As a typical cathode material for zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), β-MnO2 has been widely investigated due to its high potential and capacity, nevertheless, it suffers from low electronic conductivity, limited Zn2+ transport kinetics and structural collapse during cycling. Herein, the Yimin lignite has been exploited as the precursor to prepare lignite-based porous carbon (LPC) with micro-mesoporous hierarchical structure via K2CO3 chemical activation and carbonization process. The β-MnO2/LPC composite has been constructed by a straight-forward hydrothermal strategy. The results demonstrate that the high surface area and hierarchical pore structure of LPC not only provide abundant anchoring sites for β-MnO2 but also significantly enhance the structural stability through the generation of Mn-O-C interfacial coupling bonds. The kinetic measurements indicate that the introduction of LPC markedly improves the ion diffusion and electron transfer ability of β-MnO2/LPC. As a result, β-MnO2/LPC can not only display a reversible capacity of 204.2 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1, but also maintain 96.5% of its capacity after 1000 cycles at 0.5 A g−1, much better than bare β-MnO2 (48.4%). This work not only affords a new route for the grading utilization of lignite but also offers a theoretical basis for designing high-performance carbon/metal oxide composite for ZIBs.

As an intrinsic magnetic topological insulator, MnBi2Te4 (MBT) has garnered significant attention owing to its unique magnetic and topological properties. However, the mechanism by which oxygen-doping modulates the transport properties in MBT remains unclear. The electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance of MBT and the related attenuation mechanism lack clarification. Here, a progressive oxygen regulation strategy is proposed for MBT for the first time, achieving broad high-frequency EMW attenuation at small thickness. The EMW attenuation performance is synergistically manipulated by multiple factors, such as morphology, defect and conductivity, which significantly enhances its polarization loss and optimizes impedance matching. It is demonstrated that the extent of oxidation doping (i.e., the number of oxidized layers and types of oxidized bonds) significantly influences its intrinsic conductivity and polarization loss. Accordingly, the surface oxidized MBT exhibited an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.63 GHz (1.31 mm thickness), representing a 61% enhancement compared to the pristine MBT. Furthermore, the radar cross section is reduced by-25 dB across an ultra-wide angular range of-90 degrees-90 degrees. This work not only elucidates the distinct role of oxidative doping in modulating the intrinsic conductivity and EMW absorption, but also provides a feasible strategy for mitigating electromagnetic interference via MBT.

Ni2P/Fe-modified porous carbon microtubes (Fe/Ni2P-PCMT) with high specific surface area and rich pore structure are obtained from renewable palm thread by a freeze-drying-calcination process. Due to the triple effect of "constraint-adsorption-catalysis" toward lithium polysulfides, Fe/Ni2P-PCMT significantly enhances the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries both as S-host or modification coating of separator. The cell using Fe/Ni2P-PCMT as cathodic S-host delivers a high initial capacity of 1140.1 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 C, and the capacity decay rate is only 0.077% per cycle after 600 cycles at 1 C. In addition, Fe/Ni2P-PCMT can also be applied to modify polypropylene (pp) diaphragm, the cell assembled with Fe/Ni2P-PCMT-modified separator and commercial Kochen black cathode delivers a higher initial capacity of 1311.4 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 C, which is much higher than that of pure pp separator (968.1 mAh g(-1)), and its initial capacity can still reach 663.3 mAh g(-1) at a high current density of 5 C, with a low capacity decay rate of 0.069% per cycle after 600 cycles at 1 C. This study opens up a path to construct advanced lithium-sulfur batteries using sustainable biomass-derived porous carbon microtubes.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has attracted substantial attention in trace detection owing to its high sensitivity. Nevertheless, it remains a challenge to flexibly regulate the SERS performance with a fixed excitation light. Herein, a composite SERS substrate of silver nanoparticle/barium titanate hollow microsphere array (Ag/BTO HMA) was proposed. By modulating the size of the BTO HMA, precise regulation of the plasmonic resonance peak was realized. The effective matching between the substrate and the excitation light enhances the light-matter interaction, thereby augmenting the SERS signal intensity. Moreover, the intrinsic pyroelectric effect of BTO generates a pyroelectric field upon thermal stimulation, which significantly promotes charge transfer between molecules and the substrate. Under the combined effects of absorption peak adjustment and pyroelectric fields, the SERS signal of this composite substrate is significantly enhanced, and the detection limit is reduced by two orders of magnitude.

