moves in the tremor inclined region and aides in recognizing the alive individuals and salvage tasks. In this iot based live human identifying robot for seismic tremor salvage activity venture, another strategy for recognizing enduring people in destructed conditions utilizing mimicked self-governing robot is proposed. The main level is a PIR sensor utilized with a temperature sensor that is utilized as the essential sensor so as to identify the presence of living people in a scene. Remote correspondence help to require the people. [1],[ 3],[5]

This enterprise proposes Particle swarm upgrade based TCSC Compensator in solar primarily based breeze mixture station for Reactive electricity the board and brief adequacy exam. It also hopes to choose the placing parameters of TCSC (Thyristor controlled series Compensator) controller using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The self sufficient cream structure has been reproduced under distinct stacking situations for which a alternate paintings display has been considered. affects due to variable weight, Wind manipulate data and solar fueled insolation have been focused and the distinct direct of the shape has been concentrated inside the midst of normal and accuse situation. era effects related to Reactive strength repayment and voltage sufficiency have been improvised with PSO. [19],[20],[21]

In this study, lignin-based carbon nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning, followed by carbonization at four different temperatures (800, 1000, 1200, and 1400 °C). The surface and bulk elemental compositions were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. In addition, the structure of the prepared carbon nanofibers was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, focused ion beam microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Results showed that all carbon nanofibers, irrespective of the carbonization temperature, had homogeneous structures. They were dense and no phase separation was observed. Moreover, the nanofibers carbonized at 800 °C or 1000 °C predominately contained amorphous carbon and some non-carbon elements. When the carbonization was performed at a higher temperature (1200 °C or 1400 °C), non-carbon elements were effectively removed and nanocrystalline graphite was formed, indicating that high temperature carbonization facilitated the formation of ordered carbon structures.

The highly meritorious single crystal of DAST (4-N,N-dimethylamino-4’-N’-methylstilbazolium tosylate) was grown through solution growth technique. The grown single crystals crystalline perfection analysis was made by HRXRD studies. The dielectric constant (ε), dielectric loss (ε) of DAST crystal was studied at different temperatures. The thermal decomposition stages were examined by using thermogram of DAST crystal and also it was giving best description of kinetic changes. Dielectric character was studied to the DAST crystal. The dielectric character of DAST was too analyzed.

The article summarizes the scientific progress that has occurred in the past several years in regard to the preparation of carbon nanofibers from lignin as a low-cost environmentally-friendly raw material using electrospinning. It presents an overview of using lignin, electrospinning, and carbonization to convert lignin to carbon nanofibers. Lignin is a renewable source for carbon material, and it is very abundant in nature. It is mostly produced as a byproduct from the paper industry and biomass fractionation. Despite its extensive availability and beneficial properties, only a few studies have reported on its use in electronic applications. Lignin-based carbon nanofibers have a high surface area, high porosity, and good electrical conductivity; thus, it is proposed that they are suitable for future energy storage applications.

Nonlinear optical lithium sodium sulphate hexahydrate (LSS) crystal of 17 mm x 14 mm x 12 mm dimension was harvested by temperature reducing method. The single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction investigation studies reveal the crystal system and crystalline characters of grown LSS crystal. The FT-IR spectrum of LSS crystal was recorded to confirm its functional constituents present in the synthesized compound. Mechanical ability of the grown LSS crystal was studied by Vicker’s hardness method. The etching pattern was recorded to identify the growth feature of the grown crystal. The parameters of dielectric constant and dielectric loss were calculated for the grown crystal. Thermal analysis was carried out on the crystal by employing thermogravimetric method. The cutoff wavelength and optical transmittance character and second harmonic generation efficiency of the LSS crystal were done by UV-Visible and Kurtz-Perry studies respectively.

In this study, Polylactic acid and Hydroxypropyl cellulose (PLA-HPC) fibers were fabricated by electrospinning. Methylene blue (MEB), as a model hydrophilic drug was embedded into PLA-HPC fibrous membranes. SEM results depicted that fibers are smooth, cylindrical, uniform and it confirmed the incorporation of MEB in PLA fibers alter the fibers morphology. Studies show the on-demand release of drug from PLA-HPC fibrous membranes under temperature stimuli which were absent in membranes manufactured out of PLA. This can be attributed to reversible volume phase transitions of HPC molecules in response to applied external temperature. This study may provide more efficient strategies for developing materials with on-demand drug release capability.

