准确和高效的光信号处理对于早期癌症检测至关重要. 本研究开发了一种近红外手性有机突触光电二极管, 通过电调控实现双模式运行, 可同步完成圆偏振光(CPL)检测与神经形态处理. 在负偏压下, 器件高效分离电子与空穴, 实现精准的CPL探测与成像; 而在正偏压下, 界面载流子积累引发历史依赖响应, 从而支持对检测信息的实时神经形态处理. 该双模机制显著增强了对复杂光信号的识别与处理效率. 结合光学卷积神经网络, 器件进一步实现了对CPL信号的高效处理与复杂任务计算. 在癌症检测中, 该系统准确率达83

Owing to weak spin-orbit coupling, molecular semiconductors are among the few materials supporting room-temperature spin functionality, yet their low spin-transport efficiency (ηs, ∼5%) limits applications. Here, we report molecular spintronic devices featuring vertically asymmetric nanocolumn channels formed by phase separation. These channels confine spins and generate built-in electric fields, boosting room-temperature ηs to 20%-the highest value reported to date, over five times that of unstructured films. Simultaneously, the nanocolumn channels induce pronounced bias-dependent asymmetry, with ηs of 20% at +0.2 V versus 1% at -0.2 V, yielding a record asymmetry factor, significantly outperforming other material systems (e.g., metal oxides, 2D materials, conventional molecular/inorganic semiconductors). This dual achievement of record-high efficiency and strong asymmetry establishes a platform for new spintronic functionalities. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate its potential for information-secure applications via spin-signal encryption elements and two-stage spin true random number generators, integrating structural design with spintronic operation.

Narrow-bandgap acceptors are the basis for achieving high short-circuit current density in organic solar cells; however, the lack of effective strategies to reduce energy loss under narrow-bandgap systems makes it challenging to solve the trade-off of open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density. Here an acceptor Qx-Se-NF, featuring quinoxaline (Qx) central moiety, naphthyl-based terminal group (NF), and selenium (Se)-substituted central core, is synthesized, reaching a narrow bandgap of 1.31 eV. Theoretical calculations show that Qx-Se-NF exhibits low energetic disorder, which is beneficial for reducing energy loss. Furthermore, its strong aggregation properties tend to form a unique vertically segregated alloy structure in ternary systems, which is beneficial for increasing the short-circuit current density without sacrificing the open-circuit voltage. As a result, the ternary system achieved a certified power conversion efficiency of 21.01% with a low energy loss of 0.486 eV, providing a deep insight into the design of narrow-bandgap acceptors and their ternary systems.

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have emerged as promising materials for energy storage devices, including lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), owing to their high surface area, chemical tunability, eco-friendliness, and fast redox kinetics. However, their practical applications are limited by poor conductivity, low active material utilization, lower redox potential and cycling degradation, which hampers their utilization for LIBs. Herein, we report the synthesis of dihydrophenazine based CMP (TPA-DPZ) with multi-redox centers and its composite with acid functionalized CNTs equal to only 5% of CNTs by total wt.% of monomers using in situ polymerization technique (TPA-DPZ@CNT 5%). The fabricated cathode with high active material loading of 80% with an average discharge potential of 3.39 V achieved a maximum specific capacity of 128 mAh g-1. Remarkably, at a higher current density of 20 A g-1, it retains a capacity of 68.34 mAh g-1 with a discharge time of only 13 s. The electrode exhibits excellent long-term stability, retaining 89% of its initial capacity after 10 000 cycles. It possessed a high energy density of 445 Wh kg-1 (at 0.1 A g-1) combined with a high power density of 67 kW kg-1 at 20 A g-1. This work highlights the synergistic effect of multi-redox CMP and conductive CNTs in overcoming the limitations of organic electrodes.

Small-molecule organic photovoltaic materials offer advantages of precise molecular definition, high purity, and excellent reproducibility, making them promising for large-scale applications. However, almost all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs) rely on fused-ring electron acceptors and halogenated solvents, whose complex synthesis, high cost, and environmental hazards hinder commercialization. To address these challenges, we report halogen-free ASM-OSCs based on nonfused-ring acceptors (NFREAs). Using the nonfused acceptor 2BTh-2F and donor MPhS-C6, we systematically investigated various halogen-free processing solvents. The blend film processed with high-boiling-point toluene exhibited optimal nanoscale morphology, with balanced molecular self-assembly and well-defined nanofibrillar domains that promoted efficient charge transport. As a result, the corresponding device achieved a power conversion efficiency of 13.89%, substantially exceeding the 11.58% achieved with chloroform and representing the highest device performance reported for halogen-free ASM-OSCs employing NFREAs. This work provides a practical and environmentally friendly strategy toward scalable, high-performance, halogen-free OSCs.