Solid-state batteries, which incorporate a Li metal anode and a high-voltage Ni-rich layered oxide (LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2, x ≥ 0.8) (NCM) cathode, offer the promise of high energy density for next-generation batteries. Although solid-state electrolytes are anticipated to enhance safety and performance over conventional liquid-state electrolytes, they still fail to prevent non-uniform lithium deposition on the anode surface. Moreover, while solid-state electrolytes can partially suppress parasitic reactions at the cathode-electrolyte interface, mitigating structural degradation caused by Li/Ni antisite disorder remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate a two-orders-of-magnitude enhancement in the internal magnetic field during battery cycling by incorporating Fe3O4 nanorods within the solid electrolyte. The strengthened magnetic field alters the deposition behavior of lithium ions on the anode via the magnetohydrodynamic effect and, concurrently, suppresses the structural degradation of the cathode by regulating the spin state of Ni3 +. The enhanced internal magnetic field applies throughout the entire life of the NCM||Li all-solid-state battery, improving its cycling stability. Unlike external magnetic fields, this internal approach requires no complex equipment and avoids integration challenges.

The effective treatment of oily wastewater, particularly stable oil/water emulsions, remains a significant challenge due to the lack of advanced separation materials that concurrently offer high permeability, superior selectivity, and robust antifouling stability. To address these challenges, this study develops a super-aligned carbon nanotube (SACNT) membrane with tailored superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity via a rational two-step surface engineering strategy, involving polydopamine priming and subsequent grafting of aminated SiO2 nanoparticles. The morphology, chemical composition, and wetting behavior of the membranes were systematically characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements, while its separation performance was evaluated in terms of molecular weight cut-off (MWCO), water permeability, oil rejection rate, and long-term antifouling stability. The sequential deposition of polydopamine and aminated SiO2 nanoparticles enabled the construction of a highly ordered, cross-stacked CNT framework with uniform nanopores, achieving a water contact angle of ∼0° within 1 s and an underwater oil contact angle of ∼155°. The resulting membrane demonstrated exceptional separation efficiency (>99.2% oil rejection) and outstanding antifouling stability, maintaining >70% flux recovery over ten filtration cycles, which was attributed to its well-defined nanopores (MWCO ∼530 kDa), high water permeability (7.22 × 10−6 m s−1 kPa−1), and stable hydration layer. This work provides a generalizable platform for designing high-performance, durable separation membranes through bottom-up nanoscale engineering, opening a viable path toward the development of advanced CNT-based materials for sustainable water purification.

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites exhibit exceptional photovoltaic properties, but interfacial recombination and inefficient charge extraction limit inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we design a gradient-doped NiO homojunction (GHJ) to overcome these challenges. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation results demonstrate the advantages of cobalt dopant. The GHJ structure, fabricated via layer-by-layer spin-coating, creates terraced band bending and an enhanced built-in electric field, benefiting hole extraction while suppressing non-radiative recombination. Consequently, inverted PSCs with GHJ achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.48 % (open-circuit voltage: 1.12 V), surpassing control devices using undoped NiO (17.1 %) or uniformly Co-doped NiO (18.55 %). The GHJ devices also retain >94 % initial PCE after 300 h, demonstrating superior operational stability. This work establishes gradient homojunction engineering as a robust strategy for high-efficiency, stable perovskite photovoltaics.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping medical informatics from a discipline of data management into a science of integration, inference, and translation. As biomedical data proliferate across physiological, clinical, and molecular domains, AI functions as the integrative engine that transforms complexity into actionable understanding. In this survey, we synthesize recent advances spanning data representation, algorithmic innovation, and clinical deployment, emphasizing the transition from isolated tasks to cohesive systems that link discovery and care. We highlight how advances in medical AI algorithms across clinical data, medical imaging, and multi-omics are beginning to converge with applications in clinical diagnosis, drug discovery, precision medicine, and surgery. Looking ahead, medical AI is moving toward a self-reflective and collaborative paradigm, where progress in multi-modality, trustworthiness, human-machine synergy, and ethical reasoning may allow intelligence to be woven into the pipeline of clinical practice and fulfill its translational promise.

