Teacher performance is a critical determinant of educational quality and student achievement, making the identification of factors that influence teacher effectiveness an important area of educational research. Among these factors, principal leadership has been recognized as a key organizational variable that shapes teachers’ professional practices and instructional performance. This study aimed to examine the relationship between principal leadership and teacher performance at State Elementary School Raya Kahean, Simalungun Regency, Indonesia. The study employed a quantitative correlational research design involving 52 teachers selected through total sampling. Data were collected using two structured questionnaires measuring principal leadership and teacher performance. The principal leadership instrument was adapted from the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale (PIMRS), while the teacher performance instrument was adapted from established teacher performance appraisal indicators. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Product–Moment Correlation, and t-test analysis with the assistance of SPSS version 22. The results revealed a strong positive relationship between principal leadership and teacher performance (r = .699, p < .001). Furthermore, hypothesis testing showed that principal leadership significantly influenced teacher performance (t = 6.905, p < .05). These findings indicate that effective principal leadership contributes substantially to improving teacher performance through instructional guidance, professional support, and the creation of positive school environments. The study concludes that strengthening instructional leadership practices may serve as an effective strategy for enhancing teacher effectiveness and improving educational quality in elementary schools.
Indonesia’s bankruptcy process does not set a specific time limit for the sale of assets, including bankruptcy bonds, which are the responsibility of the curator. This condition does not create further legal consequences for a Limited Liability Company, as once declared bankrupt, the legal entity is legally deemed to no longer exist (rechtspersoon disbanded). It differs from individual debtors, who remain legal entities but are unable to engage in new business activities during the bankruptcy process. This study employs a normative juridical method, combining a statutory and conceptual approach, to examine the provisions of Article 1131 of the Civil Code, relevant legal principles, and doctrines in bankruptcy law. This approach enables analysis of the possibility that future assets may be included in the bankruptcy estate, which could hinder the economic recovery of individual debtors. Therefore, it is necessary to further regulate the norm through additional provisions in the Bankruptcy Law.
This study aimed to develop instant yogurt derived from red beans as a gluten-free, antioxidant-rich functional food using the foam mat drying method. The product is intended as an alternative for individuals with lactose intolerance and those seeking plant-based probiotic options. Red beans were chosen due to their high protein content and natural antioxidant compounds, while maltodextrin was incorporated as a coating agent to enhance the physical stability of the resulting yogurt powder. A factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied with two factors: the ratio of red bean milk to maltodextrin (KM1 95:5; KM2 90:10; KM3 85:15; KM4 80:20) and drying time (L1=1 hour, L2= 2 hours, L3= 3 hours, L4= 4 hours). The findings revealed that both formulation ratio and drying duration significantly influenced product quality. The optimal treatment was observed at a 95:5 ratio, yielding the highest antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 24.54 μg/mL and a total lactic acid bacteria count of 12.55 log CFU/mL. These results indicate that the fermentation process proceeded effectively, producing a product with strong antioxidant potential. In conclusion, the developed instant red bean yogurt has potential as a practical, stable functional food that is safe for individuals with lactose intolerance.
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoptimalkan kinerja SSH server melalui implementasi algoritma kompresi LZ4 untuk mengatasi bottleneck transfer data pada protokol SSH, khususnya dalam lingkungan jaringan enterprise Indonesia.Metodologi eksperimental menggunakan testbed VirtualBox dengan dua VM Debian 10 Buster. Penelitian membandingkan kinerja SSH server pada tiga konfigurasi: kompresi LZ4, zlib default, dan tanpa kompresi. Pengujian mencakup berbagai jenis file dengan ukuran 1MB-1GB. Parameter yang diukur meliputi throughput, pemanfaatan CPU, konsumsi memori, rasio kompresi, dan latensi menggunakan OpenSSH 7.9 yang dimodifikasi.Kompresi LZ4 menunjukkan peningkatan throughput 35% dibandingkan zlib dengan pengurangan utilisasi CPU sebesar 22%. Throughput rata-rata mencapai 145 MB/s versus 107 MB/s untuk zlib. Penggunaan memori berkurang 18% sambil mempertahankan efektivitas kompresi 68% relatif terhadap zlib. Latensi meningkat 15% untuk sesi real-time.Integrasi LZ4 secara signifikan meningkatkan kinerja server SSH dengan keseimbangan optimal antara kecepatan kompresi dan pemanfaatan sumber daya, menawarkan manfaat praktis penerapan SSH throughput tinggi di lingkungan perusahaan Indonesia.
Kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis merupakan kompetensi penting dalam pembelajaran matematika karena berperan dalam membantu siswa memahami hubungan antar konsep dan menyelesaikan masalah secara logis. Namun, pada materi trigonometri masih banyak siswa yang mengalami kesulitan memahami konsep sehingga melakukan berbagai kesalahan konseptual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa SMA pada materi trigonometri. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 32 siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Pancur Batu Tahun Pelajaran 2025/2026. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman melalui tahap reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa berada pada kategori sedang dengan rata-rata persentase kesalahan konseptual sebesar 51,88%. Kesalahan dominan meliputi penentuan tanda fungsi trigonometri berdasarkan kuadran, penggunaan identitas trigonometri, evaluasi langkah penyelesaian, dan penerapan konsep pada masalah kontekstual. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa masih cenderung menghafal rumus daripada memahami konsep secara mendalam sehingga diperlukan pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada penguatan pemahaman konsep matematis. Kata Kunci: kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis, trigonometri, kesalahan konseptual, siswa SMA