Molecular aggregation and phase morphology of the active layer in bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells are crucial to attain efficient and stable organic solar cells (OSCs). Most studies of solid additives in high-efficiency OSCs have primarily focused on the impact of these additives on the acceptors, while largely neglecting the synergistic effects of additives on donor and acceptor. Herein, we introduce a synergistic morphology regulation approach by utilizing two isomeric solid additives (4-bromobenzothiadiazole (4-BBT) and 5-bromobenzothiadiazole (5-BBT)). 4-BBT or 5-BBT promotes both the crystallinity and u03C0u2013u03C0 stacking of the polymer donor PM6 while effectively suppressing excessive aggregation of the acceptor L8-BO, which leads to a favorable phase morphology. When mixed additives are loaded simultaneously, synergistic regulation can be achieved, enabling finer nanoscale phase separation with enhanced donoru2013acceptor miscibility and well-ordered packing. Further analyses indicate that the mixed additives effectively slow down the film formation and charge relaxation dynamics, thereby prolonging crystallization time and enhancing u03C0u2013u03C0 stacking while effectively suppressing recombination losses. Consequently, modified by the mixed additives, the PM6:L8-BO device demonstrates high efficiency of 19.32%, coupled with improved short-circuit current (JSC) and fill factor (FF). Besides, the D18:L8-BO-C4-based devices treated with 4-BBT+5-BBT delivered a remarkable efficiency of 20.13%, with an outstanding FF of 83.01%. Furthermore, the optimized device shows excellent photostability and thermal stability. This study provides a versatile and effective strategy for accurate regulation of the molecular aggregation and phase morphology through synergistic isomeric solid additive engineering, thereby offering insights into the rational design of efficient and stable organic photovoltaic materials.

ABSTRACT Almost all high‐performance acceptors currently rely on a single electron‐withdrawing core or a core modified with electron‐withdrawing groups, which significantly limits structural innovation. In this study, we introduced two novel extended electron‐deficient units, [1, 2, 5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐b]pyrazine (Tz‐Qx) and [1, 2, 5]oxadiazolo[3,4‐b]pyrazine (Dz‐Qx), into the acceptor central cores. Coupled with fluorine and chlorine‐substituted terminal groups, the performance of the acceptors can be synergistically optimized. A systematic investigation elucidates the impact of the central core and terminal groups on the intrinsic photoelectronic properties of the acceptors. Among the four acceptors—Tz‐Qx‐4F, Tz‐Qx‐4Cl, Dz‐Qx‐4F, and Dz‐Qx‐4Cl—Tz‐Qx‐4F demonstrated significant near‐infrared absorption, excellent crystallinity, and enhanced aggregation capabilities. When blended with the polymer donor D18, the binary device achieved a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.50%, accompanied by a record short‐circuit current density (JSC) of 29.3 mA cm−2. This performance is attributed to the balanced charge transport properties and reduced non‐radiative energy losses in the blend films. In stark contrast, Dz‐Qx‐based counterparts yielded substantially lower PCEs (∼9%), underscoring the profound influence of core heteroatom identity. This work highlights the critical influence of extended electron‐deficient units and terminal groups on the molecular photovoltaic properties, providing valuable insights for the design of enhanced‐performance organic solar cell acceptors.

The intrinsic chiroptical properties of organic semiconductors provide a powerful platform for polarization-encoded optoelectronic signal processing. Here, we develop self-powered chiral organic photodiodes (COPs) based on chiral non-fullerene acceptors blended with achiral polymer donors, in which the circularly polarized light (CPL)-dependent responsivity provides the physical foundation for tunable convolutional weighting. Owing to their polarization-dependent photocurrent, mathematically formulated as the product of the CPL amplitude and a sine function of the retarder rotation angle, these COPs act as bias-free, dynamically reconfigurable convolutional filters capable of robust feature extraction under noisy optical propagation conditions. This materials-driven modulation mechanism enables effective contrast enhancement and noise suppression without external bias or additional circuit elements. When incorporated into an optical convolutional framework, CPL-responsive COPs improve the structural similarity index measure of extracted feature maps from 0.15 to 0.80 and increase handwritten-digit classification accuracy from 76% to 87% compared with natural-light-based counterparts. These results establish chiral organic photodiodes as a promising materials platform for low-power, noise-tolerant optical information processing.image

