The intermittent nature of solar irradiation limits the continuous application of semiconductor photocatalysis. Herein, a recyclable carbon nanofiber/V2O5/g-C3N4 composite membrane is designed and fabricated through electrospinning and controlled carbonization, integrating photocatalytic function with electron-storage capability. The composite achieves 94.7% tetracycline degradation under light and retains 83.5% efficiency in the dark, surpassing the performance of its powder counterpart. The enhanced activity is attributed to promoted charge separation and the reversible V5+/V4+ redox activity for electron storage. The composite exhibits excellent reusability and structural stability, maintaining high activity over five consecutive cycles without noticeable structural change, outperforming conventional powder catalysts in cycling durability. Mass spectrometry reveals distinct degradation pathways under light and dark conditions. This work provides a stable and easily retrievable membrane material for sustainable, continuous water purification.

Artificial tactile perception emulating slow-(SA) and fast-adapting (FA) mechanoreceptors is crucial for visually impaired individuals as an advanced auxiliary learning electronic system. However, existing sensors, particularly single-mode ones, struggle to simultaneously detect static pressure and high-frequency vibrations due to their inherent response limitations. Herein, for the first time, we report a textile-based bionic tactile sensor (TBTS) that, solely via piezoresistive mechanism, achieves high sensitivity and fast response across an ultrabroad frequency range (5-600 Hz), surpassing human vibrotactile range (<500 Hz). Finite element analysis (FEA) reveals that such superior capability originates from the resonant frequency engineering of 3D woven structure in sensing fabric. Under the assist of machine learning, an instantaneous braille-to-audio conversion system comprising a TBTS-integrated commercial glove, signal processer and a smartphone interface is built, realizing rapid and precise braille recognition with an operational frequency significantly higher than skilled human reading speeds (5-10 Hz), achieving 100.0% accuracy for characters and 97.5% for Chinese multi-character sentences, and enabling real-time audio feedback. This work establishes a new paradigm for assistive technology, paving the way for next-generation smart wearables that offer immediate aids in braille education and navigation.

Abstract Eutectogels combining high mechanical and electrical performance hold great promise for next‐generation wearable electronics. However, conventional polymerizable deep eutectic solvent (PDES)–based eutectogels suffer from an inherent strength–conductivity trade‐off. Here, inspired by the multiscale architecture of the extracellular matrix, a bioinspired strategy is developed by integrating silk micro/nanofibrils (SMNF) as a reinforcing scaffold within a choline chloride/acrylic acid PDES. SMNF are generated in situ via deconstruction of silk fibers, while eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) microdroplets initiate polymerization without toxic initiators or high‐energy UV irradiation, enabling one‐step fabrication of SMNF‐reinforced eutectogels (SMNF‐Egel). The resulting SMNF‐Egel combines dynamic hydrogen and coordination bonding with a robust micro/nanofibrous network, achieving a tensile strength of 1.25 MPa, toughness of 23.09 MJ m−3, fracture strain of 2289%, and conductivity of 1.51 S m−1, alongside skin‐like modulus, self‐healing, and environmental stability. These properties enable ultrasensitive strain sensing, Morse code communication, and stable bioelectrical signal monitoring. This work establishes a sustainable route to high‐performance silk‐based eutectogels and provides a versatile platform for advanced wearable sensors and bioelectronic interfaces.

Dual-responsive soft actuators (DRSA) with synchronous motion perception are regarded as excellent candidate for soft robotics owing to their superior flexibility and adaptability. To enhance the signal reliability and diversity, real-time motion perception with multiplex visible feedback signals is highly desired but remains insufficiently explored. Herein, a temperature-humidity dual-responsive bimorph actuator integrated with corresponding duplex-channel visual signal feedback is presented. Sulfuric acid paper (SAP) and polypropylene tape (BOPP) are assembled together as the actuation layer of the bimorph to achieve temperature-humidity dual-responsive actuation, while CoCl2 and PDAZn2+ are decorated on the surface as humidity- and temperature-sensitive chromogenic materials for real-time visual feedback. Based on the proposed actuator, two bi-directional blossoming bionic flowers for environmental temperature and humidity detection are demonstrated, which realizes seamless integration of dual-stimulus actuation and duplex visible signal feedback and provides promising insights for the development of next-generation smart soft actuators.

