总结了参加国家及安徽省棉花产业技术体系工作的经验、体会和思考,主要有:爱岗敬业、团队稳定和人才培养是保障;深入调研、掌握实情和找准问题是基础;岗站合作、纵横结合核心技术集成创新是关键;技术产品化和技术标准化是抓手;科技培训、基地建设和成果可视化是手段;对接政府和经营主体,聚焦全产业链,服务产业竞争力提升是根本.

为探究生物质热解液和农药腐霉利混配对番茄灰霉病的协同防病作用、减农药作用及机理,进行了室内抑菌试验,测电导率、蛋白质和核酸外渗浓度、总糖含量、蛋白质含量、蛋白酶活性、几丁质酶活性、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性,活体植株上测防疫酶活性以及离体果实上进行了防病试验.结果表明,生物质热解和腐霉利1:9混配具有明显的协同增效作用且防效最高,在果实防病试验中,达到69.36％,混剂中减少腐霉利含量时也得到较高的防治效果;混剂处理的番茄灰霉病菌菌丝中的几丁质酶活性、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性和蛋白酶活性显著高于对照和单剂处理,结果菌体的保护屏障被打破,使培养液的电导率、蛋白质和核酸含量上升;混剂处理的番茄叶片中SOD、POD、CAT酶活性及叶绿素含量明显高于对照和单剂处理.总之,生物质热解液和腐霉利混配对番茄灰霉病有协同防病作用和减农药作用,其机理为混配对病菌菌丝的破坏作用增强和番茄植株抗病性的诱导作用.

从发展现状、形势分析、发展展望等方面对2009—2018年安徽省棉花产业进行了总结,对存在问题、发展潜力、发展方向及对策等进行了分析,旨在为各级政府和相关部门决策咨询提供科学依据,为棉花相关新型农业经营主体和企业等提供参考.

At present, increasing attention is being paid to photothermal therapy corresponding to the second near infrared (NIR-II) range (1000-1700 nanometers); however, its biomedical applications related to carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) have always been limited by the large-scale fabrication of excellent diagnostic probes with a suitable size and optical absorption cross-section. Herein, we successfully prepared Bi@C nanoparticles with a suitable size and high output (3.14 g per patch) through a one-pot hydrothermal method. By combining Bi with carbon, the optical absorption in the NIR-II range was enhanced compared to that for single carbon; moreover, Bi@C could no longer be easily oxidized due to the protection of outer C compared with individual Bi. Furthermore, because of the high atomic number of Bi (Z = 83), the Bi@C nanoparticles exhibited computed imaging contrast properties. According to the in vitro and in vivo experiments, the Bi@C nanoparticles could ablate cancer cells under illumination with a 1064 nm laser with deeper penetration and an appropriate permissible exposure (MPE) to the laser (1 W cm-2), showing excellent performance for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. This study provides a simple method to synthesize metal-carbon nanocomposites to enhance the NIR-II optical absorption efficiency for effective deep-seated tumor photothermal therapy and will further broaden the applications of CNMs.

BACKGROUND:Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often have CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) dysfunction and chronic inflammation. We aim to investigate the effect, function, and related mechanism of low-dose IL-2 on CD4+ regulatory T cells expansion in vitro from patients with CKD.METHODS:A total of 148 newly diagnosed patients with CKD at Stage III and 35 healthy volunteer subjects were recruited into our studies. The number of peripheral Tregs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from CKD patients, which were characterized by FACS as CD4+CD25hi and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+. The effect of low-dose IL-2 on expansion of Tregs, and the suppressive function of expanded Tregs were also analyzed by FACS. The levels of FoxP3 mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR. The activation of IL-2 induced Stat5 and blocking experiments were assessed by Western Blotting and FACS.RESULTS:We found that the frequency of peripheral Tregs from CKD patients was significantly lower than that in healthy volunteer subjects. We also showed that IL-2 selectively expanded CD4+CD25hi and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, and also upregulated the expression of FoxP3 mRNA. Our in vitro studies demonstrated that expanded CD4+ regulatory T cells from CKD patients suppressed proinflammatory Th1 and Th17 cell response. Furthermore, STAT5 activation is required for IL-2-induced expansion of regulatory T cells and expression of FoxP3 mRNA from CKD patients.CONCLUSIONS:Our findings support the clinical Treg defects in CKD patients with glomerular diseases, and the rationale of evaluating low-dose IL-2 treatment for selectively modulating CD4+ Tregs.