Intelligent three-dimensional displays require both powerful computing capabilities and high display performance, yet these metrics have long been constrained by the inherent trade-off between efficiency and image quality. Here we introduce circularly polarized bulk-heterojunction memory-computing organic light-emitting diodes featuring an integrated memory-processing-display architecture to break this long-standing limitation. The bulk-heterojunction memory-computing organic light-emitting diode incorporates a chiral bulk-heterojunction active layer formed by an achiral emissive polymer and chiral small molecules. Through precise control of the blend composition, we co-engineer supramolecular ordering and carrier dynamics, enabling the in situ modulation of synaptic weights and multilevel conductance states. This effectively transforms organic light-emitting diodes from passive light emitters into an integrated memory-computing-display system with enhanced computing efficiency and polarized emission. The optimized device achieves a peak luminance of 22,306 cd m−2, a high circularly polarized electroluminescence dissymmetry factor of 0.92, together with ultralow energy consumption of 1.78 pJ per spike. Hardware validation using a 64 × 64 device array demonstrates uniform and distinguishable 5-bit conductance distributions, with an energy consumption of 0.046 nJ per device and 17.472 nJ per pixel per computation. We further integrate our bulk-heterojunction memory-computing organic light-emitting diodes into a neural radiance field framework, enabling stereoscopic greyscale three-dimensional scene reconstruction on 100 × 180 arrays. This memory-computing-display integration strategy provides a promising pathway towards intelligent display technologies. Circularly polarized memory-computing organic light-emitting diodes integrate three-dimensional displays with memory and processing capabilities. Optimized devices achieve luminance of over 22,000 cd m−2, dissymmetry factor of 0.92 and energy consumption down to 1.78 pJ per spike, enabling neural radiance field greyscale three-dimensional scene reconstruction.

The commercial viability of organic solar cells (OSCs) is hindered by the trade-off between cost and performance. In particular, low-cost non-fused-ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) suffer from conformational disorder, limiting their photovoltaic performance. Herein, we strategically regulate conformational entropy (S conf.) of NFREAs through the rational combination of intramolecular noncovalent interactions (INIs). The optimal candidate 3TT-SeS, identified through comprehensive density functional theory calculations, exhibits balanced Se···N and S···O INIs and demonstrates a significant reduction in S conf. This strategy enables an exclusive single stable conformation and highly ordered molecular packing, thereby facilitating efficient charge transport. Consequently, the 3TT-SeS-based OSC achieved an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 19.26% (certified at 18.75%), setting a new benchmark for NFREA-based systems to date. More importantly, 3TT-SeS-based device demonstrates exceptional economic potential with an extremely low power generation cost of 0.77$ kW-1, much lower than several high-performance FREA-based systems. Our work demonstrates a low-S conf. design of NFREAs for cost-effective and high-performance organic photovoltaics.

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 20%, yet their performance is fundamentally limited by a trade-off between efficient charge transport and suppressed non-radiative recombination...

Brain-inspired neuromorphic computing provides an efficient paradigm for integrating sensing, memory, and processing, offering new opportunities for secure optical information systems. Circularly polarized light (CPL) is an attractive carrier for information encryption. However, existing CPL-based systems are fundamentally constrained by the lack of chiral semiconductors with broadband, consistently high absorption dissymmetry factor (g(abs)), and by encoding strategies that rely on externally defined optical parameters. Here, we propose a material-centric encryption paradigm enabled by newly designed heterochiral molecules that exhibit uniformly high g(abs) (>0.01) across nearly all bisignate circular dichroism bands. This broadband and intrinsic chiroptical response allows CPL to function as a robust, high-dimensional encoding variable. Leveraging this capability, we develop a multi-wavelength CPL encryption and decryption framework based on chiral optoelectronic synaptic transistors that integrate sensing, memory, and processing within a single device. Compared to conventional single-wavelength schemes, our approach significantly enhances encryption performance, achieving a 21% increase in entropy, a 134% improvement in normalized signal-to-noise ratio, and a 33% enhancement in signal difference maximization index. An artificial neural network constructed from these devices demonstrates 93.0% accuracy in decrypting dual-encrypted video. This work establishes a shift from parameter-defined to material-intrinsic multidimensional encoding for neuromorphic optical security systems.

Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) is a promising application for semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs). However, conventional ultra-thin (<80 nm) active layers for ST-OSCs, while balancing transmittance and efficiency, limit the cell-to-module efficiency remaining ratio (CTM) below 56%. Here, we achieve high semitransparency and efficiency in ST-OSCs with reasonable active layer thickness by manipulating the aggregation of acceptors in various donor-diluted blends processed with non-halogen solvent in ambient air. Using PM6:Qx-p-4Cl as a model system, we elucidate a unique film-formation mechanism and charge generation process, demonstrating that the fiber network and suitable aggregation size are crucial for ensuring higher performance in donor-diluted ST-OSCs. The 1 cm2 donor-diluted ST-OSCs with active layer thicknesses of 119 and 301 nm exhibit high light utilization efficiencies (LUEs) of 4.04% and 3.02%, respectively. Notably, a 100 cm2 module demonstrates a CTM ratio of ~85% and a LUE of 3.32%, owing to its high film thickness tolerance, setting a new benchmark for large-area semitransparent modules. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of BIPVs in terms of power generation, energy storage, and temperature control through a scale-down model with a 600 cm2 power-generating window. These results reveal promising prospects for ST-OSCs in real-world applications.

In the field of organic solar cells (OSCs), side-chain engineering is a key strategy for developing highperformance non-fullerene small molecule acceptors (SMAs), which could adjust the material solubility and modulate the intermolecular stacking properties, profoundly impacting the film morphology and thus acting on the final power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the materials. In this study, two asymmetric acceptor molecules, Qx-PhBr-BO and Qx-PhBr-X, were synthesized by migrating the branching site of the outer side chain from the beta-site to the gamma -site. The branching site located at the gamma -site could reduce the steric-hindrance effect and enhance the molecular aggregation behavior, giving rise to redshifted absorption and tight pi- pi stacking. Morphology analysis shows that the Qx-PhBr-X-based devices have smoother surfaces and a phase-separated structure, which is more favorable for charge transport and extraction. The Qx-PhBr-X-based devices exhibit balanced hole-electron mobility, efficient exciton dissociation, and low charge recombination. As a result, Qx-PhBr-X with gamma -site branching exhibits superior photovoltaic performance with a PCE of 17.16 %, which is significantly higher than that of Qx-PhBr-BO at 16.28 %. These results highlight the importance of side-chain modifications for optimizing OSC efficiency and provide an important reference for precise tuning of side-chain structures in future molecular design. (c) 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.

Molecular aggregation and phase morphology of the active layer in bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells are crucial to attain efficient and stable organic solar cells (OSCs). Most studies of solid additives in high-efficiency OSCs have primarily focused on the impact of these additives on the acceptors, while largely neglecting the synergistic effects of additives on donor and acceptor. Herein, we introduce a synergistic morphology regulation approach by utilizing two isomeric solid additives (4-bromobenzothiadiazole (4-BBT) and 5-bromobenzothiadiazole (5-BBT)). 4-BBT or 5-BBT promotes both the crystallinity and rr-rr stacking of the polymer donor PM6 while effectively suppressing excessive aggregation of the acceptor L8-BO, which leads to a favorable phase morphology. When mixed additives are loaded simultaneously, synergistic regulation can be achieved, enabling finer nanoscale phase separation with enhanced donor-acceptor miscibility and well-ordered packing. Further analyses indicate that the mixed additives effectively slow down the film formation and charge relaxation dynamics, thereby prolonging crystallization time and enhancing rr-rr stacking while effectively suppressing recombination losses. Consequently, modified by the mixed additives, the PM6:L8-BO device demonstrates high efficiency of 19.32%, coupled with improved short-circuit current (JSC) and fill factor (FF). Besides, the D18:L8-BO-C4-based devices treated with 4-BBT+5-BBT delivered a remarkable efficiency of 20.13%, with an outstanding FF of 83.01%. Furthermore, the optimized device shows excellent photostability and thermal stability. This study provides a versatile and effective strategy for accurate regulation of the molecular aggregation and phase morphology through synergistic isomeric solid additive engineering, thereby offering insights into the rational design of efficient and stable organic photovoltaic materials. Without additive treatment With 4-BBT or 5-BBT treatment With 4-BBT + 5-BBT treatment Current density (mAcm-2) 0-5-10-15-20-25-30 D18/L8-BO-C4 4-BBT+5-BBT FF = 83.01% PCE = 20.13% 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Voltage (V)

Organic solar cells (OSCs) offer unique advantages like flexibility and lightweight design, making them suitable for solar-extended unmanned aerial vehicles (SUAVs). However, conventional transparent electrodes limit their performance due to high sheet resistance. To address this, a flexible, transparent electrode with ultra-low sheet resistance (<1 Ω/□) and 90% transmission was developed. Utilizing non-halogenated solvent processing and slot-die coating, a 1 cm2 single cell achieved 17.12% (certified 16.88%) power conversion efficiency (PCE), while a 42 cm2 module achieved 15.60%. Stability tests showed unencapsulated devices retained 90% efficiency after 1080 h (ISOS-D-1) and 97% after 1000 bending cycles. SUAVs equipped with the flexible OSC modules, combined with a lithium battery and power management system, demonstrated a flight time extension of 24.2%. Outdoor testing confirmed reliable sensor performance and data transmission. This study validates flexible OSCs for SUAV applications, advancing renewable energy solutions in lightweight mobile systems.