Solar-driven photocatalysis is inherently limited by its diurnal discontinuity. Herein, we report a V2O5/g-C3N4/ Ti3C2 triadic composite that transcends this limitation via a "micro proton-battery-like" mechanism, enabling round-the-clock catalytic activity. The optimized composite achieves 93.9 % tetracycline degradation under visible light and, remarkably, maintains 64.1 % efficiency in the dark. This is underpinned by an 8-fold higher electron storage capacity (0.16 mu mol/mg) than pristine g-C3N4, achieved via reversible V5+/V4+ redox transitions. DFT calculations corroborate charge localization in V 3d orbitals during the light-driven "charging" phase and subsequent Ti3C2-mediated electron release for center dot O2- generation in the dark. This work establishes a groundbreaking paradigm that unifies photocatalysis with electrochemical energy storage for persistent environmental remediation.

ABSTRACT Hybrid natural/synthetic fiber‐reinforced polymer composites offer a practical engineering solution by combining the sustainability, low cost, and low density of natural fibers (1.3–1.5 g cm −3 ) with the strength, stiffness, and reliability of synthetic reinforcements like carbon (1.75–1.95 g cm −3 ), glass, or basalt fibers (2.5–2.8 g cm −3 ). This density difference enables strategic, material‐efficient synthetic placement only where structural demands require it. Reported tensile strengths range from 3 to 400 MPa for certain natural fiber systems to 60–784 MPa for specific glass/epoxy systems, highlighting the importance of reporting the fiber fraction, architecture, interface quality, and testing methods in the evaluation. However, weak fiber‐matrix adhesion, fiber variability, thermal instability, moisture sensitivity, and unpredictable multiscale hybrid effects hinder widespread structural use. To address these limits, this review evaluates advancements in composite design, processing, and performance. It focuses on hybrid architectures (interlayer, intralayer, intrayarn); interface engineering (physical, chemical, bio‐based, nanomaterials); predictive tools (analytical, semi‐empirical, data‐driven, digital twins, multiscale FEA); and manufacturing routes (conventional molding, resin transfer, automated fiber placement, additive manufacturing). Crucially, environmental and economic benefits are system‐dependent rather than inherent, requiring a complete accounting of fractions, matrices, treatments, energy, lifespan, and end‐of‐life pathways. By integrating interface design, manufacturing, and performance, this review clarifies the trade‐offs between sustainability and reliability, thereby establishing priorities for engineering scalable, lightweight, and durable hybrid composites.

As skin-interfaced wearable sensors undergo rapid evolution, the real-time and non-invasive detection of health-pertinent biomarkers in human sweat has emerged as a cornerstone for gaining profound insights into our physiological status and fostering the development of tailored healthcare systems. Electrochemical sweat sensors (ECSSs) are under high pursuit for their unparalleled capabilities to enable high-performance health monitoring, movement tracking, and predictive parsing in an accurate and continuous manner. Within the realm of ECSSs fabrication, fiber materials have been served as ideal alternatives owing to their characteristic advantages. This review provides a comprehensive overview of ECSSs constructed with fiber materials for portable personalized monitoring. Initially, the recent advancements in selection of functional constructing materials, fabrication methods, and sensing mechanisms are thoughtfully demonstrated. Subsequently, hybrid multiplexed and multimodal sensors are presented, along with considerations for developing integrated electrochemical sensing systems for emerging wearable applications. Furthermore, the potential challenges and future perspectives of fiber-based ECSSs are outlined, aiming to inspire readers with insightful ideas.

