Zhytomyr National Agroecological University is the only agrarian higher educational institution with an ecological profile in Ukraine and the only university with national status in Zhytomyr Oblast. The University provides specialists in the majority of national economic sectors in the Ukrainian Polesia (Zhytomyr, Rivne and Volyn oblasts). The university has some seven thousand students and is divided into eight faculties (agronomy, technology of animal production and processing, veterinary medicine, agricultural engineering and energetics, ecology and law, forestry, accounting and finance, economics and management) and 42 departments.
The radiation accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant, which occurred on April 26, 1986, led to large-scale environmental releases of radioactivity. Its consequences-radionuclide contamination of soils, agricultural products, wild mushrooms, and berries-manifest even after decades. One of the regions most affected by the Chornobyl accident was the Zhytomyr region (Polissya). The soils of Ukrainian Polissya (North of Ukraine) have high 137Cs transfer factors, leading to corresponding food contamination, especially of milk and forest products. The current study aimed to calculate and analyze the individual daily dietary intake of 137Cs in a cohort of rural residents based on regular sampling and radioactivity measurement of each family's daily food rations and considering each cohort member's quantitative food consumption indicators over 2 years. Monthly studies of 137Cs activity concentration in foodstuff were performed to cover diet radioactivity peculiarities and estimate their impact on corresponding daily intake for the selected cohort (11 families, 2 to 6 members per family, 34 persons in total) lived in village Narodychi, Zhytomyr oblast (region) during of November 2015 to October 2017. This study included a detailed quantitative recording of the foodstuff consumed diet according to the specially developed questionnaire for each family member for one selected day of each month and laboratory gamma-spectroscopy measurement of 137Cs activity concentration in foodstuff samples covering diet consumed by each family, the same day including three meals. Daily intake of 137Cs was calculated by combining daily family questionnaire data and individual data on 137Cs activity concentration in the respective family on the same day. Individual annual exposure dose estimates were made on corresponding dietary statistical 137Cs intake estimates and age-dependent dose coefficients. Foodstuff 137Cs radioactivity measurements showed that domestic vegetables, fruits, and berries contain one to dozens of Bq/kg. Milk and dairy dishes contain tens to several hundred when ready-made first and second courses of meat, including those adding forest mushrooms, sometimes containing up to several hundred Bq/kg. Calculations show that the daily intake of 137Cs from the diet for different cohort members ranged from 0.1 to 704 Bq. It depends on radioactivity changes during the year in the family food basket and individual preferences in food consumption of corresponding family members, especially of milk and products prepared with milk, and to a greater extent of foodstuff of forest origin: wild berries and mushrooms, and it was higher for males. Statistical data of daily 137Cs intake varies greatly by cohort members and families. Conservative estimates of the cohort's irradiation dose for each year are below 0.33 mSv/year when the corresponding mean is almost twice as high in the second year. It has been shown that the individual's annual effective irradiation dose is determined by the family's food basket and eating habits. Educational work on avoiding certain foods should be essential in preventing high 137Cs intake from food.
Cтаття присвячена всебічному дослідженню процесу дообмолоту колосового вороху. Разом з вивченням виходу компонентів вороху в камеру колосового шнека зернозбирального комбайна, що подається на повторний обмолот, визначали показники якості роботи очистки, транспортуючих органів і дообмолочувального пристрою.У роботі науково обґрунтовано та доведено, що зі збільшенням завантаження очистки від 1,0 до 6,0 кг/с, спостерігається зниження коефіцієнта сепарації. Встановлення роздільного решета перед дообмолочувальним пристроєм, дозволяє виділити з вороху обмолочене зерно і дрібні домішки, а частинки необмолочених колосків і великі домішки йдуть сходом на повторний обмолот, що зменшить травмування зерна. Перевірка ефективності встановлення роздільного решета показала, що вихід необмолоченого зерна після дообмолочувального пристрою змінюється залежно від завантаження очистки з 1 до 3 %.На основі проведених досліджень розроблено експериментальну установку для дослідження процесу дообмолоту колосового вороху у зернозбиральному комбайні КЗС-9-1 «Славутич».