在安徽省沿江植棉区机采棉管理模式下,研究了缩节胺用量在不同基因型棉花品种上的应用效果.结果表明,短季棉品种缩节胺用量为90.0～135.0 g·hm-2、杂交种缩节胺用量为180.0 g·hm-2时均能塑造理想的机采棉群体结构,促进棉铃集中成铃、集中吐絮,提高棉花铃重、增加籽棉产量.

笔者总结了国家棉花产业技术体系建立和运行10年以来,皖北综合试验站的工作经验与体会.主要有:团队稳定和人才培养是保障,深入调研和掌握实情是基础,岗站合作核心技术集成创新是关键,技术产品化和技术标准化是抓手,技术培训和基地建设是手段.

Biosynthesis has attracted numerous attentions recently in the field of nanomaterial synthesis owing to its non-toxicity and environmental protection. Herein, AuNPs were successfully prepared by biosynthesis with Pleurotus ostreatus produced laccase as reducing agent. The formation of metallic Au was confirmed by both UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). As shown form the results of scanning electron microscopy, the mean size of the biosynthesized AuNPs were 47 nm. The biosynthesized AuNPs were then applied for the modification of screen printed electrode. The electrochemical sensor constructed with AuNPs/SPE electrode demonstrated remarkable performance towards the determination of carbendazim in vegetable.

BACKGROUND/AIMS:Indoxyl sulfate, an important protein-bound uremic toxin, can damage stem cells, thus hampering stem cell-based regenerative medicine approaches targeting chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are thought to have promising clinical application because of their high proliferative potential and ease of isolation than MSCs from other sources. In the present study, we aimed to determine the harmful effects of indoxyl sulfate on the phenotype and functional potential of hUC-MSCs in vitro.METHODS:The toxicity and cell viability was examined by Trypan blue exclusion and MTT assay. The cellular surface markers and the percentage of apoptotic cells by Annexin-V/PI staining were analyzed by flow cytometry. Proliferation was evaluated based on cell number counting and Ki-67 immunostaining. Cell senescence was measured using senescence-associated β-Galactosidase activity. The ability to stimulate the development of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells was assessed by incubating hUC-MSCs with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the healthy volunteers.RESULTS:Our results demonstrated that the immunophenotype of hUC-MSCs was not affected by indoxyl sulfate flow cytometry. However, a significant decrease in cell numbers and fraction of Ki-67 positive proliferating cells, along with a significant increase in cellular senescence were detected in hUC-MSCs after exposure to indoxyl sulfate. Additionally, their ability to stimulate CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cell production was compromised when hUC-MSCs were pretreated with indoxyl sulfate.CONCLUSION:Taken together, our study clearly demonstrated that the molecular alterations and functional incompetence in hUC-MSCs under the challenge of indoxyl sulfate in vitro.