Polyester (PET) fabrics with superhydrophobic features are highly desirable for oil-water separation applications. Herein, flexible, breathable and superhydrophobic Polyester fabrics (ODPFs) were fabricated via a facile, environmentally friendly, low-cost and high-efficiency two-step process for a broad application scope of textiles and soft materials with different apertures, specifications and dimensions. The ODPFs were etched by a green deep eutectic solvent (DES) consisting of choline chloride and oxalic acid and coated with Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)/water mixture colloidal aggregates, without the use of any toxic organic solvents. The results reveal that the ODPFs exhibit a water contact angle of 160.9 degrees, allowing it to repel various liquids like common daily solutions, acids, and alkaline solutions. Furthermore, the ODPFs possess exceptional self-cleaning properties and oil-water separation with a high separation efficiency (>99.3 %) and excellent durability against 100 cycles on sandpaper (400 mesh). In addition, DES was demonstrated to improve the surface roughness and assisting silicone polymers to further enhance the hydrophobicity of PET, making it ideal for applications such as anti-fouling, self-cleaning, anti-icing, and oil-water separation. The presented superhydrophobic strategy is considered feasible to multiple substrates, offering novel perspectives on extending the utilization of DES and enabling the practical application of fluorine-free superhydrophobic fabrics.

The pursuit of biomimetic fibers with simultaneous high toughness and strength persists, despite their inherent trade-offs.However, for artificial spider silk based on gel fiber, it is still unclear for the molecular chain attributes related to the improvement of the strength and toughness. Here, a hydrogel fiber was prepared by mimicking the molecular structure of natural spider silk, and we delved into the molecular chain structure characteristics related to the strength, toughness and damping capacity of gel fiber, such as crosslinking density, molecular chain orientation and hydrogen bond interaction. The results indicate that a certain increase in crosslinking density and molecular chain orientation contributes to the enhancement of tensile strength, while the toughness and damping remain essentially unaltered. The thermal dissociation of hydrogen bond could enhance the toughness in a specific range, while the humidity destruction of hydrogen bond would reduce the toughness.Through well-regulation control of the weight ratio of polyacrylamide（PAM） to poly（acrylic acid）(PAA), the PAM@PAA gel fibers could reach maximum breaking strength of 1.02 GPa, maximum toughness of 149 MJ m -3 , and damping capacity of 95%.PAM@PAA gel fiber has demonstrated excellent wound healing performance and biocompatibility in vivo evaluation as a surgical suture, which indicates its potential in biomedical applications.

To overcome the key challenges in polyester (PET)/cotton blend separation-such as difficulty in separation, high energy use, and performance degradation-a green, innovative and efficient choline chloride/ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent-sodium hydroxide (DES-NaOH) hybrid system was developed. Benefiting from the selective structural loosening of PET fibers by DES, confirmed by Raman imaging technology, which significantly accelerates degradation under alkaline conditions, this work achieves complete degradation and recycling of PET fibers under mild reaction conditions (dissolution temperature of 98 degrees C, duration time of 60 min, NaOH dosage of 5% w/v, and liquor ratio of 1 : 30). Importantly, high-purity terephthalic acid was recovered through acidification, precipitation, and filtration, while cotton fibers maintained structural integrity and properties with minimal mass loss (<3%), confirming the valuable, effective and selective separation process. This work offers an innovative, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective solution to the challenge of PET/cotton blend waste recycling.

The development of skin-like multimodal electronic devices (SMED) is pivotal for advancing humanoid robotics and wearable technologies, enabling seamless interaction with and perception of complex environments. However, integrating comprehensive sensing capabilities with multifunctionality, while maintaining superior permeability, biocompatibility, and wearer comfort, remains a significant challenge. Here, a SMED platform capable of detecting multiple external stimuli (i.e., strain, pressure, temperature, and humidity) via a seamless integration strategy is reported. The SMED combines exceptional permeability, stretchability, biocompatibility, high transparency, and robust wet adhesion to skin, creating a stable and conformal skin-electrode interface reminiscent of an electronic tattoo. The device exhibits unparalleled sensitivity to environmental and physiological cues, outperforming existing state-of-the-art sensors in terms of response range and sensitivity. This study demonstrates its versatility in real-world applications, such as continuous electrocardiogram monitoring under wet conditions, precise gesture recognition, real-time temperature/humidity sensing, and comprehensive monitoring of human physiological signals. This work not only advances the field of wearable electronics but also paves the way for next-generation wearable electronics, offering transformative potential for health monitoring, human-machine interfaces, and beyond. By bridging the gap between functionality and wearability, the SMED platform represents a significant leap toward the realization of truly interactive and adaptive electronic systems.