Abstract In this study, an electret‐inspired, charge‐injected hydrogel called QOSP hydrogel (QCS/OD/SDI/PANI/PS/Plasma) that promotes scar‐free healing of bacteria‐infected burns through bioelectrical stimulation and immune modulation, is presented. The hydrogel, composed of quaternized chitosan (QCS), oxidized dextran (OD), sulfadiazine (SDI), polystyrene (PS), and polyaniline nanowires (PANI), forms a conductive network capable of storing and releasing electric charges, emulating an electret‐like mechanism. This structure delivers bioelectrical signals continuously, enhancing wound healing by regulating immune responses and minimizing fibrosis. In a mouse model of second‐degree burns infected with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), the hydrogel accelerates wound healing by 32% and reduces bacterial load by 60%, significantly inhibited scar formation by 40% compared to controls. QOSP hydrogel modulates the Th1/Th2 immune balance toward a Th1‐dominant antifibrotic state through quaternized chitosan, thereby reducing collagen deposition by 35%. Electro‐dielectric characterization reveals a dielectric constant of 6.2, a 34% improvement in conductivity (3.33 × 10−5 S/m) and a 30 °C increase in thermal stability. Proteomic analysis highlights a 50% down‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory and pro‐fibrotic pathways, suggesting a controlled immune response conducive to scar‐free healing. This study underscores the potential of bioelectrically active hydrogels as a novel approach for treating infected wounds prone to scarring.

The oligomeric acceptor is an intrinsically stable and efficient organic photovoltaic material because it combines the advantages of monomeric and polymeric acceptors. The connection site significantly influences the oligomeric acceptor properties; however, the design principles are still unclear. Herein, center-linked (C-Dimer and C-Trimer) and end-linked (E-Dimer and E-Trimer) oligomeric acceptors are designed and synthesized based on high-performance quinoxaline-based acceptors. We systematically investigated their differences in electronic structural properties, film-formation dynamics, and morphology through calculation, in situ UV-vis and dynamic light scattering, and morphology characterizations. It is found that end-linked acceptors have the following advantages: 1) superior electronic properties: higher super-exchange coupling and smaller reorganization energy facilitate intra-molecular charge transport; 2) stronger molecular interactions: pre-aggregation in dilute or concentrated solution and stronger miscibility enable slow assembly into dense fibrous morphology, achieving concurrent efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport. Hence, the PM6: E-Dimer-based device achieves the optimal efficiency of 18.02% with a t 80 of 4096 hours. E-Dimer also acts as an effective third in the classical D18: L8-BO system to improve efficiency from 18.77% to 19.73%. Our results demonstrate the enormous potential of E-oligomers in engineering high-performance OSCs and provide guidance for further design of highly efficient oligomeric acceptors.

Organic solar cells (OSCs) processed by nonhalogenated solvents often suffer from excessive aggregation of acceptors and poor donor-acceptor phase separation, which limits their power conversion efficiency (PCE). Changing the linking sites between bridge linking units and small molecule acceptor (SMA) subunits of giant molecule acceptors (GMAs) can modulate intermolecular interactions to suppress excessive molecular self-aggregation. In this work, we systematically synthesized three isomers of GMA, GMA-alpha, GMA-beta, and GMA-gamma to investigate the impact of linking site isomerization on the molecular properties and aggregation behaviors. By precisely tuning the linking site, the end groups of SMA subunits in GMA-alpha are driven deep into the space occupied by the inner alkyl chains of the SMA subunits, introducing significant steric hindrance that induces a more twisted backbone conformation, which effectively suppresses the excessive molecular self-aggregation. Thus, GMA-alpha-based OSCs processed by o-xylene exhibit more favorable phase separation and higher PCE than those of GMA-beta- and GMA-gamma-based ones. Furthermore, the ternary OSCs based on PM6:BTP-eC9:GMA-alpha yield the enhanced PCE of 20.20%, which is one of the highest PCE values for the nonhalogenated solvent-processed OSCs. This study highlights the significance of linking site isomerization as a powerful molecular design strategy of GMAs to fine-tune morphology and enhance the photovoltaic performance of the OSCs processed by nonhalogenated solvent.