In this work, we have prepared fluorescent-magnetic silica nanoparticles (NPs) based on RuBpy-doped silica NPs and super paramagnetic Fe 3 O 4 NPs using coating method. RuBpy-doped silica NPs (~60 nm) and Fe 3 O 4 NPs (~10 nm) are first prepared using the reverse micro emulsion method (W/O) and the high temperature oil cracking method, respectively. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) is then conjugated to the surface of RuBpy-doped silica NPs. Coordination reaction between amines of PEI modified RuBpy-doped silica NPs and Fe 3 O 4 is further performed in the n-hexanol to realize magnetic materials coating. After silanization and carboxylation of prepared fluorescent-magnetic silica nanoparticles (FMNPs), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) molecules are conjugated to carboxyl-modified fluorescent-magnetic silica NPs (FMNPs-COOH, 100 nm). To demonstrate the biological application of as-prepared fluorescent-magnetic silica NPs, WGA-conjugated fluorescent-magnetic silica NPs (FMNPs-WGA) are incubated with human lung cancer A549 cells and separated by a magnetic field and then imaged using fluorescence microscopy. The results of fluorescence imaging show that fluorescent-magnetic-bifunctional nanoprobes prepared by this method could be used for highly efficient recognition and separation of cancer cells.

为了建立安徽沿江棉区机采棉种植模式,采用正交设计3套3因素3水平田间试验,研究了安徽沿江棉区机采棉优化栽培技术.结果表明,对安徽沿江棉区机采棉产量影响显著的栽培因子有品种、播期和种植密度等,DPC、N和去蕾措施等3个栽培因子对机采棉产量有不同程度的影响.综合考虑,将安徽沿江棉区机采棉栽培技术优化为:品种选用‘中棉所50’、‘机收50’等早熟品种,于5月下旬直播,播种密度为10.50万株hm2～11.25万株/hm2,N用量为180 kg/hm2左右,DPC用量为180～270 g/hm2,施肥和化控的具体方法要结合地力、长势、天气等因素综合考虑,条件允许时可以适当去除早蕾或晚蕾以促使机采棉成铃更为集中.

Adamantane-modified salicylrhodamine B and β-cyclodextrin-modified Fe3O4@SiO2 were assemblied by host–guest interactions which induced novel inclusion complex magnetic nanoparticles (SFIC MNPs) colorimetric sensitive for Cu2+ being prepared. The MNPs exhibit a clear color change from colorless to pink selectively and sensitively with the addition of Cu2+ in the experiments of UV–visible spectra, and the detection limit measures up to 5.99×10−6 M in solutions of CH3CN–H2O =1:10. The SFIC magnetic nanoparticles are superparamagnetic according to magnetic measurements and can be separated and collected easily with a commercial magnet in nine seconds. In addition, the microspheres have also showed good ability of separating for other ions from aqueous solutions due to a large number of hydroxyl groups on the surface.

针对当前安徽省棉花生产面临的棉农种棉积极性急剧降低、棉花种植面积大幅下降等严峻形势，分析了安徽省发展机采棉的可行性，提出了相关对策与建议，探讨了机采棉研究的技术路线和关键问题。

涝害是棉花生产中面临的重要自然灾害之一,严重制约了棉花种植面积和产量.为了研究涝渍灾害对棉花生长发育状况的影响,本研究从棉花的形态生长、生理特性及植物激素变化等方面概述了涝害胁迫的研究现状及进展,分析了涝害对棉花生理机制造成的影响,以及涝害胁迫下棉花通气组织的形成及酶代谢适应性变化,并就棉花耐涝性鉴定方法、评价指标及其品种选育等提出了需要进一步研究和探讨的建议.

为了对2012年安徽省棉花生产进行总体评述,通过采用中国棉花生长指数(CCGI)评价方法,分析了约600个棉花种植户的连续监测数据.结果表明:安徽省2012年气候条件比较有利于棉花生长发育,棉花生长指数为105,表明棉花生长情况整体略好于2011年;安徽省2012年棉花种植面积较2011年下降11.1％,单产下降0.8％,总产下降11.8％;2012年新棉价格较2011年基本持平,但棉花生产物化和人工成本增加,植棉收益较2011年下降34.7％;棉花生产景气度持续下降,监测显示2013年安徽省植棉面积较2012年下降18.0％.