To mitigate the pollution issue associated with traditional reactive dye-based dyeing, non-aqueous dyeing techniques have attracted extensive attention. In this investigation, cotton cone yarns were dyed using three primary reactive dyes within an environmentally non-aqueous medium of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Subsequently, aspects such as fixation, colour depth, colour uniformity and colour fastness were contrasted with those of traditional dyeing methods. The experimental results showed that the fixation of dyed cone yarns reached 90% in the PDMS dyebath, while the fixation of dyed cone yarns was only ca. 61% in the traditional dyebath. Furthermore, the K/S values of dyed cotton cone yarns in the PDMS dyebath were 19.7 (reactive red FC-3B), 18.1 (reactive yellow FC-3R) and 33.3 (reactive navy blue DE), respectively, 1.9, 2.1 and 1.5 times higher than those for the traditional dyebath. The colour uniformity of dyeing was also studied and the results showed that the triangle E values of the inner, middle and outer layers of dyed cotton cone yarns were less than 0.5, showing excellent colour uniformity. Finally, fastness tests showed that the washing and rubbing fastness of dyed cotton cone yarns improved by half a grade or more in the PDMS dyebath compared with the traditional dyebath. After dyeing, PDMS was recycled and reused to dye. Importantly, the K/S values of dyed cotton cone yarns remained basically unchanged after five repeated cycles, and PDMS did not remain on the surface of the cotton cone yarns.

Manganese-based materials are ideal candidates for the cathode of aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their high voltage, high theoretical capacity and cost-effectiveness. However, manganese-based AZIBs have poor capacity and stability due to low conductivity, large volume expansion and dissolution of manganese oxides. Here, we developed a novel and simple cone-spinning strategy to fabricate carbon nanotube/manganese dioxide (CNT/MnO2) composite yarns-based AZIBs. Compared with the Fermat-spun CNT/MnO2 composite yarns, the cone-spun composite yarns exhibited better electrochemical properties, including higher capacity (490.4 mAh g-1 at 1Ag-1), energy density (559.8Whkg-1 at 4124.0Wkg-1), better rate capability and cycling performance (86% capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency 100% after 5000 cycles), which is attributed to its better ion/electron transport kinetics. In addition, the cone-spun CNT/MnO2 composite yarns exhibited a record capacity and energy density, which were higher than most of the V and Mn-based AZIBs. Furthermore, we constructed a self-powered energy system based on CNT/MnO2 AZIBs and polycrystalline solar cells, which highlights the great potential of the prepared yarn-shaped batteries for wearable applications. This study provides a new perspective for the development of high-performance yarn-shaped AZIBs for wearable electronic devices.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) textile waste, which is resistant to degradation, contributes significantly to environmental pollution. Currently, traditional methods, such as high-temperature and high-pressure treatments, microwave heating, etc. exhibit low initial degradation rates for polyester fibers while also facing challenges such as high energy consumption, complex degradation products, and difficulties in subsequent reuse. Thus, research on efficient recycling and sustainable development of PET waste has become imperative. Here, we report a novel method to degrade PET fibers completely at low temperatures within 1 h. A synergistic hydrolysis system consisting of a deep eutectic solvent (ChCl–EG DES) composed of choline chloride and ethylene glycol, along with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was used to facilitate the highly efficient and complete degradation of polyester fibers under mild conditions. The degradation process can be conducted at temperature below 100 °C, achieving a degradation rate of up to 100

