Background With the population aging, mental health of the middle-aged and elderly adults is of great concern, especially in middle-aged and elderly women. Compared with urban women, rural women are more likely to suffer from mental diseases due to their poorer health status, lower education level and backward living conditions, however, the accessibility of mental health services among them is low. Objective To understand the prevalence of depression among middle-aged and elderly women in rural China and analyze its influencing factors, in order to provide empirical evidence for improving the mental health of middle-aged and elderly women. Methods From May to July 2021, the follow-up data of the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) was extracted, and rural women aged 45 years and above were selected as the study subjects (n=6 736) . The scores of the simplified version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were used to determine the depression status of rural middle-aged and elderly women. Chi-square tests and multivariate Logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of the occurence of depressive symptoms among rural middle-aged and elderly women (including individual characteristics, health behaviors, social participation and utilization of medical services utilization) . Results The CES-D score of 6 736 rural middle-aged and elderly women was (20.0±6.9) , 42.46% (2 860/6 736) of whom had depressive symptoms. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that satisfication with health status〔OR (95%CI) =0.40 (0.36, 0.45) 〕, sleep duration ≥6 h〔OR (95%CI) =0.48 (0.43, 0.54) 〕, Internet use〔OR (95%CI) =0.63 (0.50, 0.80) 〕 and satisfication with life 〔OR (95%CI) =0.25 (0.21, 0.30) 〕 were correlated with lower risk of depression; hysical disability〔OR (95%CI) =1.41 (1.16, 1.71) 〕, suffering from chronic diseases〔OR (95%CI) =1.35 (1.21, 1.50) 〕, receiving outpatient services within 1 month〔OR (95%CI) =1.25 (1.09, 1.43) 〕 and hospitalization services within 1 year〔OR (95%CI) =1.31 (1.13, 1.52) 〕 were correlated with higher risk of depression. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, the depression status of middle-aged and elderly women in rural China is relatively severe and affected by individual characteristics, health behaviors, social participation, and the medical services utilization. It is recommended that governments and civil affairs departments at all levels pay close attention to the mental health of rural middle-aged and elderly women, especially through the intervention and prevention from multiple dimensions such as health promotion and education, medical service quality, and accessibility of information, in order to promote the construction of healthy villages and process of health aging in China.

With the relaxation of the One-Child Policy in China, women are likely to face more conflicts between childcare and work. How to boost the fertility rate and facilitate the female labor supply has become an urgent issue in China. With data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 1993–2015, this study explored the impact of having more than one child on women’s informal employment decisions using three-equation models. The models took into account the sample selection of working-age women in the labor force and the endogeneity of fertility decisions jointly. The results showed that women with more than one child were more likely to choose informal employment. The positive impact of having more children on women’s probability of informal employment was different for each group. Notably, the positive impact was stronger for women with low educational attainment, rural hukou , and especially for rural‒urban migrants. These results were robust to several alternative specifications. These findings suggest that with more children, women in China choose informal employment as a way of balancing work and family.

以2003-2018年272个地级及以上城市的面板数据为样本,采用空间计量模型和门槛模型探究经济集聚对雾霾污染的影响.结果表明,雾霾污染具有显著的空间溢出特征,经济集聚与雾霾污染之间存在典型的"倒U"型曲线关系,雾霾水平除了与本地经济生活有关,很大程度上还会受到邻近城市雾霾和相关经济活动的影响;门槛效应显示,随着科技创新水平的提高,经济集聚对雾霾的影响表现出显著的负向且边际效率递增的非线性规律.

文章选取2000—2019年城镇住户收入分组数据,测度与分析中国城镇住户相对贫困的程度,估计相对于经济增长和财富分配不平等的相对贫困弹性,构建相对贫困动态面板模型,运用系统广义矩估计方法实证分析了经济增长、财富分配与相对贫困之间的作用机理.研究发现:我国城镇住户的相对贫困率和相对贫困指数总体呈现上升态势;相对贫困将会是一个长期存在的现象;旨在减少财富分配不平等的政策比提高平均收入的政策能更有效地治理相对贫困;当经济发展水平较低、财富分配极不平等时,增加收入或改善财富分配都对城镇住户减贫的促进作用相对较弱.

