Literature data from open sources (eLibrary, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed) were analyzed and summarized with no limitations on search depth. The search was conducted using the following keywords: dorsopathy, inflammation, disc extrusion, disc herniation, discogenic radiculopathy, dorsopathy, disc inflammation. Analysis of the obtained data suggests the formation of a new perspective on the problem of inflammation in the area of discogenic radiculopathy through the segregation of certain findings into isolated “paradoxes” or “vicious circles” of the described problem, thereby expanding the epistemological horizons of the pathogenesis of dorsopathies. Aseptic inflammation in the intervertebral disc area is a multiphase process that includes preclinical biomechanical imbalance, the onset of dorsopathy, and the phase of extrusion formation and resolution. The development of inflammation is associated with the contact spread of immune and neuroinflammatory reactions to neural structures, along with simultaneous activation of reparative mechanisms. The proposed approach makes it possible to substantiate preventive and therapeutic strategies aimed at accelerating the resolution of the pathological process.
Atopic dermatitis is a heterogeneous disease with diverse immunological endotypes. Modern methods of high-resolution molecular analysis (RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, multiomix approaches) have allowed to identify various endotypes of the disease: Th2/ILC2-associated (ILC2 — type 2 innate lymphoid cells, Th — T helpers); Th22-associated; Th17/Th1 mixed; late onset endotype (with low IgE levels); ILC2- dominant endotype; minimally inflammatory endotype. This review provides a detailed analysis of the pathogenesis mechanisms of each endotype, including unique cytokine profiles (IL-4/IL-13/IL-31, IL-22, IL-17/interferon gamma; IL — interleukin), the main cell- mediated mechanisms (resident Th2 cells, ILC2, cytotoxic CD8+ Th22 cells) and their direct effect on the epidermal barrier and neuroimmune interactions. The main focus of the review is justification of the targeted biological therapy (inhibitors of IL-4/IL-13, IL-13, IL-31, JAK-STAT) choice based on the dominant pathway. The strategies for stratifying patients using serum biomarkers (TARC/CCL17, IL-22, IL-17) and the transcriptomic skin profile are considered. Endotype-based therapy personalization may represent a novel approach for management of patients with severe atopic dermatitis and resistance to conventional treatments, which allows to overcome the torpidity to the standard therapy.
The digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex is a strategic imperative for ensuring food security and competitiveness. However, Russia’s current approach to digitalization is fragmented, primarily focused on the agricultural production sector («digital agriculture»), while processing, logistics, and sales remain poorly integrated into a unified digital space. It creates systemic barriers to achieving a synergistic effect and transitioning to a data-driven economy. As a result of the conducted research, the authors have developed a model in which the core elements are digital agro-industrial, agro-trade, and industrial-trade systems formed at the intersection of the digital contours of agriculture, industry, and trade. It has been established that the core of integration in the new model is not a legal entity but a digital platform, which fundamentally changes the nature of managed flows from material to informational. The key drivers are recognized as the technological potential of «smart» technology clusters and the economics of end-to-end optimization, while the main barriers include the lack of industry data standards, legal uncertainty, and personnel shortages. Successful implementation of the model requires overcoming systemic barriers through coordinated efforts to form a trusted digital ecosystem (data space) for the entire agro-industrial complex.
Relevance. Orthodontic treatment is in high demand in contemporary clinical practice, particularly during periods of active growth in children. However, it is often complicated by inadequate oral hygiene and inflammation of the periodontal tissues. Excessive plaque accumulation on orthodontic appliances promotes colonization by periodontal pathogens, thereby sustaining the inflammatory response. Materials and methods. Thirty children undergoing orthodontic treatment were examined and stratified into the following age groups: 6–12, 12–14, and 17–18 years. Oral hygiene indices and periodontal tissue status were assessed, and the microbiological composition of oral fluid was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results . Children aged 6–12 years showed a significantly higher prevalence of red complex periodontal pathogens and a significantly greater degree of periodontal the older age groups (p < 0.05). In adolescents aged 12–14 years, microbial pathogenicity was lower; however, indexbased assessment indicated a moderate degree of periodontal inflammation and a need for professional oral hygiene measures. Patients aged 17–18 years demonstrated significantly more favorable periodontal tissue parameters than the younger age groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion . Orthodontic treatment in children is associated with periodontal inflammation, excessive plaque accumulation, and elevated levels of periodontal pathogens and Candida spp. in oral fluid. Periodontal tissue status improves with age, and the signs of gingival inflammation become less pronounced.