The research involved the studying the impact of different fertilization systems, which were balanced among themselves in terms of nutrients with foliar application of liquid organic-mineral fertilizers, on the growth processes of potato plants. The research methodology included the study of the following indicators: the number of stems, plants height, leaf surface formation. The research was carried out during 2014–2017 on the basis of the experimental plot of the Polissia National University. The experimental design involved the study of four fertilization options with the application of liquid organic-mineral fertilizers «Mochevyn K №1», «Mochevyn K No 2», «Organic D2M» and «Humate potassium» in the form of foliar application. As a result of the research it was found that plant development improves in variants with fertilizers application the number of stems increased from 61 to 84 stems on average over the years of the study, in particular under the organic fertilization system compared to the biological control. The use of liquid organic-mineral fertilizers (LOMF) contributed to an increase in the number of stems in the ranged from 66 to 89 compared to the biological control. Plant height analysis by development phases: mass budding, mass flowering and the end of flowering showed that fertilizers application had a positive effect on the increase in plant height, in particular under different fertilization systems plants height in the phase of the end of flowering increased from 6.2 to 8 cm. LOMF application contributed to an increase in plant height by 6.9–10.2 cm compared to the biological control. The highest indicators of the potato leaf surface area on average over the years of the study were formed in the phase of full emergence under the organic-mineral fertilization system – 5.01 thousand m2/ha and mineral fertilization systems, where this indicator was 4.98 thousand m2/ha. Foliar application of LOMF had a positive effect on the formation of the leaf surface area under the organic-mineral system of fertilization and the combined application of «Humate potassium» and «Organic D2M» and provided variability within 5.07 thousand m2/ha and 5.04 thousand m2/ha respectively. During the flowering phase the leaf surface area of potato plants under different fertilization systems increased by 7.1–10.3 thousand m2 /ha compared to the absolute control variant. The joint combination of fertilization systems and LOMF during the flowering phase increased the leaf surface area by 9.08–12 thousand m2 /ha. Key words: fertilization system, liquid organic-mineral fertilizers, potatoes, leaf surface area.
Evaluation of the progeny test of plus trees of Scots pine - a necessary condition for determining the prospects the use of improved seeds in different environmental conditions. The paper presents the results of the study of the progeny test of groups of clones of plus trees of Scots pine selected according to certain characteristics in Northern Steppe and South Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Analysis of results showed: a significant improvement in the growth rates of the all testing progenies of seed orchard in the better climatic and soil conditions of South Forest-Steppe between the ages of 3 and 10 years. At the same time 4 out of 5 studied progenies worsened their growth indicators relative to local control at the age of 3 to 26 years in less optimal climatic and soil conditions of Northern Steppe. The leader in the steppe conditions was the progeny of a fraction of three clones, which had the highest seed productivity. The selection of the fastest growing clones and the rejection of the slowest growing ones had a positive effect on the growth of progenies of seed orchards at both test points.
The sanitary condition of pine plantations in the conditions of Polissia of Ukraine was assessed. Derevostan grows in different types of forest vegetation conditions B2GDS, B3GDS, C2GDS, C3GDS. According to the data of 27 circular trial plots, which were established during 2018–2020 in the territory of the State Enterprise Zhytomyr LH Berezivske Forestry, the State Enterprise Korostyshivsk LH Ivnitske Forestry, the State Enterprise Korostensky LH APC Melenivske Forestry, which covered the typical growing conditions of pine plantations of Zhytomyr Oblast. The index of sanitary condition showed that the pine forest belonged to strongly weakened stands. Analyzing the sanitary condition during the research period, it is worth noting that in 2018, the tree stand of the plantations in the Ivnytsia Forestry was weakened, and the average index was 2.42. In Berezivsk and Melenivsk forests, the sanitary condition index was 2.58 and 2.67, which indicates that the degree of damage is average, and the plantations are strongly weakened. Based on the results of the research, it was established that in 2019 the sanitary condition in the Bereziv forestry improved and amounted to 2.12. By state category, the largest number of I category is 2019 – 40.0 %, 2019 II – 27.6 %. In the Ivnytsia forestry, the sanitary condition index was 2.52, the plantations were greatly weakened. In the Meleniv Forestry, the average sanitary condition index of 2.44 indicates that the tree stand is weakened. It is proven that in 2020 the sanitary condition improved compared to other years of research and amounted to 2.11. In Ivnytsia Forestry, the sa-nitary condition remains very weak. In the Meleniv Forestry, the average sanitary condition index was 2.29, which indicates that the tree stand is weakened. It has been established that pests, diseases and forest fires are the biggest deterioration of the sanitary condition in the territory of Zhytomyr Oblast. To prevent the development of these negative factors, it is necessary to create mixed pine plantations, to carry out timely felling of forest care. Key words: condition categories, sanitary condition index, type of fo-rest vegetation conditions, completeness, Scots pine.