Sn has gained broad attention due to its high theoretical capacity, however, it usually suffers from serious capacity loss during cycling. Herein, N-doped lignite-derived graphene-like C (NLG) has been prepared via a novel hydrothermal extraction-pyrolysis method, and the Sn/N-doped lignite-derived graphene-like C composite (Sn/ NLG) is constructed by a facile self-assembling process. In Sn/NLG, tin nanoballs are uniformly embedded in porous NLG, which is beneficial for restricting the volume expansion and accelerating the electrolyte infiltration. Consequently, Sn/NLG has demonstrated good lithium storage performance. A high reversible capacity of 922 mAh/g can be achieved after 300 cycles at 100 mA/g, which is superior to Sn and NLG. The cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results reveal that NLG can enhance the electron transfer and the Li+ ion diffusion kinetics. The superior lithium storage mechanism of Sn/NLG is further investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and Dynamic simulations. The results indicate that the ion conductivity of Sn/NLG is superior to that of metallic Sn, and Li+ ions are more likely to transport between the interface of Sn and NLG, which are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Network pharmacology (NP) explores pharmacological mechanisms through biological networks. Multi-omics data enable multi-layer network construction under diverse conditions, requiring integration into NP analyses. We developed POINT, a novel NP platform enhanced by multi-omics biological networks, advanced algorithms, and knowledge graphs (KGs) featuring network-based and KG-based analytical functions. In the network-based analysis, users can perform NP studies flexibly using 1,158 multi-omics biological networks encompassing proteins, transcription factors, and non-coding RNAs across diverse cell line-, tissue- and disease-specific conditions. Network-based analysis-including random walk with restart (RWR), GSEA, and diffusion profile (DP) similarity algorithms-supports tasks such as target prediction, functional enrichment, and drug screening. We merged networks from experimental sources to generate a pre-integrated multi-layer human network for evaluation. RWR demonstrated superior performance with a 33.1 second-best algorithm, PageRank, in identifying known targets across 2,002 drugs. Additionally, multi-layer networks significantly improve the ability to identify FDA-approved drug-disease pairs compared to the single-layer network. For KG-based analysis, we compiled three high-quality KGs to construct POINT KG, which cross-references over 90 illustrated the platform's capabilities through two case studies. POINT bridges the gap between multi-omics networks and drug discovery; it is freely accessible at http://point.gene.ac/.

Despite the rapid progress in predicting 2D magnetic second-order topological insulators (SOTIs), effective strategies for manipulating their spin-polarized corner states remain largely unexplored. The interplay between ferroelectricity, chirality, magnetism, and topology presents an untapped opportunity for controlling these corner states. Here, we propose a novel approach for tuning spin-polarized corner states in 2D magnetic SOTIs by inducing ferroelectric chirality in 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with intrinsic structural flexibility. Through symmetry analysis, we strategically replace pyrazine (pyz) ligands with 2-pyrazinolate (2-pyzol) ligands in the 2D MOF Cr(pyz)2, leading to the emergence of a new 2D magnetic SOTI, Cr(2-pyzol)2, which facilitates ferroelectric chirality controlled spin-polarized corner states in both spin channels. Through first-principle calculations, we demonstrate that Cr(2-pyzol)2 belongs to ferroelectric chiral systems, and its corner states can be directionally tuned in real space and spin-inverted in spin space upon ferroelectric chirality switching. Our work represents the first attempt to simultaneously manipulate corner states in both real space and spin space, offering a new strategy for integrating ferroelectric chirality into 2D MOF-based magnetic SOTIs.

The chiral edge current is the boundary manifestation of the Chern number of a quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulator. The van der Waals antiferromagnet MnBi2Te4 is theorized to be a QAH in odd-layers but has shown Hall resistivity below the quantization value at zero magnetic field. Here, we perform scanning superconducting quantum interference device (sSQUID) microscopy on these seemingly failed QAH insulators to image their current distribution. When gated to the charge neutral point, our device exhibits edge current, which flows unidirectionally on the odd-layer boundary both with vacuum and with the even-layers. The edge current chirality reverses with the magnetization of the bulk. Surprisingly, we find the edge channels coexist with finite bulk conduction even though the bulk chemical potential is in the band gap, suggesting their robustness under significant edge-bulk scattering. Our result establishes the existence of chiral edge currents in a topological antiferromagnet and offers an alternative for identifying QAH states.