基于2014—2017年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据,通过构建空间杜宾模型和面板门槛模型从代际视角检验数字普惠金融对农民工多维贫困的影响,并进一步讨论就业机会的传导机制.研究发现:数字普惠金融对新老两代农民工的多维贫困均有明显的减缓作用,且对老一代农民工的作用更大;随着经济发展水平的提高,数字普惠金融对新老两代农民工多维贫困的缓解作用加强;数字普惠金融通过提高农民工的就业机会缓解其多维贫困.

基于2011—2018年四期中国健康与养老追踪调查数据(CHARLS),测算城乡老年人老有所养、老有所依、老有所安和老有所乐四个维度的贫困指数,使用混合效应Logit模型和倾向值匹配法探究子女支持对城乡老年人多维贫困的影响.研究表明,相比于城镇老年人,农村老年人多维相对贫困的发生率更高.子女经济支持和情感支持均能缓解老年人的多维贫困,但对城乡老年人的缓解程度存在差异,子女经济支持对农村老年人的减贫作用更大,子女情感支持则对城镇老年人的减贫作用更大.在群体异质性方面,子女支持对独居老年人和有女儿的老年人的减贫作用更大.对此,提出减轻城镇家庭负担、促进农村劳动力回流和弘扬孝道文化,以缓解城乡老年人的多维贫困.

Based on the integrated data of the industrial pollution database, the customs database and the Chinese industrial enterprise database from 2000 to 2012, the system GMM Model is used to estimate the relationship between the liberalization of intermediate goods trade and corporate pollution emissions. Also, it is used to explore whether environmental regulations can achieve the reduction of intermediate goods trade effect. The results show that by dividing intermediate trade liberalization into importation and exportation, it aggravates the pollution emission of enterprises, while environmental regulations alleviate it. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the importation of intermediate products aggravates enterprise pollution in processing trade mode and reduces pollution in general trade mode. While exportation of intermediate products aggravates pollution in both of these two trade modes and only processing one is statistically significant. Geographically, both importing and exporting of intermediate goods aggravate enterprise emissions in the East and Midwest. More specifically, importation plays a bigger role in the Midwestern areas as exportation does in the eastern place. Furthermore, we discover that different industries differ greatly by dividing them into 11 categories. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the trade structure of intermediate goods while considering the different development stages of different regions at the same time.

对全国流动人口动态监测三期混合截面数据展开实证分析,加入工具变量并检验其外生性.结果发现:生育行为对不同户籍类型的流动女性的劳动参与率均产生消极影响;对于农业户籍的流动女性,子女数量与其劳动参与率之间确有内生关系,对于非农户籍的流动女性,二者之间不存在内生关系;利用工具变量解决农业户籍流动女性内生问题后,生育行为对其劳动参与率的消极影响程度加深;生育对非农户籍与农业户籍流动女性工资水平分别产生正、负效应.基于此,从国家、企业、家庭三个方面提出政策建议,倡导提高流动劳动女性的社会地位.

研发要素具有自主性、 趋优性,高技术产业的研发投入要素往往有扭曲现象.利用2009—2018年中国省际面板数据,采用生产函数法测算研发人员和研发资本要素的市场扭曲指数,并运用动态广义矩估计法实证分析研发要素市场扭曲对高技术产业创新绩效的影响.结果表明:两种研发要素市场均存在不同程度的扭曲态势,且研发人员要素市场扭曲水平大于研发资本市场扭曲水平;研发要素市场扭曲对高技术产业创新绩效的影响具有拐点效应;研发要素市场扭曲有利于中西部地区高技术产业发展,对东部地区的高技术产业发展不利.