[目的]诱变、筛选赤霉素高产菌株,并明确该菌遗传稳定性及部分发酵特性.[方法]利用亚硝基胍、60Co-γ射线以及复合诱变的方法,结合抑真菌剂-特比萘芬抗性筛选,定向选育赤霉素高产突变株;通过琼脂斜面传代实验确定遗传稳定性;发酵罐培养了解其部分发酵性状.[结果]藤仓赤霉菌单细胞悬液先后经过终浓度为300 mg/L亚硝基胍30 min和60Co-γ射线300戈瑞下复合诱变,得到抗120 μg/L特比萘芬的赤霉菌突变株.摇瓶复筛,确定赤霉素突变菌株的赤霉素合成能力,其中ZNL13-3菌产赤霉素效价为2 215±35mg/L,较之诱变前发酵效价平均提高了11.87％.ZNL13-3菌株经连续15次试管斜面传代考察,菌株赤霉素合成的稳定性较好,能维持原发菌株93.2％,具有良好的遗传稳定性和生产应用前景.5L发酵罐培养,比较菌丝浓度和产物浓度随发酵时间变化趋势,ZNL13-3菌比生产速率优于原发菌株.[结论]赤霉菌抗特比萘芬的变异特性与赤霉素高产之间存在某种对应关系,为进一步定向优化筛选优良菌株提供参考.

The genetic distance of sixty-nine flue-cured tobacco germplasm resources were analyzed by the field performance characters and SSR markers .The genetic distance was 0.32-7.83 among 69 flue-cured tobacco germplasm varieties , with an average of 2.80.The genetic similarity index was 0.30 -0.96 among 69 flue-cured tobacco varieties , with an average of 0.70 .Cluster analysis based on the ma-trix of genetic distance and genetic similarity index , respectively, was performed.Clustering results showed that the tested tobacco varieties could be divided into foreign varieties , domestic varieties , early-flowering type , late-flowering type etc ..The combination of morphological markers and molecular mark-ers to evaluate the genetic diversity of flue-cured tobacco germplasm resources may reveal the interspecific genetic diversity and genetic relationship of tobacco , providing the theory basis for parental selection in cross breeding of tobacco genetic breeding .

该项研究以安徽省沿江棉区的棉花为研究对象，采用“大配方、小调整”策略，研究区域大配方、小调整和缓释配方的应用效果，为棉花简化、节本、高效施肥提供依据。结果表明，从产量上来比较，望江县以大配方处理最优，略优于小调整，东至县则以小调整优于大配方；从效益上分析，棉花专用配方缓控释肥处理最高，小调整次之，随后是大配方处理。因此，大配方小调整更高产，棉花专用配方缓控释肥更高效。

A novel surface modification strategy for an electrospun nanofibrous film was reported, allowing detection and removal of copper ions in the aqueous solution. This reusable dual fluorescent-colorimetric nanofibrous film can be utilized conveniently to achieve real-time naked-eye sensing in aqueous medium just like using a test paper.

To investigate the appearance characteristics of fully mature flue-cured tobacco leaves growing in Guangdong,the effects of harvesting time on the enzymes key to carbon and nitrogen metabolism and main chemical components in flue-cured tobacco were studied with field experiments.The results showed that: except for middle leaves,the amylase activity in tobacco leaves increased gradually,while nitrate reductase(NR) activity in tobacco leaves raised first,then declined with the delay of harvesting time.The delay of harvesting time was beneficial to reducing starch and total nitrogen contents,increasing total sugar and reducing sugar contents,and promoting nicotine accumulation.In upper leaves,amylase activity significantly negatively correlated to starch content,while NR activity extremely significantly positively correlated to total nitrogen content.In middle leaves,NR activity extremely significantly negatively correlated to starch content,while extremely significantly positively correlated to nicotine content.In lugs,amylase activity extremely significantly positively correlated to total sugar and nicotine contents,while extremely significantly negatively correlated to total nitrogen and protein contents.The current standard of leaf harvesting was proper for flyings,however,it was recommended to delay for 5-10 days for lugs,middle and upper leaves.Meanwhile,the appearance characteristics of mature flue-cured tobacco leaf in Guangdong were proposed.