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is blended with Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). A series of mixtures are converted to fibers via electrospinning at room temperature. The fiber diameter of PLA decreases on blending with PEG from 6 down to 3 micrometers and with PEG + MNPs down ca. 1 micrometer. The thermogravimetric study confirms the effect of blending, enhancing the stability on adding PEG to PLA. The magnetic properties of polymer fibers containing different concentrations of MNPs are studied by vibrating sample magnetometer. The fiber blends shows proportionally reduced saturation magnetization compared to pure magnetic nanoparticles. The MNPs –incorporated PLA-PEG nanocomposite mat show magnetization and therefore promise the possibility for temperature effects, such as hyperthermia treatment.

Material tests were performed on a rediscovered Klimt-artwork “Trompetender Putto”. We performed studies on the red colored spots, mainly taken from non-restored parts. MIMOS II Fe-57 Mössbauer spectroscopy (novelty in art-pigment analysis) mainly reveals haematite and crystallized goethite in red colors. Electron microscopy can identify various layers of the original and overpainting of an artwork. The number of layers fluctuates between three and four chemically painted areas. The portable X-ray fluorescence analysis enables to reduce the pigment list to containing mercury (cinnabar), lead, zinc, iron and titanium. Infrared-light-irradiation visualizes the different age of the pigments.

An electrospinning technique was used to fabricate PLA, PLA-PEG and PLA-PEG-MNPs composite fibrous membranes. The morphology of electrospun composite membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscope. To test the potential availability of MNPs in PLA-PEG composite membranes, TG, Raman, Mössbauer, VSM and ICP-OES analysis were used. The PLA-PEG composite fibrous membranes showed the presence of MNPs, hence offers the possibility for magnetically triggered on-demand drug delivery.

Electromagnetic stimuli of spin crossover compounds restricted to UV-vis light irradiation for many years could be recently extended to X-ray excitation. This review covers a large variety of light-induced effects, as well as recent analogues stimulated by X-ray irradiation which have not yet been reviewed. The focus is also on multistable multinuclear spin crossover compounds which are the subject of lively discussions within the spin crossover community. Their spin transition often occurs incompletely and with different switching mechanisms. In this review, we recall a predicted sequential switching induced thermally as well as a concerted stimulation mechanism by light irradiation for these interesting multifunctional materials.

The application of nanotechnology in biomedical field has enormous potential in basic and applied research. Micro or nanofibers produced by electrospinning technique offer excellent properties because of large specific surface area, high porosity, and ability to incorporate functional additives. Here we embedded biotinylated bovine serum albumin into polylactic acid (PLA)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) fibers, which enabled specific immobilization of fluorescently labelled avidin. An alkaline phosphatase enzyme was immobilized via biotin-streptavidin interaction on the hybrid nanofibers, demonstrating the suitability of the material for biosensing applications. These functional nanofibers provide a promising platform for development of biosensors and other biofunctional materials utilizing avidin-biotin as a generic and robust immobilization method. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 356-362, 2017.

In this paper we analyzed the influence of aligned magneticfiled, radiation and chemical reaction on the flow through vertical surface in porous medium in presence of heat source. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations and solved numerically by using Shooting technique with Matlab Package. The effects of non-dimensional governing parameters on the flow, heat and mass transfer are discussed and presented with the help of graphs. Also, coefficient of skin friction, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are discussed and presented through tables. Comparisons of the results with the existed studies were presented. Present results have an excellent agreement with the existed studies under some special conditions. Key w ords: Radiation, Aligned magneticfiled, Chemical reaction, Heat source, Dissipation.

In this study, we analyzed the influence of nonlinear thermal radiation and viscous dissipation on three-dimensional MHD Casson fluid flow over a stretching surface in the presence of chemical reaction. The transformed governing equations are solved numerically using Runge-Kutta based shooting technique. The influence of non-dimensional parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles along with the friction factor, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are discussed with the help of graphs and tables. It is found that an increase in the nonlinear thermal radiation parameter enhances the temperature profiles of the flow.  Chemical reaction parameter have tendency to enhance the mass transfer rate. Keywords: MHD, Casson fluid, Radiation, Chemical Reaction, Dissipation.