Heterostructures have emerged as promising contenders for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications. Nevertheless, the construction of a composite SERS substrate with well-matched energy levels persists as a challenge, primarily due to the restricted selection of SERS-active materials. In this study, we successfully synthesized a Ag nanoparticles (NPs)/ZnO nanorods (NRs)/GaN heterojunction featuring type II staggered energy bands, which provides an outstanding platform for efficient SERS detection. Moreover, considering that both ZnO and GaN are pyroelectric semiconductor materials, the pyroelectric potential generated at the ZnO and GaN heterojunctions improves energy level matching. This, in turn, promotes charge transfer within the composite structure and substantially enhances the chemical enhancement of SERS. Under the modulation of pyroelectricity, the SERS signal intensity of rhodamine 6G (R6G) increased by approximately 15-fold, and the detection limit decreased by at least 2 orders of magnitude. Additionally, the substrate exhibited the capability to detect pollutants, such as 20 nm nanoplastics and thiram, indicating its significant potential for environmental monitoring.

The"one drug-multiple targets"paradigm has revolutionized therapeutic development for complex diseases by addressing the limitations of single-target approaches[1].However,elucidating multi-target synergism remains a major challenge.Network phar-macology(NP)enables polypharmacological investigations through biological networks[2].Recent advances have highlighted the utility of NP across diverse diseases through protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks.Although PPI networks are widely used in NP,the increasing recognition of intracellular regulatory ele-ments has expanded potential drug targets beyond proteins to include biomolecules such as transcription factors(TFs)and non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)[3].These findings demonstrate the limita-tions of relying solely on PPI networks for target discovery and highlight the need for multi-layer networks that integrate biomo-lecules across diverse regulatory levels.

Ultrabroadband photodetectors are essential for applications such as biomedical imaging, environmental assessment, optical data transmission, gas detection, and security monitoring. However, traditional semiconductor detectors are typically limited to detection within a single spectral range, and achieving ultrabroadband detection often requires integrating multiple detectors. This is particularly challenging in the terahertz range, where detection is constrained by high dark currents and the need for cryogenic cooling. As a result, expanding the detection range has become a critical focus in optoelectronic development. In this study, we successfully demonstrated ultrabroadband detection from the visible to terahertz spectrum at room temperature using a heterojunction formed by Ta2NiSe5 and graphene, driven by multiple physical mechanisms. The detector leverages the combined effects of photoexcited electron-hole pairs and the photothermal response triggered by the asymmetry of the heterojunction, achieving responsivities of 4.8 mA/W at 638 nm, 3.8 mA/W at 1550 nm, 42.9 mA/W at 0.12 THz, and 14.6 mA/W at 0.3 THz. Additionally, the device achieves NEP values as low as 7 pW/Hz(1/2) at 0.12 THz and 23 pW/Hz(1/2) at 0.3 THz, with a response time of 7.4 mu s at 0.12 THz. Our findings demonstrate a novel approach to ultrabroadband detection, achieving high sensitivity and fast response by leveraging multiple physical mechanisms. This work opens new avenues for the future development of optoelectronic detection technologies.

>Recovering waste heat from fuel energy supply is a haunting challenge for greatly reducing the emissions of greenhouse gas CO 2 ,and achieving sustainable economy.Importantly,a significant amount of energy is dissipated to environment as low-grade heat （below 250~oC）,largely produced in transportation and chemical engineering industry.It accounts for～30%of the total global energy products but is much more difficult to recycle than high-grade heat （Figure 1 A）[1].So the reuse of low-grade heat is of great importance for the future energy demands and the issue of climate change[2,3].So far,several technologies have been developed to recover low-grade waste heat,such as organic Rankine cycle,water desalination,piezoelectric,and thermoelectric conversion[4].

In recent years, there has been significant interest in transition-metal sulfides (TMSs) due to their economic affordability and excellent catalytic activity. Nevertheless, it is difficult for TMSs to achieve satisfactory performance due to problems such as low conductivity, limited catalytic activity, and inadequate stability. Therefore, a catalyst with a heterostructure constituted of a nickel–iron-layered double hydroxide, nickel sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, and cerium dioxide was designed. At the current density of 10 mA cm−2 in an alkaline solution, the catalyst exhibits a HER overpotential of 116 mV. In addition, an overpotential of 235 mV@150 mA cm−2 was displayed for OER. The catalyst showed a good retention rate (94.7% for HER, 98.6% for OER) after 160 h stability tests. The excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to the following points: 1. The self-supporting three-dimensional hierarchical structure provides abundant sites, fast ion diffusion channels, and electron transfer paths, and ensures structural stability. 2. The strong interfacial electron interaction between Ni3S2/MoS2 heterojunction and NiFe-LDH improves the OER reaction kinetics. 3. The Ce3+ and oxygen vacancies in CeO2 promote the dissociation of H2O and promote the HER reaction kinetics. This approach paves the way for developing highly efficient electrocatalysts for various electrochemical applications.