为了研究地区分层效应下残疾人的就业状况及其影响因素的重要程度,基于2017年全国残疾人基本服务状况和需求专项调查中的S省数据,选取基本人口学因素、家庭因素、社会环境因素等变量,引入地区分层变量,构建两水平Logistic回归模型对残疾人就业影响因素进行分析,并基于梯度提升决策树(GBDT)模型对影响因素进行重要性度量.研究结果表明,基本人口学因素对残疾人就业的影响作用最强,社会环境因素次之,家庭因素最弱.影响残疾人就业的因素中,重要性得分最高的前三位分别为受教育程度、残疾类型、年龄.地区分层效应下,受教育程度、家庭收入状况、家庭住房状况对残疾人就业具有显著正向作用,残疾等级、是否参加医疗保险对残疾人就业呈现负向作用.

为了研究流动人口的健康状况及其影响因素的重要程度,对流动人口的健康问题有宏观的了解,采用2017年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查数据,选取社会公共服务因素和个体因素,引入地区分层变量,构建多水平Logistic模型对流动人口的健康进行分析,并基于随机森林模型对影响因素进行重要性度量.研究显示全国流动人口的健康率较高,其中受教育程度与月收入跟健康状况有正的趋势性,年龄、流入时间、月支出对健康状况呈现负的趋势性.在流动人口健康影响因素重要性度量中排名前五的因素分别为月支出、同住家庭人数、流入时间、月收入、年龄,后三位的因素为社区类型、是否参加过医保、婚姻状况,个人因素的重要程度明显高于社会公共服务因素.

This article sought to explore the impacts of socioeconomic status and social inclusion on intra-provincial and interprovincial migrants’ mental health by constructing the Bayesian structural equation model. A total of 14,584 migrants aged 15–59 years living in eight cities of China were selected. It was found that the impacts of socioeconomic status and social inclusion on mental health were converse for these two groups. And the manifest variables coefficients of socioeconomic status and social inclusion were also converse. Therefore, governments should make some policies to further improve the mental health of migrants, including strengthening the community cohesion, social atmosphere, and governmental support.

从经济、人口、社会、空间四个维度解读了中国城镇化发展的内涵,对城镇化影响空气污染的渠道、方式进行理论分析;构建了中国城镇化—空气污染系统动力学模型,模拟城镇化各维度产生的空气污染效应,系统展示城镇化与空气污染之间的动态变化趋势.研究结果显示:城镇化能够通过人口集聚、产业结构、交通出行、政府治理和空间扩张五种效应影响空气污染;城镇化各维度的空气污染效应具有差异性,其中社会维度的政府节能减排投入对空气污染的改善影响最为明显,人口城镇化和经济城镇化对空气污染的影响呈现出先增后减的"倒U型"发展趋势;城镇在空间上的扩张会对空气中颗粒物的浓度产生影响,对PM2.5的影响效果略强于PM10.

协商民主与社会工作在目前社会治理的背景下具有更大的发展空间.文章从活动的意见是否采纳、活动是否公开透明、活动的代表构成是否合理三个维度测量协商民主,从社会工作机构、社会工作者专业化水平以及居住城市政府给予社会工作机构和社会工作者的支持三个维度测量社会工作,利用Multi-logistic模型对协商民主与社会工作二者之间关系及影响进行研究.结果发现,在社会治理背景下,社会工作与协商民主二者在发展中是相互促进的,社会工作的发展能够为协商民主的建设与发展创造条件,与此同时,协商民主的发展也能够为社会工作专业化的推进提供动力与基础.

随着市场竞争的加剧,如何提高财务管理专业人才的企业财务管理能力,应对市场竞争带来的各种挑战和机遇,已成为企业招聘财务管理人才的着眼点. 文章从当前高校财务管理专业教学现状与问题出发,提出了高校财务管理专业教学改革的建议.

