In order to explore the suitable transplanting methods in Xinyang tobacco-growing area and improve flue-cured tobacco quality.A field experiment including three different transplanting methods were carried out in Luoshan county:conventional film transplanting(CK),upturned cup transplanting(T1)and seedling film transplanting(T2),then we compared the difference of soil temperature of ridges at different depths,root biomass of tobacco plants,agronomic properties of tobacco plants,appearance quality and economic properties of flue-cured tobacco leaves.The results showed that transplanting for 30～60 days,the surface soil temperature of CK and T1 treatment was higher than that of seedling under film transplanting(T2 treatment),and the fresh weight and dry weight of tobacco roots were T1＞T2＞CK;during the later tobacco growth stage(70～95 days),T3 treatment can effectively improve the surface soil temperature of the ridge,and the change of root biomass was same as that in the earlier growing stage.after transplanting for 30 days,the stem circumference,maximum leaf length,maximum leaf width and leave number of tobacco plant showed as CK＞T2＞T1.After transplanting for 45 days,the tobacco plant grew rapidly except for the leave number after transplanting for 75 days,all agronomic traits showed as T2＞CK＞T1.The economic proper-ties of flue-cured tobacco and the sensory evaluation quality of flue-cured leaves at each leaf position were T1＞T2＞CK.The output value per hectare of flue-cured tobacco at T1 treatment was 16.97％and 12.29％,and the average price was 12.97％and 10.20％higher than that in CK and T2 treatment respectively.In conclusion,upturned cup transplanting under film in Xinyang tobacco-growing area was better in improving the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.

为探索K326在信阳植烟区适宜的种植密度,在固定行距120 cm条件下开展45、50、55、60、70 cm共5种株距配置试验,分析不同株距对烟株生长发育、叶片净光合作用速率、经济效益及评吸质量的影响.结果表明,烟株茎围与株距成正比,株距55 cm株高显著高于其他处理、株距50 cm叶片最长、株距70 cm叶片最宽;叶片净光合作用速率随着株距增加呈现出先增加后降低在增加的趋势;株距为55 cm烤后烟中部叶和上部叶感官质量均最好.综合分析:信阳植烟区K326行距120 cm前提下配置株距55 cm烟株发育和叶片净光合作用速率较为适宜、烤后烟经济效益及品质最佳.

为探索豫南烟区中部叶不同成熟度烟叶的适宜烘烤工艺,实现烟农增收和烟叶品质提升的目的,以云烟87中部叶为材料,首先对烟叶成熟度进行了分类,然后针对不同成熟度的烟叶分别进行烘烤工艺优化.结果表明:对鲜烟叶进行成熟度分类,该批次鲜烟叶中适熟与低成熟度烟叶的比例为3:1;通过对不同成熟度烟叶分类装炕精准烘烤(低成熟度烟叶采用T1工艺,主要是延长烘烤预变黄过程、提升烟叶的后熟效应;适熟烟叶采用T3工艺,主要是定色前降低烟叶水分,并延长定色烘烤时间),其烤后烟叶综合的上等烟比例和均价分别较常规烘烤提升8.20％和8.95％,均达到显著水平;同时,T1工艺和T3工艺分别能够显著提升低成熟度烟叶和适熟烟叶烤后的经济效益、外观质量及评吸质量,并提高主要化学成分的整体协调性.

对河南省信阳市罗山县2010─2019年烤烟大田期(4─9月)的主要气象因子与烤后烟叶的理化性质进行了统计分析.结果显示:在不同年份间温度、日照时长、相对湿度较为稳定,而降水量变异系数较大;烟叶的总糖、还原糖、总植物碱、钾、总氮含量以及糖碱比较为稳定,而氯和淀粉含量变化较大;日照时长与烟叶拉力、含梗率、叶面密度、叶片厚度呈显著相关;平均气温和相对湿度与烟叶还原糖、总氮、总糖、总植物碱含量以及钾氯比呈显著正相关;月平均降水量对上部烟叶钾、植物碱、氯含量、糖碱比以及中部叶总糖、总氮、淀粉、钾含量、糖碱比影响显著;日照总长对上部烟叶总糖、总氮、淀粉含量以及中部烟叶糖碱比、氮碱比、钾氯比影响显著.

以烟用烤房内生产豌豆苗为材料,研究不同光质(蓝光、红光、蓝红混合光)对豌豆苗长、重量积累、色素含量及营养物质含量的影响.结果表明,相同光照条件下,相对较高的喷水频度能够提高豌豆苗长、鲜重和干重、色素含量和营养成分含量,其中蓝光照射条件下,叶绿素a、VC含量和总酚含量显著增加,红光照射条件下,叶绿素b、类黄酮和总酚含量显著增加,蓝红混合光照条件下,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、VC含量和类黄酮含量显著增加.相同喷水频度下,蓝光处理能够显著提升苗长及显著增加豌豆苗茎叶鲜重、总鲜重、总干重.不同光质对豌豆苗叶片中不同色素含量的影响存在差异,蓝光处理显著增加叶绿素a含量,红光处理显著增加叶绿素b含量,蓝红混合光照处理显著增加类胡萝卜素含量.红光处理酚类物质含量显著高于其他光质.蓝光照射处理VC含量、可溶性蛋白含量和类黄酮含量高于红光照射.豌豆苗中色素总量与VC含量、类黄酮含量呈极显著正相关,与可溶性蛋白含量呈显著正相关.总之,豌豆苗生产过程中采用蓝光照射配合较高的喷水频度能够改善豌豆苗生长发育状况和达到提升豌豆苗营养价值的目的.