Stretchable fiber conductors hold immense potential for revolutionizing wearable electronics, but most reported materials show a decline in conductivity after large strains, significantly hindering their widespread application. In this study, a new strategy for preparing high-performance stretchable conductive core-sheath fibers is proposed using a coaxial wet spinning technique. The inherent superior properties of both styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and liquid metal (LM), along with their synergic interactions, provide robust support for the exceptional tensile characteristics (1860.32% and 27.58 MPa) and distinctive electrical properties (4.14 × 104 S m-1) demonstrated by the composite SBS/LM fiber (SLMF). Notably, SLMF retained remarkable resistance stability (variation rate of only 105.31% under 800% tensile deformation) even under repeated strain, washing, and exposure to various extreme environments such as acids, bases, and high temperatures. Moreover, due to the unique grooved structure on the fiber surface, SLMF generates a high voltage output, maintaining ultrastable electrical output after prolonged exposure to high-frequency mechanical impacts. Furthermore, the integration of SLMF into stretchable triboelectric sensors paves the way for hypersensitive joint movement sensing and respiratory status monitoring. Consequently, this discovery offers invaluable insights and guidance for the fabrication and advancement of conductive fibers for skin-interfaced wearable electronics.

A novel carboxyl-terminated polyester resin was strategically synthesized as an advanced coating matrix for composites. The resin was engineered through high-temperature melt esterification of neopentyl glycol with terephthalic acid, followed by acid-end capping using isophthalic acid and adipic acid, and finally vacuum-assisted polycondensation. Comprehensive characterization via FTIR, XRD, and TGA validated its structural integrity and thermal resistance, exhibiting a glass transition temperature of 52.2 degrees C and 5 % weight loss at 370 degrees C. More importantly, as a composite coating material, the resin demonstrated exceptional processing compatibility with thermosensitive PE/wood plastic composites, achieving a durable curing temperature at 140 degrees C, while maintaining substrate dimensional stability (with length and thickness variations of 0.24 % and 2.89 % respectively). The cured coating exhibited outstanding performances: 95.2 % curing degree, perfect adhesion (Grade 0), and 55.1 % gloss retention after 240-h UV aging, confirming its superior weatherability. Such work establishes a theoretical and experimental foundation for implementing coating in low-temperature-curable composites.

The comprehensive advancements in detection equipment highlight the paramount importance of smart adaptive stealth technology in military defense, while the advent of textile metamaterials has brought boundless potential for the revolution in stealth performance. Textiles have emerged as the ideal substrates for superior stealth materials, owing to their distinctive properties such as low density, softness, breathability, shape adaptability and environmental friendliness. This review systematically analyzes the fundamental mechanisms of stealth technologies across different frequency bands, focusing on the synergistic interactions between functional nano materials and textile substrates. A thorough investigation of material-structure-performance correlations critically reveals key technological limitations, while analysis of emerging trends provides foundational insights for developing next-generation adaptive stealth textiles.

Artificial tactile perception systems that emulate the functions of slow adaptive (SA) and fast adaptive (FA) cutaneous mechanoreceptors are essential for developing advanced prosthetics and humanoid robots. However, constructing a high‐performance sensory system within a single device capable of simultaneously perceiving both static and dynamic forces for surface‐texture recognition remains a critical challenge; this contrasts with common strategies integrating individual SA‐ and FA‐mimicking sensors in multi‐layered, multi‐circuit configurations. Herein, a textile pressure/tactile (PT) sensor is reported based solely on piezoresistive principle alongside high sensitivity and rapid response to both high‐frequency vibrations and static forces. These characteristics are attributed to the sensor's 3D multiscale architecture and the corresponding hierarchical structural deformation of its honeycomb‐like sensing fabric. As a proof‐of‐concept application relevant to humanoid robotics and prosthetics, an automated surface‐texture‐recognition system is constructed by integrating the PT sensor with machine‐learning algorithms, a prosthetic device, an industrial robot arm, and a graphical user interface. This artificial sensory system demonstrates the ability to learn distinct object features, differentiate fine surface textures, and subsequently classify unknown textiles with high recognition accuracy (>98.9%) across a wide range of scanning speeds (50–300 mm s −1 ). These results show promise for the future development of interactive artificial intelligence.