Background: Whether smoking accelerates memory recession has been a topic of significant research. However, randomised controlled trials are not easy to carry out, and does not comply with the ethics of research. And observation method which based on the most readily observed data is easy to draw the wrong conclusions without adjustment. The memory difference between smokers and non-smokers may not really represent the real differences between their memories.Methods: In response to these limitations, we adopt propensity score method to match the samples and solve the estimated selection bias and confounding bias on elderlies aged 60 years and over based on Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2011) data. The respondents are divided into non-smokers, people who used to smoke but not now, and people who used to smoke and still now. To balance the similarity between different groups on their propensity score weighted distributions of pretreatment covariates, we use generalized boosted models to estimate the multiply treatment propensity scores.Results: The results show that compared with non-smokers, people who used to smoke and still now respectively have a decrease 0.0283, 0.0735, 0.0091 on self-evaluation memory, daily living activities, and cognitive function. People who used to smoke but not now have a decrease 0.0224 on daily living activities, while have an increase 0.0054 and 0.0104 on self-evaluation memory, and cognitive function.Conclusion: The PSM has considerable utility to control pre-treatment imbalances on observed covariates in non-randomised or observational data.

本文基于第三次全国经济普查资料系统分析我国服务业发展及就业情况,通过就业弹性、结构偏离度和比较劳动生产率测算了服务业的就业效应,并结合时间序列ARIMA模型预测了我国服务业就业人数容量,提出相关对策建议.

选取2005年和2010年31个省(市、自治区)基本公共服务相关统计数据,采用Bootstrap-DEA方法测算了我国基本公共服务支出的相对效率,并在此基础上,采用空间滞后模型和空间误差模型对我国基本公共服务支出效率的影响因素及其空间效应进行了实证分析.结果发现:传统DEA模型明显高估了基本公共服务支出的效率;从2005年到2010年,我国的基本公共服务支出效率并没有得到明显改善;基本公共服务支出效率具有较强的空间正溢出效应;居民受教育程度、财政自主权、人口密度的提高有利于基本公共服务支出效率的提升,经济发展水平则显著降低了基本公共服务支出效率.

This paper analyzes the current situation and existing problems of the traditional statistics teaching. In view of the existing problems in traditional statistics teaching, and with the assistance of MOOCs platform, this paper proposes solutions in reform modes, methods and attentions.

The mental health of rural-to-urban migrants in China is a critical issue. The aim of this study was to test the migrants' mental health. The findings drawn from this qualitative study of 769 migrants in Wuhan in 2012 based on the Bayesian structural equation model. Overall, the survey found that leisure plays the greatest positive role in migrants' mental health, as well as work, interpersonal relationships, and health status have a negative role in migrants' mental health. Thus, the government must set relevant regulations to help migrants establish a better life and work values to work energetically. China is an agricultural country, and farmers comprise more than 75% of the total population. A large number of farmers have poured into the cities over the past 30 years, which caused the rapid growth of the migrant population in China. The sixth census data released by the National Bureau of Statistics show that the number of migrants in China has reached 0.26 billion, which are the largest scale of labor migration in the history of mankind (CNBS, 2011). According to the National Bureau of Statistics, rural-to-urban migrants are those who migrate from the countryside to cities to seek more job opportunities and higher quality of life, but they have no permanent urban residency (CNBS, 2001). These migrants who migrated from rural to urban areas are affected by the limitations of the traditional urban-rural dual structure. Farmers can live and work in the cities, but they are not included in the city Hukou. Therefore, they are not included in the welfare and public distribution system of the city, and they do not enjoy the same treatment as the city residents in terms of labor and social security, health insurance, and children's education. They are the targets of social discrimination and are isolated in the edge of urban communities(Yang, Li, & Wang,2006; Wang et al., 2010; McGuire, Li, & Wang, 2009), causing their mental health to become a common issue of concern. The characteristics and demands of migrants have changed since China's 30-year economic reform. Young migrants occupy a large proportion of the total numbers (Liu,2007). This new generation of migrants usually aims for social mobility, with more prominent laddering migration characteristics. They are sensitive, self-recognized, and have a higher education level. They are different from their parents who are a tough breed and only pursue income. Young migrants aspire for a high quality of life and hope to enjoy the same social status as their peers in the cities. New factors may appear as migrants change in the 21 st century.